This document provides information about Sayed Ahmed and his company Justetc Technologies. It also shares learning objectives and free training resources on various topics related to databases and database management systems (DBMS) such as the concept of databases, relational databases, data security, encryption, and SQL. Contact information and references for further study are provided at the end.
The document discusses database management systems and their advantages over traditional file systems. It covers key concepts such as:
1) Databases organize data into tables with rows and columns to allow for easier querying and manipulation of data compared to file systems which store data in unstructured files.
2) Database management systems employ concepts like normalization, transactions, concurrency and security to maintain data integrity and consistency when multiple users are accessing the data simultaneously.
3) The logical design of a database is represented by its schema, while a database instance refers to the current state of the data stored in the database tables at a given time.
The document provides an overview of databases and their advantages over traditional file systems. It discusses key database concepts like data hierarchy, entities and attributes, database models, and components. The main points are:
- Databases organize related data centrally for efficient data sharing and management, avoiding data duplication found in file systems.
- Key concepts include data hierarchy, database components, architecture with three logical levels, and entity-attribute modeling.
- Popular database models include hierarchical, network, and relational models, with relational being most common today.
- Database languages like DDL and DML manipulate and query the database, while the data dictionary documents the stored data.
The document discusses the key components and functions of database systems. It begins by explaining the difference between data and information and how databases evolved from file systems to address issues like data redundancy and lack of integrity. The main components of a database system are described as hardware, software, people, procedures, and data. Key functions of a database management system (DBMS) include data storage management, security management, and ensuring data integrity. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of databases, their history and structure.
This chapter introduces database systems and their advantages over traditional file systems. It discusses the components of a database system including the database, database management system (DBMS), and their roles in data storage and access. Databases have evolved from file systems to address issues like data redundancy, inconsistency, and dependence on structure and storage characteristics. The chapter outlines different types of databases and the importance of database design. It provides examples of problems in traditional file system data management to illustrate improvements made by modern database systems.
The document discusses different types of database systems. It describes single user and multi user database management systems (DBMS), which are categorized based on the number of users. It also outlines centralized, distributed, parallel, and client-server database systems, which are classified based on the location of the site. Each type has distinct characteristics regarding the number and location of users, computers, and storage of data.
DDBMS, characteristics, Centralized vs. Distributed Database, Homogeneous DDBMS, Heterogeneous DDBMS, Advantages, Disadvantages, What is parallel database, Data fragmentation, Replication, Distribution Transaction
This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS). It defines key concepts like data, databases, and the basic functions of a DBMS, which include defining database structure, managing storage, manipulating data through queries, controlling access and usage, and monitoring performance. It also describes the roles of different people involved like designers, developers and administrators. The document outlines the different levels of data abstraction in a DBMS and key functionality around concurrency control, backup/recovery, redundancy management, access control, optimization and metadata.
Distributed database management systems (DDBMS) allow data to be spread across multiple computer sites connected by a network. A DDBMS provides location transparency so users can access data without knowing its physical location. It also coordinates transactions that involve data stored at multiple sites. DDBMS architectures include transaction managers, data managers, and transaction coordinators to process transactions and subtransactions across distributed data.
The document discusses database management systems and their advantages over traditional file systems. It covers key concepts such as:
1) Databases organize data into tables with rows and columns to allow for easier querying and manipulation of data compared to file systems which store data in unstructured files.
2) Database management systems employ concepts like normalization, transactions, concurrency and security to maintain data integrity and consistency when multiple users are accessing the data simultaneously.
3) The logical design of a database is represented by its schema, while a database instance refers to the current state of the data stored in the database tables at a given time.
The document provides an overview of databases and their advantages over traditional file systems. It discusses key database concepts like data hierarchy, entities and attributes, database models, and components. The main points are:
- Databases organize related data centrally for efficient data sharing and management, avoiding data duplication found in file systems.
- Key concepts include data hierarchy, database components, architecture with three logical levels, and entity-attribute modeling.
- Popular database models include hierarchical, network, and relational models, with relational being most common today.
- Database languages like DDL and DML manipulate and query the database, while the data dictionary documents the stored data.
The document discusses the key components and functions of database systems. It begins by explaining the difference between data and information and how databases evolved from file systems to address issues like data redundancy and lack of integrity. The main components of a database system are described as hardware, software, people, procedures, and data. Key functions of a database management system (DBMS) include data storage management, security management, and ensuring data integrity. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of databases, their history and structure.
This chapter introduces database systems and their advantages over traditional file systems. It discusses the components of a database system including the database, database management system (DBMS), and their roles in data storage and access. Databases have evolved from file systems to address issues like data redundancy, inconsistency, and dependence on structure and storage characteristics. The chapter outlines different types of databases and the importance of database design. It provides examples of problems in traditional file system data management to illustrate improvements made by modern database systems.
The document discusses different types of database systems. It describes single user and multi user database management systems (DBMS), which are categorized based on the number of users. It also outlines centralized, distributed, parallel, and client-server database systems, which are classified based on the location of the site. Each type has distinct characteristics regarding the number and location of users, computers, and storage of data.
DDBMS, characteristics, Centralized vs. Distributed Database, Homogeneous DDBMS, Heterogeneous DDBMS, Advantages, Disadvantages, What is parallel database, Data fragmentation, Replication, Distribution Transaction
This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS). It defines key concepts like data, databases, and the basic functions of a DBMS, which include defining database structure, managing storage, manipulating data through queries, controlling access and usage, and monitoring performance. It also describes the roles of different people involved like designers, developers and administrators. The document outlines the different levels of data abstraction in a DBMS and key functionality around concurrency control, backup/recovery, redundancy management, access control, optimization and metadata.
