Dementia is a decline in memory, reasoning, and communication skills that results from physical changes in the brain caused by diseases like Alzheimer's. Symptoms include memory loss, difficulty concentrating and organizing, and problems with language. The main types of dementia are Alzheimer's, Lewy body, vascular, and frontotemporal. Risk factors include age, genetics, and medical conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes. While there is no cure, medications and therapies can help manage symptoms.

1. DEMENTIA
HAZIM AIMAN BIN SAIFUL AHMAD

2. WHAT IS DEMENTIA ?
• The term Dementia is used to describe the collection of symptoms including a
decline in memory, reasoning and communication skills, and a gradual loss of
skills needed to carry out daily activities.
• These symptoms are caused by structural and chemical changes in the brain as a
result of physical diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.

3. SYMPTOMS OF DEMENTIA
• Loss of memory – problems with day to day memory with difficulty recalling
events that happened recently
• Concentrating, planning and organising – difficulties making decisions , solving
problems or carrying out a sequence of tasks
• Language – difficulties in understanding what people are saying and or finding
the right word for something

4. TYPES OF DEMENTIA
• ALZHEIMER’S -
• LEWY BODY
• VASCULAR
• FRONTOTEMPORAL

5. ALZHEIMER’S LEWY BODY
• Become confused and frequently
forget the name of people , places ,
appointments and important events
• Experience mood swings due to
frustration from increasing memory
loss
• Become more withdrawn – due to
loss of confidence or to
communication problems
• Experience problems with attention
and alertness
• Often have spatial disorientation
• Difficulty in planning ahead and
coordinating mental activities

6. VASCULAR FRONTOTEMPORAL
• Problems with speed of thinking ,
concentration and communication
• Depression and anxiety
accompanying the dementia
• Symptoms of stroke such as physical
weakness or paralysis
• Lack of insight and loss of ability to
empathise with others
• More likely to have difficulties with
language and emotional responses.
• Become extrovert when previously
outgoing and withdrawn when
previously outgoing

7. WHAT CAUSES DEMENTIA TO PPL ?
• As people live longer , the number of people with dementia is set to increase.
• Caused by proteins that tangle in the brain
• Caused by vascular events- e.g stroke, damage to blood vessels and restricting
blood flow to areas of the brain
• Caused by clumps of proteins that develop inside nerve cells that block messages
in the brain. They reduce the levels of chemical messengers and cause nerve cells
to die.
• Caused by damage to the frontal/temporal lobes in the brain. Also sometimes
referred to as ‘Picks disease’.

8. PREVENTION
• There is growing evidence indicating that certain medical conditions such as high
blood pressure, diabetes and obesity may increase the risk of Dementia.
• eating a healthy, balanced diet.
• maintaining a healthy weight.
• exercising regularly.

9. DIAGNOSIS
• Blood tests to rule out any physical health reasons for an impaired memory
• History taking – talk to the person and someone who knows them well
• A scan of the brain
• A diagnosis may take weeks / months

10. TREATMENT

11. MEDICATION THERAPIES
• Memantine. Memantine (Namenda)
works by regulating the activity of
glutamate, another chemical
messenger involved in brain
functions, such as learning and
memory. In some cases, memantine
is prescribed with a cholinesterase
inhibitor. A common side effect of
memantine is dizziness.
• Occupational therapy. An
occupational therapist can show you
how to make your home safer and
teach coping behaviors. The purpose
is to prevent accidents, such as falls;
manage behavior and prepare you
for the dementia progression.

12. THANK YOU