The literature review covered various existing solutions for weed removal including miniature cow tillers, meadow comb grass cutters, optimal design of rotary tillers, multiple blade brush-cutting mowers, and land clearers. Prior designs considered factors like operational efficiency, overload capacity, braking, blade design, and application of treatment liquids. No prior solution was found to be specifically designed for small farms or to be low-cost and easy to operate.

1. A Project Report On
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF WEED
REMOVING VEHICLE
Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of
The Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Automobile Engineering
(8th
Semester)
Submitted By:
Sr. No. Student Name Enrolment No.
1 Patel Deep Jyothishbhai 130640102014
2 Desai Jaykumar Lalitkumar 130640102015
3 Patel Naineshkumar Rajendrabhai 130640102042
4 Prajapati Yashkumar Arvindbhai 130640102048
Guided By:
PROF. SACHINKUMAR BHAILALBHAI PATEL
K.J. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,
SAVALI.
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
AHMEDABAD.
APRIL 2017

2. K. J. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,
SAVALI.
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
APRIL 2017
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this work of User Defined Project entitled “DESIGN AND
FABRICATION OF WEED REMOVING VEHICLE” has been carried out by Patel
Deep Jyothishbhai (130640102014), Desai Jaykumar Lalitkumar (130640102015),
Patel Naineshkumar Rajendrabhai (130640102042), Prajapati Yashkumar
Arvindbhai (130640102048) under my guidance in partial fulfilment of the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Automobile Engineering (8th Semester) of Gujarat
Technological University, Ahmedabad during the academic year 2016-2017.
Internal Guide
Prof. S.B. PATEL
Assistant Professor,
Automobile Engineering Department.
Head of Department Principal
Prof. S.B. PATEL Dr. S. D.TOLIWAL
Automobile Engineering Department. KJIT, Savali.

3. Acknowledgement
This project consumed huge amount of work, research and dedication. Still,
Implementation would not have been possible if we did not have support of many
individuals and organizations. Therefore we would like to extend our sincere gratitude to
all of them.
First of all we are thankful to our Principal Dr. S.D. TOLIWAL, Head of Department
and our Internal guide Prof. SACHINKUMAR BHAILALBHAI PATEL and Design
Mentor Asst. Prof. PRAKASH SHAKTI for their logistical support and for providing
necessary guidance concerning projects implementation.
We would like to express our sincere thanks towards volunteer researchers who
devoted their time and knowledge in the implementation of this project. To innumerable
websites in the internet, and to all those who have uploaded their knowledge,
imaginations, ideas, graphic skills etc., on these websites. Also, to all those from pre-
historic days to today, who have registered their knowledge, imaginations, thoughts
etc., through different means and mediums.
Nevertheless, we express our sincere gratitude towards our families and
colleagues for their kind co-operation and motivation which helped us in completion of
this project.

4. Abstract
The weed removing machine is available in the various types like reel (cylinder)
mower, rotary mower, hover mower, riding mower, professional mower etc, but these are
very costly and unaffordable. It requires skilled person to operate as there are weeds and
unwanted crops on the field which may consume the nutritious elements which are
intended for the crop that is to be grown. The main objective of the project is to develop
weed removing vehicle to clean and uproot the unwanted grass and weeds, which is
powered by single cylinder 2-stroke petrol engine (100cc) which is manually operated.
So, here we have designed and fabricated a vehicle which would uproot the weeds and
unwanted crops from the field completely. The weed removing vehicle is capable of
uprooting the weeds and unwanted crops from small plantations (tobacco, chilly,
groundnut etc,) which if not removed would deteriorate the quality as well as quantity of
the main crop. The vehicles and machines which are presently available are very costly
and unaffordable. Also the vehicles and machines that are used causes damage to the
main crop since their turning radius is more. This weed removing vehicle has a set of four
wheels, two front wheels with drum brakes and two rear wheels attached to a dead axle
where the front wheels are powered with a single cylinder 2-stroke 100cc petrol engine
with the help of constant mesh gear box and chain drive. The blade used to uproot the
weeds is adjustable. The turning radius of this vehicle is also very small as compared to
the machines available in the market. Also this vehicle can be easily operated by the
unskilled person without any difficulty. The speed of the vehicle can also be controlled
easily since it has a constant mesh gear box and supporting pair of chain drive. This
vehicle will be very useful for the farmers who cannot afford the high price of currently
available vehicles. Also the maintenance cost is low for this vehicle.

