Dangers from surface & underground water and precautionary measures including statutory provisions and various conditions suggested by D.G.M.S. from time to time.

1. Dangers from surface &Dangers from surface &
Underground waterUnderground water
भूतल और भू मगत पानीभूतल और भू मगत पानी से खतरेसे खतरे
Rathin Biswas रथीन ब वास
Manager (Mining) बंधक (खनन)
RMD Training Centre आरएमडी श ण क
Raw Materials Division क चा माल भाग
Steel Authority of India Limited ट ल अथॉ रट ऑफ इं डया ल मटेड

2. Session ObjectiveSession Objective स उ े यस उ े य
On completion of this session the participants will
understand the follows –
इस स के पूरा होने पर तभा गय को न न ल खत मद को
समझ जाएगा-
• Requirement of Hydrological study in Open Pit
• ओपन पट म जल व युत अ ययन क आव यकता
• Recent Accidents due to inundation• Recent Accidents due to inundation
• इनंडेशन के कारण हा लया दुघटनाएं
• Dangers from surface & Underground water
• भूतल और भू मगत पानी से खतरे
• Statutory provisions and DGMS advisory for Water Danger
• वैधा नक ावधान और डीजीएमएस जल खतरे के लए सलाह
• Role of Workmen Inspectors for Precautionary measures from
Water Danger
• जल खतरे से सावधानी पूवक उपाय के लए मक नर क क
भू मका11/6/2018 2

3. Hydrological study in Open pitHydrological study in Open pit
खुल खदानखुल खदान म जल व युत अ ययनम जल व युत अ ययन
The presence of ground water in a rock slope can have a detrimental effect
upon stability for the following reasons:
रॉक ढलान म भूजल क उपि थ त के कारण न न ल खत कारण से ि थरता पर
हा नकारक भाव हो सकता है
• Water pressure reduces the stability of the slopes
•पानी के दबाव ढलान क ि थरता को कम कर देता है
• Changes in moisture content of some rock, cause accelerated weathering
and a decrease in shear strength.
•कु छ च ान क नमी साम ी म प रवतन, तेज मौसम और कतरनी क ताकत म कमी का•कु छ च ान क नमी साम ी म प रवतन, तेज मौसम और कतरनी क ताकत म कमी का
कारण बनता है
• Freezing of ground water can cause wedging in water-filled fissures due to
temperature dependent volume changes in the ice.
बफ म तापमान नभर मा ा म प रवतन के कारण भूजल के ठंड से पानी से भरे फशर म
वेिजंग हो सकती है
• Erosion of weathered rock by surface water, and of low strength infillings by
ground water can result in local instability.
•सतह के पानी से कमजोर च ान का रण, और भूजल वारा कम ताकत के infillings के
प रणाम व प थानीय अि थरता हो सकती है
• Excavation costs can be increased when working below the water table.
जलरोधक के नीचे काम करते समय खुदाई लागत म वृ क जा सकती है।11/6/2018 3

4. WaterWater managementmanagement जल बंधनजल बंधन
Water sources जल ोत
• Mine water खान पानी
• Decant water छानना पानी
• Under drainage water जल
नकासी के नीचे के पानी
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• Under drainage water जल
नकासी के नीचे के पानी
• Storm water runoff तूफानी
जल वाह