Distributed database management systems (DDBMS) allow data to be spread across multiple computer sites connected by a network. A DDBMS provides location transparency so users can access data without knowing its physical location. It also coordinates transactions that involve data stored at multiple sites. DDBMS architectures include transaction managers, data managers, and transaction coordinators to process transactions and subtransactions across distributed data.
This document discusses the key components of a database system including applications, file systems, data views, query processors, users and administrators, data languages, transaction management, and storage managers. It provides examples of common database applications and describes how data is abstracted at the physical, logical, and view levels. It also explains the roles of DDL, DML, transactions, and storage managers in database design and management.
This document discusses different types of database models including high-level, representation, and low-level models. It describes the entity-relationship model as a high-level model that focuses on entities, attributes, and relationships without representation concerns. The relational model and hierarchical model are presented as representation models that describe how data is physically structured and stored. Key aspects of each model like structure, terminology, advantages, and disadvantages are summarized.
This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS). It defines what a database is and discusses the purpose of DBMS compared to traditional file systems. The document outlines several key DBMS concepts including data models, the relational model, and query languages like DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL. Examples are provided for each concept to illustrate database schemas, tables, queries, privileges and transactions.
This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in a database systems textbook. It introduces the major parts of the book, including relational databases, database design, data storage and querying, transaction management, and database architectures. Each chapter is briefly described to give the reader an understanding of what concepts will be discussed in more depth throughout the textbook.
Basic Concept Of Database Management System (DBMS) [Presentation Slide]Atik Israk
This document provides an overview of basic concepts in database management systems (DBMS). It defines key terms like database, DBMS, software examples, purposes of DBMS, applications, and terminology. Specifically, it outlines what a database is, the role of a DBMS in providing management and control of data access. It lists example DBMS software and how DBMS reduce data redundancy and ensure security. Applications of DBMS mentioned include libraries, banking, education and telecommunications. Terminology defined includes entity, attribute, record, key, and relationship.
It includes:
Introduction to Database Management System
DBMS vs File System
View of data
Data models
Database Languages: DML, DDL
Database users and administrators
Transaction Management
Database System Structure
Application architectures
A database is a collection of data that can be used alone or combined to answer users' questions. A database management system (DBMS) provides programs to manage databases, control data access, and include a query language. When designing a database, it is important to structure the data so that specific records can be easily accessed, the database can respond to different questions, minimal storage is used, and redundant data is avoided. Key concepts in database design include entities, attributes, records, primary keys, foreign keys, and relationships between tables.
A data model is a set of concepts that define the structure of data in a database. The three main types of data models are the hierarchical model, network model, and relational model. The hierarchical model uses a tree structure with parent-child relationships, while the network model allows many-to-many relationships but is more complex. The relational model - which underlies most modern databases - uses tables with rows and columns to represent data, and relationships are represented by values in columns.
Oracle Database is a collection of data treated as a unit. The purpose of a database is to store and retrieve related information. Oracle Database was started in 1977 as Software Development Laboratories by Larry Ellison and others. Over time, Oracle released several major versions that added new functionality, such as Oracle 12c which was designed for cloud computing. A database server is the key to solving problems of information management by allowing storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data.
● Why Databases?
● Why Database Design is Important?
● The Database System Environment and Functions.
● Managing the Database System: A Shift in Focus.
A database is a collection of logically related data organized for convenient access, usually by programs for specific purposes. A DBMS is software that allows users to define, construct and manipulate databases for various applications. The database and DBMS together form a database system. A DBMS provides advantages like reducing data redundancy and inconsistency, restricting unauthorized access, and enforcing data integrity and security.
DBMS - Database Management System, Data and Database, DBMS meaning, Why DBMS?, Characteristics of DBMS, Types of DBMS- Hierarchical DBMS, Network DBMS, Relational DBMS, Object-oriented DBMS, Applications of DBMS, Popular DBMS Software, Advantages of DBMS, disadvantages of DBMS.
A distributed database is a collection of logically interrelated databases distributed over a computer network. A distributed database management system (DDBMS) manages the distributed database and makes the distribution transparent to users. There are two main types of DDBMS - homogeneous and heterogeneous. Key characteristics of distributed databases include replication of fragments, shared logically related data across sites, and each site being controlled by a DBMS. Challenges include complex management, security, and increased storage requirements due to data replication.
This document provides an overview and introduction to a lecture on database management systems (DBMS). It discusses how companies are increasingly data-driven and how this class will teach the basics of using and managing data. The lecture will cover the motivation for studying DBMS, an overview of the subject, and course logistics. The goal is for students to understand fundamental database concepts and be able to design, query, and build applications with databases.
This document discusses different types of data models, including object based models like entity relationship and object oriented models, physical models that describe how data is stored, and record based logical models. It specifically mentions hierarchical, network, and relational models as examples of record based logical data models. The purpose of data models is to represent and make data understandable by specifying rules for database construction, allowed data operations, and integrity.
The document discusses different database models including hierarchical, network, relational, entity-relationship, object-oriented, object-relational, and semi-structured models. It provides details on the characteristics, structures, advantages and disadvantages of each model. It also includes examples and diagrams to illustrate concepts like hierarchical structure, network structure, relational schema, entity relationship diagrams, object oriented diagrams, and XML schema. The document appears to be teaching materials for a database management course that provides an overview of various database models.