5. Contents Page No.
Chapter 1 8-16
Introduction
1.1 Problem Summary and Introduction. 8
1.2 Aim and objectives of the project. 10
1.3 Problem Specifications. 12
1.4 Brief literature review and Prior Art Search (PAS). 13-14
1.5 Plan of work. 15
1.6 Materials / Tools required. 16
Chapter 2 17-32
2.1 Design. 17-20
2.2 Analysis. 21-30
2.3 Design Methodology. 31
2.4 Implementation Strategy. 32
Chapter 3 33
Implementation.
Chapter 4 34-36
4.1 Advantages of your work. 34
4.2 Usefulness and Benchmarking project
with respect to existing solutions. 35-36
Reference 37

6. List of Figures and Tables:
No. Name Page No.
1 Weed removing procedure carried out by
bullocks.
8
2 Weed removing manually. 9
3 Tobacco farm. 9
4 Chemical spraying. 9
5 Weed removing with bullocks. 11
6 Weed removing manually. 11
7 Unnecessary weeds between main crop. 12
8 Drawing of the vehicle. 15
9 Engine Details. 17
10 Transmission Details. 18
11 Side view of the design. 19
12 Toothed Blade. 20
13 Tapered Edge Blade. 20
14 Analysis of Toothed Blade on
ANSYS.
21
14.1 Geometry Table 22-23
14.2 Mesh Table 23-24
14.3 Result Table 24-25
15 Analysis of Tapered Edge Blade on ANSYS. 26
15.1 Geometry Table 26-27
15.2 Mesh Table 28-29
15.3 Result Table 29-30
16 Top view of the design. 31
17 Commercially available grass cutters. 32
18 Gap between two parallel crops. 33
19 Various Processes of Weed Removing. 35
20 Adding of Chemicals to inhibit weed growth. 36
21 Heavy machines used for weed removing. 36

7. Appendix
Periodic Progress Reports (PPR)
Patent Search & Analysis Report (PSAR)
Design Engineering canvases:
AEIOU Summary
Empathy Summary
Ideation
Product Development

8. CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1.1 Problem Summary and Introduction.
Agriculture is the most important sector in the Indian economy. In India there is a great
scope of grass cutter machine. Bullocks are still used for removing extra grass or weeds
which starts growing in the space between two parallel plantations of tobacco, pepper
chilly, tomato, banana, etc. It is very hectic and tiresome procedure for the farmers to
remove these weeds from the field. If not removed on time it causes main crop
deterioration. Sometime chemicals are used to inhibit the growth of these unnecessary
weeds which causes soil deterioration. In our country as well as other countries has also,
it is used in various fields for cutting the grass. The machine may consist of one, two,
three or four blades depending upon the machine. The grass cutting machine is known as
lawn mower. The grass cutting machine is available in the various types like reel
(cylinder) mower, rotary and mulching mower, hover mower, riding mower, professional
mower etc. but these are very costly and unaffordable also. Also, it requires a skilled
person to operate it and labour has to walk behind the machine which is exhausting
procedure. Hence, it was found necessary to have a grass cutter which can be operated by
a small 2-stroke petrol engine with minimum initial cost and can be operated by unskilled
labour easily. The grass cutters do the better job of cutting grass or lawn grass. The
commercially available units for mowing or grass cutting are costing heavily. All farmers
cannot afford such machines.
1. Weed removing procedure carried out by bullocks.

9. 2. Weed removing manually.
3. Tobacco farm.
4. Chemical spraying.

10. 1.2 Aim and objectives of the project.
Tilling is the process in which farmers remove weeds or unwanted crops from the field,
so that it may not obstruct the growth of the main crop which is being intended to grow
on the field. As there are weeds and unwanted crops on the field then it may consume the
nutrients which are intended for the crop that is to be grown and may deteriorate the main
crop growth. So, here we have designed a vehicle which would uproot the weeds and
unwanted crops from the field completely with very less effort of labour. According to
our survey, to nearby fields we came to conclusion that the tilling process which is
traditionally done by use of animals or employing labour according the size of the field is
very time consuming and the cost of tilling the field traditionally is quite high and not
every farmer could afford it. So, our vehicle fulfils the promise of helping out our farmers
with the help of technology.
Agriculture in India has a significant history. As all know that, the nation’s economy
largely depends upon farming and farmers, but farming methods and techniques are not
much improved. The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is steadily
declining with the country's broad-based economic growth. Still, agriculture is
demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall
socio-economic fabric of India. The vehicles and machines available in the market are
very costly and skilful operator is required to handle and control them.
Soil preparation is the first and most important operation in agriculture. Destruction of
weeds and to cut up crop residues is called as Secondary tillage in agriculture field.
Secondary tillage is performed after some time interval of plant growing and is
undertaken for:
1) Weed control and uproot unwanted crops,
2) Incorporation of fertilizers and
3) Levelling soil surface.
The main objectives of soil preparation are, to improve the physical conditions of soil, to
destroy weeds and to prepare a suitable seedbed for proper cultivation of crops. From
decades, farmers use animal and human efforts for destruction of weeds and to uproot the
crop residues. The basic idea of soil scratching for weed control is ancient and was done
with bullocks and horses before cultivators were developed. Cultivators were originally
drawn by draft animals (such as horses, mules, or oxen) or were pushed or drawn by
people. But it is very time consuming and also animals have limited range of working
conditions and limited daily working hours. Also unavailability of workers and their high
wages makes it more a headache. Also while turning these cultivators and animals cause
damage to the main crop and subsequently deteriorate the quality and quantity of the
crop.
There is a need to design vehicle relating the operations with minimum power required
and maximum efficiency possible. On design aspects there are different factors to be
considered such as tool profile, tool position, and flexibility to adjust with varying
characteristics of regional soil etc. These above technical aspects are needed to be
considered for the features of vehicle to increase efficiency and effectiveness. There is a
particular need to improve the farming methods and create method more efficient by
providing new technologies and fabricating new equipments.
Hence, the design of Weed Removing Vehicle with Grass Cutter is done.