5. Ground WaterGround Water & Surface Water& Surface Water
भूजल और भूतल जलभूजल और भूतल जल
• Groundwater is the water located
beneath the earth's surface in soil pore
spaces and in the fractures of rock
formations.
• भूजल म ी के छ क जगह और च ान
संरचनाओं के ै चर म पृ वी क सतह के
नीचे ि थत पानी है।
संरचनाओं के ै चर म पृ वी क सतह के
नीचे ि थत पानी है।
• Surface Water (Rain water) generated
both in the pit and in the adjacent
surface facilities area.
• भूतल जल (वषा जल) ओपनका ट और
आस न सतह सु वधाओं े म दोन उ प न
हुआ।
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6. Water Management SystemWater Management System
जल बंधन णालजल बंधन णाल
The water management system operates to:
• reduce the volumes of water that require treatment
• to reuse and recycle water where possible
• to provide adequate containment systems and alarming to
minimise the risk of an out-of-specification discharge
• provide buffer storage and pumping facilities to ensure that
the site can cope with large rainfall events
• manage the flows to the water treatment plant to ensure
that the above objectives are met
• manage the flows to the water treatment plant to ensure
that the above objectives are met
• treat water at the water treatment plant and the reverse
osmosis plant, and discharge the treated water to nearby
River, subject to a number of conditions as stipulated in the
resource consents
• carry out monitoring and inspections to ensure that the
objectives of the water management system are being met,
and that compliance with the relevant consent conditions is
being achieved.
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7. InstrumentationInstrumentation उपकरणउपकरण
• Piezometer दबाव
नापने का यं
• Water Level
Indicator जल तर
संके तकसंके तक
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8. PiezometerPiezometer
Typical applications for piezometers are:
• Monitoring pore water pressures to determine
safe rates of fill or excavation.
• Monitoring pore water pressures to evaluate
slope stability.
• Monitoring dewatering systems used for
excavations.excavations.
• Monitoring ground improvement systems, such
as vertical drains and sand drains.
• Monitoring pore pressures to check the
performance of earth-fill dams and
embankments.
• Monitoring pore pressures to check
containment systems at landfills and tailings
dams.
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9. TypesTypes ofof PiezometersPiezometers
• Standpipe piezometer
• Peumatic piezometer
• Vibrating wire piezometer
• Multi-level VW piezometer
system
• Vented Vibrating Wire• Vented Vibrating Wire
Pressure Transducers
• Titanium Pressure Transducer
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10. Water LevelWater Level IndicatorIndicator
• Applications
– The water level indicator is used to measure
water levels in standpipes and wells
• Operation
– The indicator consists of a probe, a cable with
laser-marked graduations, and a cable reel. The
hub of the cable reel contains batteries,
electronics, a bright LED lamp, and a beeper.electronics, a bright LED lamp, and a beeper.
– The operator lowers the probe into the standpipe
or well. When the probe contacts the surface of
the water, the LED illuminates and the beeper
sounds. The operator then reads the depth-to-
water measurement from graduations on the
cable
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11. Accidents due to InundationAccidents due to Inundation
इनंडेशन के कारण दुघटनाएंइनंडेशन के कारण दुघटनाएं
• More than 800 fatality in 32 Accidents in Indian Mines due to
Inundation in this century
• इस शता द म इनंडेशन के कारण भारतीय खान म 32 दुघटनाओं म 800
से यादा मौत हु
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12. Accidents due to InundationAccidents due to Inundation
• The worst-ever disaster in the history of mining in
India, 375 coal miners were buried alive under tons of
water and earth at the Chasnala colliery on December
27, 1975
• Mahabir Colliery of M/s Eastern Coalfields Ltd. on 13th
November, 1989, killing six persons. Sixty five
persons were rapped and were rescued after almostpersons were rapped and were rescued after almost
seventy five hours.
• Gaslitand Colliery of M/s Bharat Coking Coal Limited
on 27th September, 1995 causing loss of 64 lives
• Bagdigi Colliery of M/s. Bharat Coking Coal Limited
on 2nd February, 2001 causing loss of 29 lives
• Central Saunda Colliery of M/s Central Coalfields Ltd.,
on 15th June, 2005 causing loss of 14 lives
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13. Mine Safety LegislationMine Safety Legislation
Mines Act, 1952
Regulations
(depends on
Mine type)
The Metalliferous Mines Regulations,
1961
Mines Rules,
1955
Mines Vocational
Training Rules,
1966
Mines Rescue
Rules, 1985
Mines Creche
Rules, 1966
(MMR, 2018 Draft Notified)
The Coal Mines Regulations, 2017
The Oil Mines Regulations, 2017
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14. Statutory ProvisionsStatutory Provisions
• Water Danger Plan Reg 61 (1) (f) of
the MMR, 1961 (Reg 67 (1) (g) of the
Draft MMR, 2018)
• Danger from Surface Water Reg. 127
of the MMR, 1961 (Reg 145 of theof the MMR, 1961 (Reg 145 of the
Draft MMR, 2018)
• Danger from underground inundation
Reg. 128 of the MMR, 1961(Reg 146
of the Draft MMR, 2018)
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15. Water Danger PlanWater Danger Plan
Water-danger plan and section need to show-
• Underground working, borehole and shaft, excavation and air
passage…
• Position of dyke, fault and other geological disturbance with throw
• Every source of water such as river, stream, water-course,
reservoir, water-logged opencast workings on the surface, and
also the outline of all water-logged workings belowground lying
within 60 metres of any part of the workings measured in anywithin 60 metres of any part of the workings measured in any
direction ;
• Every reservoir, dam or other structure, either above or
belowground, constructed to withstand a pressure of water or to
control in inrush of water
• Surface contour lines drawn at vertical intervals (five metres for
UG, ten metres –Open Pit plane land, Hilly terrain- asper DGMS
permission)
• Highest flood level of the area.
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16. Danger from Surface WaterDanger from Surface Water
• Reg. 127 of the MMR, 1961 (Reg 145 of the
Draft MMR, 2018) states that-
• Adequate protection should taken against
any chance of inrush of surface water that
create a potential danger.
• No workings shall be made in any mine• No workings shall be made in any mine
vertically below any part of any river, canal,
lake, tank or other surface reservoir; or any
spot lying within a horizontal distance of 15
metres from either bank of a river or canal or
from the boundary of a lake, tank or other
surface reservoir;
• Special permission to be taken for this.11/6/2018 16