This document provides an overview of basic database concepts including:
- Definitions of data, information, and databases
- Components of database systems like users, software, hardware, and data
- Data models including entity-relationship, hierarchical, network, and relational models
- Database architecture types such as centralized, client-server, and distributed
- Advantages and disadvantages of database management systems
This document discusses database management systems. It defines a database and explains that a DBMS allows users to define, create and maintain a database while providing controlled access. A DBMS bridges the gap between data and information by converting stored data into usable information. The main components of a database system are the people, hardware, software and data. A DBMS provides advantages like reduced redundancy, data integrity and security. However, it also faces limitations such as high costs, potential for data loss if the database fails, and challenges in ensuring data privacy and quality with many users.
A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. In one view, databases can be classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images.....
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) distributes data across multiple disks to improve performance and provide redundancy. The common characteristics of RAID levels are that multiple physical disks act as a single logical disk, data is distributed across disks, and redundant parity information is used to recover data if a disk fails. RAID level 0 stripes data without parity for increased speed but no fault tolerance, while RAID level 1 uses mirroring to provide redundancy by writing all data to two disks.
Data can be defined as raw facts and figures that can be organized later on. Database is the collection of coherent meaningful data. The full form of DBMS is Database Management System. It is the grouping of related data, records whereas management system is the collection of programs for saving and retrieving the data records. DBMS can be defined as collection of programs which are required to store as well as access the data in efficient and easy way. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Database Management System:- http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/computer-science/database-management-system.aspx
An overview of the Database Management System, various uses and applications of database, internal architecture of popular RDBMS servers and thier features
This document discusses the key components of a database system including applications, file systems, data views, query processors, users and administrators, data languages, transaction management, and storage managers. It provides examples of common database applications and describes how data is abstracted at the physical, logical, and view levels. It also explains the roles of DDL, DML, transactions, and storage managers in database design and management.
This document discusses different types of database models including high-level, representation, and low-level models. It describes the entity-relationship model as a high-level model that focuses on entities, attributes, and relationships without representation concerns. The relational model and hierarchical model are presented as representation models that describe how data is physically structured and stored. Key aspects of each model like structure, terminology, advantages, and disadvantages are summarized.
This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS). It defines what a database is and discusses the purpose of DBMS compared to traditional file systems. The document outlines several key DBMS concepts including data models, the relational model, and query languages like DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL. Examples are provided for each concept to illustrate database schemas, tables, queries, privileges and transactions.
This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in a database systems textbook. It introduces the major parts of the book, including relational databases, database design, data storage and querying, transaction management, and database architectures. Each chapter is briefly described to give the reader an understanding of what concepts will be discussed in more depth throughout the textbook.
Basic Concept Of Database Management System (DBMS) [Presentation Slide]Atik Israk
This document provides an overview of basic concepts in database management systems (DBMS). It defines key terms like database, DBMS, software examples, purposes of DBMS, applications, and terminology. Specifically, it outlines what a database is, the role of a DBMS in providing management and control of data access. It lists example DBMS software and how DBMS reduce data redundancy and ensure security. Applications of DBMS mentioned include libraries, banking, education and telecommunications. Terminology defined includes entity, attribute, record, key, and relationship.
It includes:
Introduction to Database Management System
DBMS vs File System
View of data
Data models
Database Languages: DML, DDL
Database users and administrators
Transaction Management
Database System Structure
Application architectures
A database is a collection of data that can be used alone or combined to answer users' questions. A database management system (DBMS) provides programs to manage databases, control data access, and include a query language. When designing a database, it is important to structure the data so that specific records can be easily accessed, the database can respond to different questions, minimal storage is used, and redundant data is avoided. Key concepts in database design include entities, attributes, records, primary keys, foreign keys, and relationships between tables.
A data model is a set of concepts that define the structure of data in a database. The three main types of data models are the hierarchical model, network model, and relational model. The hierarchical model uses a tree structure with parent-child relationships, while the network model allows many-to-many relationships but is more complex. The relational model - which underlies most modern databases - uses tables with rows and columns to represent data, and relationships are represented by values in columns.
Oracle Database is a collection of data treated as a unit. The purpose of a database is to store and retrieve related information. Oracle Database was started in 1977 as Software Development Laboratories by Larry Ellison and others. Over time, Oracle released several major versions that added new functionality, such as Oracle 12c which was designed for cloud computing. A database server is the key to solving problems of information management by allowing storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data.
● Why Databases?
● Why Database Design is Important?
● The Database System Environment and Functions.
● Managing the Database System: A Shift in Focus.
A database is a collection of logically related data organized for convenient access, usually by programs for specific purposes. A DBMS is software that allows users to define, construct and manipulate databases for various applications. The database and DBMS together form a database system. A DBMS provides advantages like reducing data redundancy and inconsistency, restricting unauthorized access, and enforcing data integrity and security.
DBMS - Database Management System, Data and Database, DBMS meaning, Why DBMS?, Characteristics of DBMS, Types of DBMS- Hierarchical DBMS, Network DBMS, Relational DBMS, Object-oriented DBMS, Applications of DBMS, Popular DBMS Software, Advantages of DBMS, disadvantages of DBMS.
A distributed database is a collection of logically interrelated databases distributed over a computer network. A distributed database management system (DDBMS) manages the distributed database and makes the distribution transparent to users. There are two main types of DDBMS - homogeneous and heterogeneous. Key characteristics of distributed databases include replication of fragments, shared logically related data across sites, and each site being controlled by a DBMS. Challenges include complex management, security, and increased storage requirements due to data replication.