11. 5. Weed removing with bullocks.
6. Weed removing manually.

12. 1.3 Problem Specifications.
Crops like tobacco, pepper chilly, banana, etc are planted in rows with some amount of gap
between them so when they mature they do not interfere with each other. But the
disadvantage is that, unwanted weeds and crops start to grow between these gaps. These
unwanted crops and weeds consume the significant amount of nutrients from the soil which
are required for the growth of main crop. These deteriorate the quality and quantity of the
main crop. To eliminate these unwanted crops and weeds there are various methods which
are adopted by farmers. Those methods are bullocks, grass cutting machine, manual
uprooting of weeds, spraying of chemicals, etc. But all these methods have some or the other
disadvantages. Spraying of chemical causes soil deterioration, manual labour is time
consuming and costly. Grass cutting machine is not affordable by all farmers also it requires
skill for its proper operation.
So, in order to tackle all these situations mentioned above a vehicle is to be designed and
fabricated which will be useful for removal of unnecessary crops and weeds from the farm
without any damage to the main crop. Also it will be easy to operate and maintenance will be
easy and affordable to all groups of farmers.
7. Unnecessary weeds between main crops.

13. 1.4 Brief literature review and Prior Art Search (PAS).
A. Miniature cow tiller.
The present invention relates to a miniature farmland and ditching machine design, is a
mechanical type, characterized by the turning plow and trencher area with a cutter to cut
tofu style compartmentalization of re-turn spin or start digging, can effectively reduce
plowing coulter and trench plows from the force, improve operational efficiency.
B. Meadow comb grass machine.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that: comb drive
gasoline powered grass cutter axis of rotation via a belt drive to work, to achieve grass-
comb function, through the tension arm, tensioner and belt tensioner spring tension,
effectively improve the overload capacity, high efficiency, easy to operate; comb grass
arbor set brake mechanism, when the handle is released the clutch switch off the gasoline
engine flameout control loop, the gasoline engine automatically turn off while under the
effect of the brake mechanism in the return spring pull the brakes, so the brake band and
the brake wheel friction, comb grass arbor fast braking, stopping rotation within 2
seconds; comb grass cutter blade is a solid disc-like rotary body surface of the insert
body, the arcuate convex shape and are alternately connected in an arcuate recessed
surface wavy, the bottom surface area of the upper surface of the insert body is greater
than the area of each of the arcuate convex surface and a concave curved at both ends are
connected to the bottom surface and the upper surface of the insert body, the arcuate
convex surface and radius of the bottom surface of the insert body connection is greater
than the convex curved surface of the body with the blade at the connection, both ends of
the radius of the curved concave surface of the blade body connection is equal to the force
can be dispersed, is conducive to the growth of new grass cycle, can effectively avoid
stress focus, reduce tool damage, avoid frequent replacement cutter, grass cutter and
comb structure is simple, low cost, easy to operate.
C. Optimal design of rotary tiller’s and width proportionate to tractor power using
energy method.
That the proper selection and use of agricultural machines are important factors to
achieve optimal design. Considering the widespread application of rotary tillers and wide
use of modern, optimal design of these machines is mandatory. Therefore in this study
they expressed the optimal working width and optimal diameter of the rotary tiller’s rotor
proportionate with the power of tractor or engine was delineated based on the energy
method. Hence they conclude with optimal working width and optimal diameter of rotary
tiller proportionate to the power of tractor or engine were determined in order to achieve
to the maximum field efficiency of rotary tiller and to minimize the consumed materials
in the building of this machines.
D. Multiple Blade Brush-Cutting Mower.
A multiple blade brush-cutting mower apparatus is provided for cutting vegetation arid
brush, and for applying treatment liquids directly from the cutting blades onto the cut
ends of vegetation at the moment of cutting. The mower provides multiple pairs of blades
staggered across the width of the mower deck, providing consistent blade edge exposure
to cut vegetation over areas as wide as the width of the tractor. The mower incorporates a
completely closed treatment fluid application system that directly applies treatment fluids
onto the lower surface of the cutting blades.