17. Danger from undergroundDanger from underground
inundationinundation
• Reg. 128 of the MMR, 1961 (Reg 146 of the
Draft MMR, 2018) states that-
• Proper provision shall be made in every mine
to prevent irruption of water other liquid
matter from the workings of the same mine or
of an adjoining mine.of an adjoining mine.
• No working which has approached within a
distance of 60 metres (or heavy seepage
noticed) of any disused or abandoned
workings
• Special permission to be taken for this.
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18. DGMS CircularsDGMS Circulars
• Circular 30 of 1969 states the requirement
of Water Danger Plan for the Mines
• Circular Tech. 1 of 1976 detailed the
requirement of water danger Plan
• Circular Tech 2 of 1978 suggested the• Circular Tech 2 of 1978 suggested the
“Precautions against danger of inundation
from surface water”
• Circular No. DGMS/SOMA/(Tech) 6 of 2004
suggest “Monsoon preparation and
Precaution against danger of inundation
from surface water”
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19. FIRST CONFERENCE ONFIRST CONFERENCE ON
SAFETY IN MINESSAFETY IN MINES
• First Conference on Safety in Mines Recommended for
“Danger of inundation”-
• To improve the standard of survey.
• Correlation survey before abandonment of mines and
check surveys of all underground workings once in every 5
years.
• To Prepare Water Danger Plan in respect of all underground• To Prepare Water Danger Plan in respect of all underground
workings showing all reservoirs of water lying within 60m
of any workings.
• Construction of water-dams should be carried out under
the direction of a suitably qualified senior member of
supervisory staff.
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20. NINTH CONFERENCE ONNINTH CONFERENCE ON
SAFETY IN MINESSAFETY IN MINES
• Ninth Conference on Safety in Mines Recommended for “Preventing Mine disasters
from inundation ”-
• Each mine shall be critically examined for its proneness to inundation and
assessment regarding danger of inundation and precautions to be taken should be
reviewed and updated yearly preferably before the onset of the monsoon. The
recommendations may be deliberated in the (Pit) Safety Committee of the mine and
information disseminated as widely as possible.
• Drilling advance boreholes to detect presence of waterlogged workings in advance.
• Embankments provided against river and jore.
• Surface excavation or disturbance in or near major sources of water should be filled• Surface excavation or disturbance in or near major sources of water should be filled
up completely, for underground working.
• Detailed precautions against inundation may be laid down while working beneath or
in the vicinty of river and major water bodies.
• Mechanism for warning mines about impending heavy rains
• Effective communication within the mine and between mines for safe withdrawal of
persons.
• Recommendations of 6th Conference on Safety in Mines to evolve suitable cadre
structure for mine surveyors and upgradation of their skill by availing facilities at
various institutions, appointment of qualified surveyors and providing infrastructure
including computerised facility at area level to oversee survey work of the mine etc.
may be implemented.
• R&D efforts should be continued to develop a system for construction of water-tight
chamber as last refuge belowground in case of inundation.
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21. DMS AdvisoryDMS Advisory
• Ensure Adequate pumping arrangement with
Additional spare motors and pumps and
Additional source of power supply to ensured
and maintained
• Garland drains around the opencast working
with suitable gradient to avoid stagnant of
Every year before monsoon DMS, Chaibasa sent the advisory letter
to all Mines Owner for monsoon preparedness and safety measures.
DMS, Chaibasa advised -
with suitable gradient to avoid stagnant of
water
• The slope stability of benches, ore and waste
dumps etc. shall be examined and maintained
by proper drainage system
• Care shall be taken by making suitable drains
along the haul road so that damage to the
haul road due to rain is minimum
• Precautionary measures to be taken under
Reg 127 of the MMR, 1961 and DG’s Circular
in this regards
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22. Workmen Inspector’s Role for Saving from Water DangerWorkmen Inspector’s Role for Saving from Water Danger
जल खतरे से बचाने के लए कायकता नर क क भू मकाजल खतरे से बचाने के लए कायकता नर क क भू मका
• Identification of Pit Slope, Dump Slope and
Tailing Dam Slope for Water Seepage
• पानी क सीपेज के लए पट ढलान, डंप ढलान और
टे लंग बांध ढलान क पहचान
• Find out root cause of the seepage and• Find out root cause of the seepage and
location of stagnant water
• सीपेज के मूल कारण और ि थर पानी के थान का
पता लगाएं
• Report abnormality, if any to Mines Manager
• खान बंधक को असामा यता (य द कोई हो तो)
रपोट कर
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