This document provides an overview and introduction to a lecture on database management systems (DBMS). It discusses how companies are increasingly data-driven and how this class will teach the basics of using and managing data. The lecture will cover the motivation for studying DBMS, an overview of the subject, and course logistics. The goal is for students to understand fundamental database concepts and be able to design, query, and build applications with databases.
This document discusses different types of data models, including object based models like entity relationship and object oriented models, physical models that describe how data is stored, and record based logical models. It specifically mentions hierarchical, network, and relational models as examples of record based logical data models. The purpose of data models is to represent and make data understandable by specifying rules for database construction, allowed data operations, and integrity.
The document discusses different database models including hierarchical, network, relational, entity-relationship, object-oriented, object-relational, and semi-structured models. It provides details on the characteristics, structures, advantages and disadvantages of each model. It also includes examples and diagrams to illustrate concepts like hierarchical structure, network structure, relational schema, entity relationship diagrams, object oriented diagrams, and XML schema. The document appears to be teaching materials for a database management course that provides an overview of various database models.
This document provides an overview of basic database concepts including:
- Definitions of data, information, and databases
- Components of database systems like users, software, hardware, and data
- Data models including entity-relationship, hierarchical, network, and relational models
- Database architecture types such as centralized, client-server, and distributed
- Advantages and disadvantages of database management systems
This document discusses database management systems. It defines a database and explains that a DBMS allows users to define, create and maintain a database while providing controlled access. A DBMS bridges the gap between data and information by converting stored data into usable information. The main components of a database system are the people, hardware, software and data. A DBMS provides advantages like reduced redundancy, data integrity and security. However, it also faces limitations such as high costs, potential for data loss if the database fails, and challenges in ensuring data privacy and quality with many users.
A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. In one view, databases can be classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images.....
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) distributes data across multiple disks to improve performance and provide redundancy. The common characteristics of RAID levels are that multiple physical disks act as a single logical disk, data is distributed across disks, and redundant parity information is used to recover data if a disk fails. RAID level 0 stripes data without parity for increased speed but no fault tolerance, while RAID level 1 uses mirroring to provide redundancy by writing all data to two disks.
Data can be defined as raw facts and figures that can be organized later on. Database is the collection of coherent meaningful data. The full form of DBMS is Database Management System. It is the grouping of related data, records whereas management system is the collection of programs for saving and retrieving the data records. DBMS can be defined as collection of programs which are required to store as well as access the data in efficient and easy way. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Database Management System:- http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/computer-science/database-management-system.aspx
An overview of the Database Management System, various uses and applications of database, internal architecture of popular RDBMS servers and thier features
Database Management System IntroductionSmriti Jain
The document discusses key concepts in databases including:
- Data refers to raw facts and details, while entities are things that data describes with attributes.
- A record combines all details of an entity, files group related records, and a database collects logically related files and records.
- A database management system (DBMS) enables users to define, create and maintain databases and provides flexible data management.
- DBMS benefits include centralized data control, consistency, sharing, and independence from applications.
This document provides an introduction to database management systems (DBMS). It defines a database as an organized collection of data and explains that a DBMS is software that allows for the storage, organization, and retrieval of data from a database. The document then discusses different database models including hierarchical, network, relational, and object-oriented models. It provides examples and discusses advantages and disadvantages of each model.
This document discusses distributed database management systems (DDBMS). It outlines the evolution of DDBMS from centralized systems to today's distributed systems over the internet. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of DDBMS, components of DDBMS including transaction processors and data processors, and levels of data and process distribution including single-site, multiple-site, and fully distributed systems. It also discusses concepts like distribution transparency, transaction transparency, and distributed concurrency control in DDBMS.
The document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS). It defines DBMS as software that creates, organizes, and manages databases. It discusses key DBMS concepts like data models, schemas, instances, and database languages. Components of a database system including users, software, hardware, and data are described. Popular DBMS examples like Oracle, SQL Server, and MS Access are listed along with common applications of DBMS in various industries.
The document discusses database management systems (DBMS). It defines a database as a collection of related data and describes a DBMS as software that enables users to create, maintain and share databases. It provides an example of a university database with files for students, courses, grades and prerequisites. It outlines key characteristics of the database approach such as self-describing nature, insulation between programs and data, support of multiple views, and sharing of data.
The document discusses database management systems (DBMS). It explains that a DBMS is software that stores and manages databases to provide benefits like data independence, efficient access, integrity and security. It also discusses key DBMS concepts like data models, schemas, transactions, concurrency control and ensuring atomicity through logging. DB application development and database administration are important roles supported by a DBMS.
The document discusses key concepts related to databases and database management systems. It defines a database as a collection of organized data and a database management system as a computer program that allows for creating, accessing, managing and controlling databases. It describes three common data models - relational, network and hierarchical - and explains some fundamental database concepts like tables, keys, relations and normalization.
This document provides information about free training offered by Sayed Ahmed and Justetc Technologies. It includes learning objectives on database concepts like the relational database model, creating databases, data security, and querying databases using SQL. Key topics covered are what a database is, the role of a database management system, advantages of using a relational model to store data, and common data types for fields in databases.
The document provides an introduction to database management systems. It discusses key concepts such as the purpose of DBMSs, data models, database languages, database design, storage and query processing. It also describes common DBMS components like the data dictionary and different types of database users. Overall, the document serves as a high-level overview of database management systems and lays the foundation for further exploration of topics within this domain.
The document provides an introduction to databases and database management systems. It discusses key concepts such as data, information, database files, tables, fields, records, primary keys, and foreign keys. It also describes different types of databases and applications of database management systems. Finally, it covers topics like planning a database, database users, security, and integrity.