14. E. Land Clearer.
Land clearer comprises suspension device pivotally connected central and side sections of
frame, support wheels and mechanisms for side sections switching from working position
and back. On frames there are flat cutting rippers consisting of middle blade with cutting
edge in form of logarithmic curve, left and right cantilever-fixed blades with cutting
edges, continuing outlines of logarithmic curve of middle blade. Flat cutting rippers are
attached to frame by means of two spring posts with arrangement on three sections of
frame in staggered order. At arrangement lengthwise distance between vertices of log
curves centers of middle cutting blades of first and second rows equals to half-width of
subsurface plough grip. Side sections of frame have four turn limiters in crosswise-
vertical plane in form of flanges mounted on side sections frame beams with one hole for
fixation of side sections removable pins under frame of central section in working
position.
F. Evaluation and Optimization of Handle Design Parameters of a Grass Trimming
Machine.
That proposes a new design of a handle of the grass trimming machine. When this new
design was compared with the old one, it was found that the new handle resulted in 18%
lower HAV (hand arm vibration). To find the lowest HAV, 3 critical parameters of the
new handle (length, angle and material of the cap of the handle) were optimized using the
Taguchi quality tool. He concluded that among the three handle design parameters
considered in this research, the material of the cap of the handle emerged as the highest
contributor to HAV generated in the grass trimmers, followed by the angle and length of
the handle.

15. 1.5 Plan of work.
The design of weed removing vehicle was begun after proper and detail research of
various machines available in market used for grass cutting and weed removal process. It
was followed by field observation at various farms and interactions with the farmers and
labours. The main plan was to design such a vehicle which could be easy to operate and
able to completely eliminate the weeds from the gap between main crop without
consuming more time and fuel. The key points were as follows:
i) Proper removal of unnecessary weeds and grass,
ii) Should not damage main crop,
iii) Easy to operate,
iv) Consume less time,
v) Efficiency should be good,
vi) Low initial cost and
vii) Less maintenance.
By keeping above mentioned points in mind the project was executed with rough sheet of
paper and pen. The design was further made in PTC Creo 3.0 for perfect 3-D model.
8. Drawing of the vehicle.

16. 1.6 Materials / Tools / Equipments required.
Since the vehicle will be working in harsh environment it must be robust. The parts and
tools that are used in the vehicle should not fail before its expected life. After some study
and research the material which are to be used for fabrication were decided. The material
and tools that are to be used for the fabrication of the vehicle are listed as follows:
A) Power-plant – TVS Suzuki Max 100 Single cylinder 2-Stroke petrol engine.
B) Gear Box- 4 -Speed Constant Mesh gear box
C) Drive- Chain Drive
D) Front wheel - 2.75 X 18
E) Brake- 130mm Drum
F) Clutch Cable
G) Brake Cable
H) Accelerator Cable
I) Chassis- Mild steel Angles
J) Iron sheet
K) Handle- Mild steel Angles
L) Iron Rod for rear dead axle
M) Blades- Cast Iron
N) Rear Wheel Diameter- 8”
Equipments
I) Welding Machine
II) Grinding Machine
III) Drill Machine
IV) Lathe
V) Hand-Held Grinder
VI) Hand-Held Cutter, etc.

17. Bill of Material
1. 2-Stroke 100cc Petrol Engine. (Standard)
2. 4 speed Synchromesh Gearbox. (Standard)
3. Hand-operated leverage mechanism for changing gears.
4. Handle 25*25mm Box section (MS)
5. Chassis Box section 25*25mm (MS)
6. Trolley L-section 25*25mm (MS)
7. Rear shaft 25mm
8. Rear wheels 4 Nos. (fibre)
D=200mm
9. Platform - 2mm MS sheet
10. Pedestal or Pillow Bearing – 6 nos.
11. Front Wheel – 2 nos. Bajaj Chetak
D=430mm (Pneumatic)
With internal expanding brake.
12. Front axle -25mm
13. Chain & Socket –Standard Motorcycle
14. Standard Brake wire/lever
15. Standard Clutch wire/lever
16. Exhaust Pipe (Muffler) Standard Motorcycle

18. Chapter 2
2.1 Design.
Engine which is used in this vehicle has specifications are mentioned in the table below:
Engine Displacement 98.2 CC
Engine Type Air cooled, 2 stroke
Number Of Cylinders 1
Valves Per Cylinder 0
Max Power 7.9 PS @5500 rpm
Max Torque 9.8 Nm @5000 rpm
Bore x Stroke 50.0 x 50.0 mm
Fuel Type Petrol
Starter Kick
9. Engine Details.