The document provides an overview of information systems and databases as covered in the HSC course. It discusses different types of information systems and focuses on organizing, storing, and retrieving data with database systems. It describes skills needed to analyze database information systems and provides examples to practice these skills. Finally, it covers topics like database design, data storage and retrieval methods, and some social and ethical issues related to information systems.
A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of software programs that manage data stored in a database. It allows for data storage, organization, manipulation, and retrieval. Popular DBMS programs include MS Access, Oracle, MySQL, and SQL Server. The relational database model organizes data into tables with rows and columns and defines relationships between tables. A relational database management system (RDBMS) uses this model and provides security, concurrency control, and other features to make database access and management easier.
This document discusses database management systems and relational databases. It begins by explaining that a relational database stores data in multiple tables that are linked through common fields. It then defines key concepts like tuples, relations, attributes, and keys. It describes the relational data model and relational database management systems. It also discusses data types that can be used in databases like numeric, alphanumeric, binary, and date/time. Finally, it defines different types of keys used in databases like primary and foreign keys.
A database management system (DBMS) is a software system that is used to create and manage databases. It allows users to define, create, maintain and control access to the database. There are four main types of DBMS: hierarchical, network, relational and object-oriented. A DBMS provides advantages like improved data sharing, security and integration. It also enables better access to data and decision making. However, DBMS also have disadvantages such as increased costs, management complexity and the need to constantly maintain and upgrade the system.
A field is a category of information in a table represented by a column. A record consists of related fields arranged in a row. A file is a named collection of data organized into tables, queries, forms and reports that together form a database.
Introduction to database with ms access(DBMS)07HetviBhagat
A database is an organized collection of structured data stored electronically in a computer system. The document discusses database components including hardware, software, data, procedures, and access languages. It provides examples of database systems like MS Access and how it can be used to create tables, enter and query data, and perform other operations. Key database terms are defined such as entities, attributes, relationships, and database administrators' roles and responsibilities. Advantages and disadvantages of database management systems are also outlined.
Introduction to database with ms access.hetvii07HetviBhagat
A database is usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS). MS Access is a popular DBMS that allows users to create and manage databases. The document discusses various components of a database such as tables, queries, forms and reports. It provides information on how to create an MS Access database, add tables, enter data, create relationships between tables, write queries to extract data, and build forms and reports. The key aspects covered are data modeling using entity relationship diagrams, normalizing data to reduce redundancy, and performing common database operations like importing, exporting and analyzing data in MS Access.
Databases have become important for organizing data in modern organizations. A database contains tables with records and fields to store related data. Database management systems allow users to create, access, and modify this data. Emerging trends include client/server systems that split databases onto servers and client computers, object-oriented databases that treat database components as reusable objects, data mining that analyzes stored data to understand customers and business, and linking web applications to organizational databases.
Detailed slides of data resource management. The relationships among the many individual data elements stored in databases are based on one of several logical data structures, or models.
This document provides an introduction to database concepts. It defines what a database is and gives examples. It also defines key database terminology like data, fields, records, tables, and relationships. Additionally, it discusses the history of databases from manual systems to file processing systems to modern database management systems. DBMSs allow for centralized, organized data storage and retrieval and overcome many of the limitations of earlier data storage methods. The document also briefly describes different types of database models and relational database concepts like tables, primary keys, and foreign keys.
The document provides an introduction to database management systems (DBMS). It defines what a database and DBMS are, and explains that a DBMS allows users to define, create, and manipulate databases for applications. It also discusses some key components of a DBMS environment, including software, hardware, data, procedures, and database access languages like SQL. The document compares traditional file-based data storage with DBMS approaches and outlines some benefits DBMS provide like reduced redundancy, improved data integrity and sharing, and increased accessibility.
Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment
File organization Term and Concepts
Computer system organizes data in a hierarchy
Bit: Smallest unit of data; binary digit (0,1)
Byte: Group of bits that represents a single character
Field: Group of characters as word(s) or number
Record: Group of related fields
File: Group of records of same type
This document discusses databases and database management systems. It begins by describing the history of record keeping and how computer databases evolved from manual file systems. It then defines what a database and DBMS are, and lists some of their key advantages like data independence and integrity. The document outlines the main components of a DBMS, including the conceptual and physical levels of data abstraction. It also introduces some common data models, focusing on the relational model and entity-relationship model. Finally, it provides examples of how data is structured in tables within the relational model.
The document provides an introduction to databases including:
- The structure of databases and the hierarchy of data types
- The differences between file-based and database approaches
- The components of a database system including the database, DBMS, applications, users, and tools
- The purposes of using a database including storing, finding, and analyzing information
The document introduces databases and their components. It defines key terms like data, information, database, DBMS, and discusses the evolution from file-based systems to database systems. The main advantages of database systems are minimal data redundancy, sharing of data across systems, improved data consistency when values are stored and updated in one place.
1. A database is a collection of logically related data organized in tables, rows, and columns. It allows for easy access, management, and updating of information.
2. Data is raw facts and figures that can be processed by computers, while information is systematic and meaningful data used for decision making.
3. There are many types of databases including relational, NoSQL, cloud, object-oriented, and hierarchical databases. Relational databases store data in tables and use SQL, while NoSQL databases store flexible data types.
Data can include facts about objects like names, ages, and files. A database is a systematic collection of data that supports electronic storage and manipulation of data to make data management easy. Examples of databases include online telephone directories, utility billing systems, and social media platforms like Facebook that store user profiles, friends, activities, and more. Databases come in different types including distributed, relational, object-oriented, centralized, open-source, cloud, data warehouses, NoSQL, graph, OLTP, personal, multimodal, document/JSON, hierarchical, and network databases.
This document discusses data collection, usage, and ethics in the workplace. It notes that employers commonly collect data from employee smartphones, computers, wearables and other devices including screenshots, location data, social media activity, emails and keystrokes. However, employees have expressed privacy and ethical concerns over employers' data collection and usage practices. While data collection can benefit employers for purposes like improving productivity and engagement, employees do not fully trust how employers will use their data and want more transparency around data practices to protect their privacy and rights. The document advocates for reliable data systems in the workplace with proper management of data and respect for law, ethics and gaining employee trust.
Python py charm anaconda jupyter installation and basic commandsSayed Ahmed
PyCharm and Anaconda are popular tools for Python development that provide integrated development environments (IDEs). PyCharm is an IDE that has features like code windows, project views, error views, and a Python console. It allows installing additional modules. Anaconda also provides an IDE with a Jupyter notebook for executing Python code line-by-line. Both tools make Python development easier by bundling commonly used packages and allowing visual coding and debugging.
[not edited] Demo on mobile app development using ionic frameworkSayed Ahmed
This document provides a summary of a demo on mobile app development using the Ionic framework:
1. The demo installs Ionic and its dependencies like Node.js, Cordova, JDK, and the Android SDK to allow for mobile app creation.
2. Using Ionic tools, a basic starter mobile app is generated and pushed to GitHub for version control.
3. Platform support is added for Android, and the app is tested in the browser using Ionic tools.
4. Existing mobile app code for a site is imported and integrated to demonstrate a complete Ionic mobile app that can be built for deployment.
This document provides instructions for installing SAP HANA, Express Edition on-premise or in the cloud. It explains that the on-premise installation involves downloading the installation manager and following the steps in section 1A. The cloud installation involves choosing from options like SAP Cloud Appliance Library, Google Cloud Platform, Microsoft Azure Marketplace or Docker Store and following the links in section 1B. It also provides a link to the SAP Community Network for help on getting started with the installation and configuration.
The document discusses various risks involved in stock market investing and strategies to mitigate those risks. It recommends diversifying investments across different asset classes like real estate, stocks, bonds and preferred shares. Specific tips include not trying to time the market or rely on a single stock or asset, staying invested for the long-term through market cycles, and maintaining a diversified portfolio that includes both real estate and stock market investments.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Web API. It discusses what Web API is, how it compares to other technologies like SOAP and WCF, when to use Web API versus other options, and examples of creating a basic Web API using ASP.NET. Key points covered include that Web API makes it easy to build HTTP services for a broad range of clients, it is ideal for building RESTful applications, and examples demonstrate creating a Web API with controllers and consuming it using jQuery.
Whm and cpanel overview hosting control panel overviewSayed Ahmed
The document provides an overview and demonstration of the WHM and cPanel hosting control panels. It discusses some of the key features like creating email accounts, managing databases, backups, and security modules. The demonstration shows various sections for managing servers, domains, and hosting accounts. It also provides contact information for additional services offered related to hosting, software development, and online training.
Web application development using zend frameworkSayed Ahmed
The document provides an overview of developing web applications and web services using the Zend Framework. It discusses the key features of Zend Framework, including its object-oriented PHP architecture, support for MVC patterns, and components for forms, authentication, authorization and database abstraction. It then outlines the basic steps for creating a sample project using Zend Framework, such as setting up the project structure, configuring the application, defining controllers and views.
This document provides an overview of HTML and web development. It introduces HTML, describes common HTML tags and page sections, and discusses how to design web page layouts. It also outlines the steps to publish a website, including domain registration, hosting, and search engine optimization. The document lists various web servers and provides video links on client-side and server-side programming and building a simple website. Contact information and links to free online training resources are also included.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on website development. It discusses the structure and layout of websites, including hierarchical, linked, sequential, and hybrid structures. It also covers the differences between static and dynamic websites and the languages used to create each type. Examples of videos related to website development are provided. Contact information for the instructor and information about free training opportunities from Justetc Technologies are listed at the end.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to web design including:
- The structure of websites and webpages
- Common elements such as domains, URLs, and web browsers
- An introduction to HTML and publishing webpages
- Client-side and server-side programming
- Examples of the presenter's websites for training and education
This document outlines various keyboard shortcuts for the Visual Studio IDE related to finding and replacing text, debugging code, and navigating code. Some of the key shortcuts include Ctrl+F to find text, F5 to start debugging, F10 to step over code, F11 to step into code, and Ctrl+Shift+F to find text across files.
Virtualization refers to the creation of virtual versions of hardware platforms, operating systems, storage devices and network resources. There are different types of virtualization including hardware virtualization, which creates virtual machines that act like physical computers running their own guest operating systems. Other types are desktop virtualization, software virtualization, memory virtualization, storage virtualization, data virtualization, and network virtualization. Virtualization provides benefits like consolidating resources and isolating systems.
The document discusses fundamentals of game user interface design. It covers topics like general principles of interface design, processes for designing interfaces, interaction models, camera models, common visual and audio elements, and input devices. The document emphasizes that the user interface is crucial to the player experience and satisfaction with the game. It provides guidance on informing players of necessary information, enabling player actions, and managing complexity in interfaces.
This document provides resources for learning the Unreal game engine including video tutorials from the Unreal Development Network on topics like user interfaces, content browsers, importing objects, view port options, sound effects, physics, and UI scenes. It also provides a link to a tutorial on creating a first map file in Unreal and links to the overall Unreal documentation.