19. TRANSMISSION:
Transmission Type Manual
Number Of Speed Gears 4
Final Drive (Front Wheel) Chain
10. Transmission Details.
The above mentioned specifications are of TVS Suzuki Max 100 Motorcycle.
The platform for the operator is designed according to the gap between two parallel crop
lines so that none of the crop is damaged during the operation of the vehicle.
This platform for the operator will be supported by 2 wheels mounted on a dead axle so
that it is capable of sustaining the weight of the rear part of the vehicle as well as the
weight of the operator.

20. 11. Side view of the design.
Specifications of Weed Removing Vehicle
Total Length 7’5”
Height 5’4”
Handle 3’4”
Wheel Base 4’3”
Distance between Rear wheels 1’3”

21. Many types of blades can be used as per requirement of the field. Here two types of
blades are taken into consideration. They are a) Toothed blade and b) Tapered Edge
Blade. According to the survey and observations made tapered edge blade is used for the
uprooting of weeds and grass from the field. The images of the blades are shown below.
These blades will be of cast iron material.
12. Toothed Blade.
13. Tapered Edge Blade.

22. 2.2 Analysis.
Since the cutting and uprooting action will be performed by the blade that will
be used. So it is necessary to calculate the load that will be faced by the blade.
Analysis on blade is performed on ANSYS software which gives approximate
results. Detailed description of analysis is shown below.
14. Analysis of Toothed Blade on ANSYS.

23. Geometry
Object Name Geometry
State Fully Defined
Definition
Source
C:UsersIts
MeDesktopBikellever 2.stp
Type Step
Length Unit Meters
Element Control Program Controlled
Display Style Body Colour
Bounding Box
Length X 400. mm
Length Y 7.0012 mm
Length Z 110. mm
Properties
Volume 72996 mm³
Mass 0.52557 kg
Scale Factor Value 1.
Statistics
Bodies 1
Active Bodies 1
Nodes 7837
Elements 3396
Mesh Metric None
Basic Geometry Options
Solid Bodies Yes
Surface Bodies Yes
Line Bodies No
Parameters Yes
Parameter Key DS
Attributes No
Named Selections No
Material Properties No
Advanced Geometry Options
Use Associativity Yes
Coordinate Systems No
Reader Mode Saves
Updated File
No
Use Instances Yes
Smart CAD Update No
Attach File Via Temp
File
Yes
Temporary Directory
C:UsersIts
MeAppDataLocalTemp

24. Analysis Type 3-D
Mixed Import
Resolution
None
Decompose Disjoint
Geometry
Yes
Enclosure and
Symmetry Processing
Yes
Table 14.1
Mesh
Object Name Mesh
State Solved
Defaults
Physics Preference Mechanical
Relevance 0
Sizing
Use Advanced Size Function Off
Relevance Center Fine
Element Size Default
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing Medium
Transition Fast
Span Angle Center Coarse
Minimum Edge Length 0.30 mm
Inflation
Use Automatic Inflation None
Inflation Option Smooth Transition
Transition Ratio 0.272
Maximum Layers 5
Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre
View Advanced Options No
Patch Conforming Options
Triangle Surface Mesher Program Controlled
Advanced
Shape Checking Standard Mechanical
Element Midside Nodes Program Controlled
Straight Sided Elements No
Number of Retries Default (4)
Extra Retries For Assembly Yes
Rigid Body Behavior Dimensionally Reduced
Mesh Morphing Disabled

25. Defeaturing
Pinch Tolerance Please Define
Generate Pinch on Refresh No
Automatic Mesh Based Defeaturing On
Defeaturing Tolerance Default
Statistics
Nodes 7837
Elements 3396
Table 14.2
Results
Objec
t
Name
Total
Deform
ation
Directi
onal
Deform
ation
Equiv
alent
Stress
State Solved
Scope
Scopi
ng
Metho
d
Geometry Selection
Geom
etry
All Bodies
Definition
Type
Total
Defor
mation
Directi
onal
Defor
mation
Equiv
alent
(von-
Mises
)
Stress
By Time
Displa
y
Time
Last
Calcul
ate
Time
Histor
y
Yes
Identi
fier
Suppr
essed
No
Orient
ation
X Axis