Unit tests in Symfony verify that individual methods and functions work properly while functional tests check overall application behavior. Unit tests are stored in the test/unit/ directory and functional tests are stored in test/functional/. Popular testing libraries for Symfony include Lime and PHPUnit. Lime tests methods by calling functions with inputs and comparing outputs to expected results. Code coverage tools help ensure all code is tested by checking which lines are executed by tests.
This document discusses installing and setting up a Telerik reporting project example. It mentions downloading sample code and the Telerik reporting tool from their website. It then notes opening the project in Visual Studio, which complained about reporting, so the reporting tool was downloaded and will be installed.
The document discusses the history and development of business analysis as a profession. It emerged in the 1980s-1990s during the information technology boom, as businesses needed a new way to analyze changes brought about by advances in information management and communication. The document outlines the key knowledge areas, responsibilities, and skills of business analysts. It also discusses the relationship between business analysts and project managers, and provides resources for further reading.
The document discusses using Doctrine as an ORM (object-relational mapper) with Symfony. It explains how Doctrine can map database tables to PHP classes to allow interacting with the database using objects. It provides details on using YAML files to define the schema and configure the database connection. It also describes generating models, SQL, fixtures and modules to provide basic CRUD functionality using the defined models.
The document discusses various topics related to storytelling and narrative in game design, including how to weave a story into a game without overwhelming gameplay. It examines linear and non-linear storytelling, scripted conversations, and episodic storytelling. Key concepts covered include interactive stories, narrative, branching stories, and balancing narrative with gameplay.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
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Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
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Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
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Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
5. Free Training by Justetc
Training and Education in Bangla:
http://Bangla.SaLearningSchool.com
http://Blog. SaLearningSchool.com
Training and Education in English:
http://www.SaLearningSchool.com
http://English.SaLearningSchool.com
http://www.SitesTree.com
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6. Learning Objectives
Concept of Database and Database
Management System
Activities of a Database Management
System
What is a Relational Database
Management System
Features of Relational Database
Management System
7. Learning Objectives
Create database
Concept and explain the importance of
Data Security
Data Encryption
Importance
Methods
Querying Database: Query Language:
SQL
Uses of Databases
8. What is a Database?
Database means
Data storage
A good/organized/efficient way of storing data
You can store all the information of a library into
a database
How are information stored in computers?
In files; you know it when you learn to use
computers
Files are stored in computer hard drives, USB
sticks, memory cards
9. What is a Database
Is there anything different of storing data
by a database
Not much, databases also store data in files
However, a database stores data in files in a
very organized way so that it becomes easir
to
○ Insert new data into the file/files
○ Easier to search, sort, and retrieve data from
those files
10. What is a Database
Let’s see, you can store all information
of a bank in a computer file
All bank account information
All employee information
All account holder information
All branch and department information
You can keep them in a single file; but can
be very difficult to find something useful fast;
also inserting data and managing the file
can be difficult
11. What is a Database
Now you can store all data in multiple files; just
divide the original file into multiple files;
○ Still if you do not organize the files or the data in them,
it can be very difficult to work with them
○ In a database, information are kept eventually in
computer files
However, a database will use a good strategy on how to store
those data into files
Databases will store the data in many files
Will store in such a way so that it becomes easier to work with
the files and the data
In real life, we have systems and software that knows about
the strategy and helps to deal with those files and data for
efficient storing, searching, retrieving, doing operations on the
data and store the result in the same databse
- We call such systems and software to the Database
Management System
12. What is a database
One strategy
Keep one type of data into one file
○ Such as in one file, store all bank account holders
personal information
○ In another file, keep the details of all the bank accounts
○ In another file, keep the association between these
accounts and account holders
○ If the number of records in a file is two many, divide the
files into multiple files but keeping the same type of
information; find a way to keep track which files are
related
○ Create some other files to keep track of which files
store what
○ Create some other files that can store the
location/address/position of a particular data in other
files [index file]
13. What is a Database Management
System
If we have software that implements the
strategy described above, can be called a
DBMS
When we feed data into it, if it can store the
data using that strategy and provides ways
to manipulate the data in an efficient way
Then we can call this software to be a DBMS
DBMSes usually display data in tabular format
(row/column - format)
14. Database and Database Management
Systems
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A database
is an organized collection of data. The data are typically organized to
model relevant aspects of reality in a way that supports processes
requiring this information. For example, modeling the availability of
rooms in hotels in a way that supports finding a hotel with vacancies
Database management systems (DBMSs)
are specially designed applications that interact with the user, other
applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A
general-purpose database management system (DBMS) is a software
system designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and
administration of databases. Well-known DBMSs include MySQL,
PostgreSQL, SQLite, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, Oracle,
SAP, dBASE, FoxPro, IBM DB2, LibreOffice Base and FileMaker Pro. A
database is not generally portable across different DBMS, but different
DBMSs can inter-operate by using standards such as SQL and ODBC or
JDBC to allow a single application to work with more than one database.
15. Activities provided by a
DBMS
DBMS can create a database
i.e. Create the initial structure of the database
Allocate space and saves the database in the hard
drive
Control who can use a database
Take data from user and record and store it
somehow
Organize data
In meta files or in actual data files
Provide means to search and display the data
Provide security of the data
Maintain the integrity of the data
16. Advantages of a DBMS
Improved availability
To different users, efficient retrieval of data
Minimized redundancy
Data are organized in a way so that the same
data are not stored in multiple places/files
Accuracy
Can keep data consistent as 1. redundancy
reduced and 2. data is available through one
interface (DBMS interface)
17. Advantages of a DBMS
Program and file consistency
Standardizes the storing of data; so
others can use it easily
User-friendly
Easier to deal with [usually provide
friendly interface]
Improved security
Control who can access the database
18. Relational Database Model
Just a strategy to store and manipulate
data
The strategy we talked about indirectly refers to
relational model
Based on relational model
What is a relational model?