26. Coord
inate
Syste
m
Global
Coordi
nate
System
Results
Mini
mum
0. mm
-
4.4708
e-004
mm
1.973
7e-
004
MPa
Maxi
mum
0.1328
5 mm
3.8352
e-004
mm
10.95
3
MPa
Minimum Value Over Time
Mini
mum
0. mm
-
4.4708
e-004
mm
1.973
7e-
004
MPa
Maxi
mum
0. mm
-
4.4708
e-004
mm
1.973
7e-
004
MPa
Maximum Value Over Time
Mini
mum
0.1328
5 mm
3.8352
e-004
mm
10.95
3
MPa
Maxi
mum
0.1328
5 mm
3.8352
e-004
mm
10.95
3
MPa
Information
Time 14. s
Load
Step
5
Subst
ep
1
Iterati
on
Numb
er
5
Integration Point Results
Displa
y
Optio
n
Aver
aged
Table 14.3

27. 15. Analysis of Tapered Edge Blade on ANSYS.
Geometry
Object Name Geometry
State Fully Defined
Definition
Source
C:UsersIts
MeDesktopBikelprt0001.stp
Type Step
Length Unit Meters
Element Control Program Controlled
Display Style Body Colour
Bounding Box
Length X 400. mm
Length Y 7.0012 mm
Length Z 110. mm
Properties
Volume 77902 mm³

28. Mass 0.56089 kg
Scale Factor Value 1.
Statistics
Bodies 1
Active Bodies 1
Nodes 6938
Elements 3148
Mesh Metric None
Basic Geometry Options
Solid Bodies Yes
Surface Bodies Yes
Line Bodies No
Parameters Yes
Parameter Key DS
Attributes No
Named Selections No
Material Properties No
Advanced Geometry Options
Use Associativity Yes
Coordinate Systems No
Reader Mode Saves
Updated File
No
Use Instances Yes
Smart CAD Update No
Attach File Via Temp
File
Yes
Temporary Directory
C:UsersIts
MeAppDataLocalTemp
Analysis Type 3-D
Mixed Import
Resolution
None
Decompose Disjoint
Geometry
Yes
Enclosure and
Symmetry Processing
Yes
Table 15.1

29. Mesh
Object Name Mesh
State Solved
Defaults
Physics Preference Mechanical
Relevance 0
Sizing
Use Advanced Size Function Off
Relevance Center Fine
Element Size Default
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing Medium
Transition Fast
Span Angle Center Coarse
Minimum Edge Length 0.30 mm
Inflation
Use Automatic Inflation None
Inflation Option Smooth Transition
Transition Ratio 0.272
Maximum Layers 5
Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre
View Advanced Options No
Patch Conforming Options
Triangle Surface Mesher Program Controlled
Advanced
Shape Checking Standard Mechanical
Element Midside Nodes Program Controlled
Straight Sided Elements No
Number of Retries Default (4)
Extra Retries For Assembly Yes
Rigid Body Behavior
Dimensionally
Reduced
Mesh Morphing Disabled
Defeaturing
Pinch Tolerance Please Define
Generate Pinch on Refresh No
Automatic Mesh Based
Defeaturing
On
Defeaturing Tolerance Default
Statistics
Nodes 6938

30. Elements 3148
Mesh Metric None
Table 15.2
Results
Objec
t
Name
Total
Deform
ation
Directi
onal
Deform
ation
Equiv
alent
Stress
State Solved
Scope
Scopi
ng
Metho
d
Geometry Selection
Geom
etry
All Bodies
Definition
Type
Total
Defor
mation
Directi
onal
Defor
mation
Equiv
alent
(von-
Mises
)
Stress
By Time
Displa
y
Time
Last
Calcul
ate
Time
Histor
y
Yes
Identi
fier
Suppr
essed
No
Orient
ation
X Axis
Coord
inate
Syste
m
Global
Coordi
nate
System
Results

31. Mini
mum
0. mm
-
4.2299
e-004
mm
2.101
8e-
004
MPa
Maxi
mum
0.1481
6 mm
3.5915
e-004
mm
11.96
1
MPa
Minimum Value Over Time
Mini
mum
0. mm
-
4.2299
e-004
mm
2.101
8e-
004
MPa
Maxi
mum
0. mm
-
4.2299
e-004
mm
2.101
8e-
004
MPa
Maximum Value Over Time
Mini
mum
0.1481
6 mm
3.5915
e-004
mm
11.96
1
MPa
Maxi
mum
0.1481
6 mm
3.5915
e-004
mm
11.96
1
MPa
Information
Time 14. s
Load
Step
5
Subst
ep
1
Iterati
on
Numb
er
5
Integration Point Results
Displa
y
Optio
n
Aver
aged
Table 15.3

32. 2.3 Design Methodology.
The key to design methodology is finding the best solution for each design
situation, whether it be in industrial design, architecture or technology. Design
methodology stresses the use of brainstorming to encourage innovative ideas
and collaborative thinking to work through each proposed idea and arrive at the
best solution. Meeting the needs and wants of the end user is the most critical
concern. Design methodology also employs basic research methods such as
analysis and testing.
The design of weed removing vehicle is done according to Top down
Methodology in which the problems were initially taken into consideration
after field observation and interactions with the local users. After recognising
the problems caused during the removal of unnecessary weeds from the fields
these problems were steadily solved with accurate brainstorming and internal
discussion with the faculty and group members.
This led us to a proper design that a vehicle should possess. The major task
was to eliminate the walking procedure that labour has to do while handling
other grass cutting machines. The rear body is designed according to the gap
in between two crop line and additionally it should be able to balance and
support the front part of the vehicle as well as the weight of the labour
operating the vehicle.
16. Top view of the design.

33. 2.4 Implementation Strategy.
The weed removing vehicle is designed in order to uproot and eliminate the unnecessary
weed from the fields of small plantations without damaging the main crop and
deteriorating the soil quality. This vehicle will not only remove the weeds but also will
prove better than any other machines available in the present market. The labour or
operator who will be operating the machine does not need to walk behind the vehicle but
a platform provided with the vehicle will serve as standing space. This feature is not
available in the vehicles which are presently available in the market. The labour or
operator has to walk behind the machines which are commercially available in the market
which is quite exhausting job. This weed removing vehicle will not only prove non-
exhausting but also its efficiency will be better than other machines. The strategy is to
provide this vehicle to all levels of farmers since the cost of the vehicle will be affordable.
The vehicle will not cost as much the price of the commercially available machines so
low level of farmers can also purchase and use it.
Further the operating cost will be low since 2- Stroke engine is used for gaining power
rather than speed. The land on which the vehicle will be operating will not be levelled
hence the power is given to the front wheel of the vehicle and the platform of the operator
will be towed by the front wheel.
17. Commercially available grass cutters.

34. Chapter 3
Implementation
The weed removing vehicle is designed in order to uproot and eliminate the unnecessary
weed from the fields of small plantations without damaging the main crop and
deteriorating the soil quality. This vehicle will not only remove the weeds but also will
prove better than any other machines available in the present market. The labour or
operator who will be operating the machine does not need to walk behind the vehicle but
a platform provided with the vehicle will serve as standing space. This feature is not
available in the vehicles which are presently available in the market. The labour or
operator has to walk behind the machines which are commercially available in the market
which is quite exhausting job. This weed removing vehicle will not only prove non-
exhausting but also its efficiency will be better than other machines. The strategy is to
provide this vehicle to all levels of farmers since the cost of the vehicle will be affordable.
The vehicle will not cost as much the price of the commercially available machines so
low level of farmers can also purchase and use it.
Further the operating cost will be low since 2- Stroke engine is used for gaining power
rather than speed. The land on which the vehicle will be operating will not be levelled
hence the power is given to the front wheel of the vehicle and the platform of the operator
will be towed by the front wheel. The movement of the blade will be controlled with the
help of linkage that will be attached to the handle. The operator according to his need and
viability can control the cut and the movement of the blade. The Blades which will be
used are of specific dimensions according to the gap between two parallel main crops so
that none of the main crop is damaged during the weed removing operation. The changing
of gear will be made easy so that the operator may shift up or down according to the field
requirement and power needed.
18. Gap between two parallel crops