○ it is a method of structuring data using relations,
which are grid-like/matrix-like mathematical
structures consisting of columns and rows
Table is the physical manifestation of a relation in a
database
So data are stored in tables (row/column wise) in
Relational Database Models
19. Relational Database Model
It is composed of one or more tables [to
represent data]
Tables also represent the
relations/associations of different related
data
So here, we have tables of data
Tables has columns called fields
Tables are linked/related to other related
tables by common columns/fields
Primary key/foreign key concept
20. Relational Model for A
Library
Books: Book Information
Id, title, published, price
Authors: Author Information
Id, name, SIN, address
Members: member information
Id, name, SIN, address, phone, email
Book-Borrowers:
Relation between books and members
Bookid, memberid, date
22. Features of Relational
DBMS
Provide easy ways to create tables
Provide easy ways to create relations
among tables
Provide ways to insert, update, search data
in a table or from multiple tables
Provide ways to validate data at insertion
Provides language such as SQL for data
insertion, update, and search
Support multiple views of data
24. Usage of Relational DBMS
Airlines reservation system
Banking management system
Online banking system
Hospital operation management
systems
Library management system
25. Creating Databases
What does it involves?
In DBMS, usually there is an option to create
database
It may ask for initial size of the database
How to increment the size of the database
Character encoding of the database
Model to use for creating the database
(relational, object oriented)
Security/access control for the database
Path to store the database files
Then it will create the basic structure of the
database and store it in hardd rive.
26. Creating Databases
The basic element of database creation is
fields/columns
You have to identify the different concepts/object
and relations among concepts [in the system]
For each, concept/object, you have to identify
fields
Then create tables for each of the concepts (and
for relations sometimes)
For each table define the fields/columns
Identify data types and length for each
column/field and specify it when creating tables
27. Data Types for Fields
Numeric
Byte
Bit
Int
Long
Double
float
28. Data Types for Fields
Text
Text
Char
Varchar
Date, DateTime
Currency
29. Query Language: SQL
Types
Select
○ Selecting data by table fields
Parameter
○ Query by filling information in dialog bixes
Crosstab
○ Based on conditions
Action
○ Delete, update, append
30. Sorting and Indexing
Sorting
Is to arrange/sort data
○ Low to high: Ascending
1, 2, 3, 4..100
A ant boy cat
○ High to low: descending
100,99,98....1
Cat boy ant a
31. Indexing
Create an index (information about the
position) of the data
Indexing is not actually sorting the data but
keeping track of the locations of the data
Index can keep track of the data
by ascending values or in descending values (of
the data)
i.e. In index file there will be positions/addresses
of the data, the addresses will be kept in the
order of the values of the data
32. Indexing
Data
4
2
100
50
Index of the data in ascending value of
the data
2, 1, 4, 3
33. Indexing
Advantages
Can help to find the data faster when index
by one field
Increases the performance of different
database opertions
Disadvantages
More ram used
Data entry can take time
When index with multiple fields, data editing
can take longer
35. Relation Types
Degree of relations
Unary -1
Binary – 2
Ternary – 3
Relation Types: among tables
(concepts/objects in the system)
One to one
One to Many or Many to One
Many to Many
36. Use of Database for
Government
E-government
E-governance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-Governance
E-Governance is the application of Information
and Communication Technology (ICT) for
delivering government services, exchange of
information communication transactions,
integration of various stand-alone systems and
services between Government-to-Citizens
(G2C), Government-to-
Business(G2B),Government-to-Government(
G2G) as well as back office processes and
interactions within the entire government frame
work.
37. E-government
E-government
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-Government
E-Government (short for electronic government, also
known as e-gov, Internet government, digital
government, online government, or connected
government) is digital interactions between a government
and citizens (G2C), government and
businesses/Commerce (G2B), government and
employees (G2E), and also between government and
governments /agencies (G2G). Essentially, the e-
Government delivery models can be briefly summed up as
(Jeong, 2007):[1]
G2C (Government to Citizens)
G2B (Government to Businesses)
G2E (Government to Employees)
G2G (Government to Governments)
C2G (Citizens to Governments)
38. Data Security
Data is important for an organization or
government or a person
Data should not be able to be accessed
by unauthorized person
Data when stored in the office or when
transferred over the internet, it should
not be able to be accessed by
unauthorized person such as hackers,
or competitors
39. Methods to Provide Data
Security
Restrict access to the computer
(password protect)
Restrict access to the database
(password protect)
Use firewalls so that outsiders cannot
access
While sending data encrypt(unreadbale
format) data
40. Data Encryption
Changing/converting the data to
unreadable format while transferring
Usually using some methods/algorithms
data are encrypted.
Some encryption methods use keys
Encryption Ingredients
Plaintext : text to be sent
Ciphertext : encryted text
Encryption algorithm : method to encrypt
Key : used in encryption or decryption
41. Encryption Types
Types
Secret-key encryption
Public-key encryption
Secret-key encryption
Same key used for encryption and decryption
Both sender and receiver know the key
Public-key encryption
Sender: one key to encrypt : private to sender
Receiver: another key to decrypt : private to
receiver
One more key, known to both