35. Chapter 4
4.1 Advantages of work
The weed removing machine is available in the various types like reel (cylinder) mower,
rotary mower, hover mower, riding mower, professional mower etc, but these are very
costly and unaffordable. It requires skilled person to operate as there are weeds and
unwanted crops on the field which may consume the nutritious elements which are
intended for the crop that is to be grown. The main objective of the project is to develop
weed removing vehicle to clean and uproot the unwanted grass and weeds, which is
powered by single cylinder 2-stroke petrol engine (100cc) which is manually operated.
So, here we have designed and fabricated a vehicle which would uproot the weeds and
unwanted crops from the field completely. The weed removing vehicle is capable of
uprooting the weeds and unwanted crops from small plantations (tobacco, chilly,
groundnut etc,) which if not removed would deteriorate the quality as well as quantity of
the main crop. The vehicles and machines which are presently available are very costly
and unaffordable. Also the vehicles and machines that are used causes damage to the
main crop since their turning radius is more. This weed removing vehicle has a set of four
wheels, two front wheels with drum brakes and two rear wheels attached to a dead axle
where the front wheel is powered with a single cylinder 2-stroke 100cc petrol engine with
the help of constant mesh gear box and chain drive. The blade used to uproot the weeds is
adjustable. The turning radius of this vehicle is also very small as compared to the
machines available in the market. Also this vehicle can be easily operated by the
unskilled person without any difficulty. The speed of the vehicle can also be controlled
easily since it has a constant mesh gear box. This vehicle will be very useful for the
farmers who cannot afford the high price of current available vehicles. Also the
maintenance cost is low for this vehicle.
The platform for the operator is designed according to the gap between two parallel crop
lines so that none of the crop is damaged during the operation of the vehicle.
This platform for the operator will be supported by 2 wheels mounted on a dead axle so
that it is capable of sustaining the weight of the rear part of the vehicle as well as the
weight of the operator.

36. 4.2 Usefulness and Benchmarking project with respect to existing
solutions.
The weed removing vehicle will be very useful for all categories of farmers for weeding
their field. The machines and cutters available in market are costly and not all farmers can
afford that cost so they prefer to use the traditional method of weed removing using
bullocks which may damage some amount of crops during the procedure. Also, chemicals
which are used in the field to inhibit the growth of weed and to destroy the weeds prove
harmful for the quality of soil and crops. Spraying of herbicides and chemicals causes soil
erosion and land deterioration.
19. Various Processes of Weed Removing.

37. 20. Adding of Chemicals to inhibit weed growth.
Heavy machines such as tractors and mini tractors are also used for weeding procedure.
These machines are costly and on other hand they are quite tough to handle and operate.
Skilled operator is required for operating such machines. The operator has to constantly
keep an eye while operating the machine so that it does not damage the main crop line.
All farmers cannot purchase such machine hence they have to follow traditional method
or need to take machine and operator on lease from the owner. The weed removing
vehicle will not be as costly as these commercially available machines. It will not require
a operator with high skills, an average operator can also handle and operate it with ease.
The operating cost will also be low as compared to these machines. When such machines
go out of service the maintenance and repairing cost is also high. Whereas in weed
removing vehicle maintenance and service cost will be very less so that every category of
farmer can afford the vehicle.
21. Heavy machines used for weed removing.

38. REFERENCE
Books and Reference Papers
1. Performance evaluation of grass cutter By A.P.Magar , M.D. Abuj,
T.B.Bastewad and P.V. Adagale.
2. Design of Rotary Tiller With Grass Cutter By Mohammad Muneer Uz Zaman.
3. Conceptual Designs towards Developing Mechanically Controlled Semi-Automated
Grass Cutter By Sivarao, T.J.S.Anand, Hanizam, Faizul, Indra Devi.
4. Manually Operated Rotary Lawn Mower By Pamujula Hythika Madhav and Bhaskar
H.B.
5. Self-Efficient and Sustainable Solar Powered Robotic Lawn Mower By Srishti Jain,
Amar Khalore and Shashikant Patil.
6. Optimization of the operating parameters of a grass trimming machine, Zulquernain
Mallick, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar,
New-Delhi-110025, India.
7. Simple Design of Self-Powered Lawn Mower , Basil Okafor , Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Federal. University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
8. Design, Development and Testing of Low Capital and Operational Cost Shrub Cutting
Machine, R. K. Mandloi A, Rajesh Gupta B and A. Rehman C, A,B,C Mechanical
Engineering Department, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal.
10. Tuned vibration absorber for suppression of hand-arm vibration in electric, grass
trimmer, Ko Ying Hao, Lee Xin Mei, Zaidi Mohd Ripin.
11. Theory of Machines By R.S. Khurmi and J.K. Gupta, S. Chand Publications.
12. Machine Design By R.S. Khurmi and J.K. Gupta, S. Chand Publications.
13. Design of Machine Elements By V.B. Bhandari McGraw Hill Education; 3rd
edition.
14. Internal Combustion Engines by V Ganesan McGraw Hill Education; 4th
edition.
15. Internal Combustion Engines by M.L. Mathur and R.P. Sharma, Dhanpat Rai
Publications.
16. Material Science and Metallurgy by O.P. Khanna, Dhanpat Rai Publications.
17. Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics by Thomas Gillespie.
Websites, Software and URL
1. www.google.co.in
2. https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/search.jsf
3. https://patents.google.com/
4. PTC Creo 3.0
5. ANSYS by VINSYS

39. APPENDIX