The document summarizes a case study of the SMART Tunnel in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The 9.7km stormwater and motorway tunnel project was a joint venture that cost RM1887 million. The tunnel diverts large volumes of flood water via holding ponds and a bypass tunnel to reduce flooding in the city center and traffic congestion. It has advanced features like automated flood gates, air quality monitoring, emergency vehicles, and operates in different modes depending on rainfall levels to control stormwater flow and manage traffic.
Stormwater management aims to reduce surface runoff from rain and snowmelt by promoting infiltration and replenishing groundwater. It is important in urban areas with many impervious surfaces to prevent flooding and pollution. Traditional methods only moved water away, while modern approaches try to restore natural water cycles through retention basins, infiltration basins, bioswales, green roofs, and low impact development techniques. Calculating surface runoff estimates how much water will flow over an area based on its size, average rainfall, and surface type to help design effective drainage systems.
Sustainable storm water management Presentation SlidesArissa Loh
The document discusses various sustainable stormwater management systems. It begins by explaining how stormwater can cause flooding and pollution in developed areas without proper management. It then describes both green and gray infrastructure used to manage stormwater. Some green infrastructure systems discussed include green roofs, pervious surfaces, grassed swales, rain gardens, bioretention areas, wetlands, and underground storage tanks. Each system is explained and its advantages, disadvantages, and maintenance requirements are provided. The document concludes with a case study of the stormwater management systems implemented at the University of Minnesota Duluth campus.
This document provides information on stormwater management. It discusses the need for stormwater management to reduce flooding and pollution from surface runoff. It describes various techniques used in rural and urban areas to manage stormwater, including temporary storage methods like detention ponds and infiltration methods like grass filter strips. Effective stormwater management requires expert planning, implementation, and ongoing maintenance. When implemented properly, stormwater management provides flood control and water quality benefits while allowing stormwater to be reused.
This document discusses water supply systems. It covers why water treatment is important for public health, common uses of water, sources of water like aquifers and surface water, the water treatment and storage process, and how water is distributed through a piping system to homes and businesses. The distribution system aims to provide clean water at adequate flow, pressure, and quality for uses like drinking, bathing, cleaning, and fire protection.
This document discusses water demand forecasting for urban water supply systems. It covers key factors in determining water demands, including population projections, per capita water usage rates that vary by location and usage type, and factors that affect demand like climate, income levels, development patterns and water conservation efforts. The document provides guidance on estimating average day, maximum day and peak hour water demands that systems are designed for, as well as common methods for population forecasting.
The document discusses urban flooding in the Chandbarh and Shakti Nagar areas of Bhopal, India. It analyzes the causes of flooding in Chandbarh, which has narrow streets and drainage canals, dense population, and little green space. In contrast, Shakti Nagar has wider streets, planned development, trees along roads, and parks, resulting in less flooding. The document then provides seven potential solutions to reduce urban flooding, including preserving forests and wetlands, installing green and blue roofs, building tree trenches and bioswales, using permeable pavement, and collecting rainwater in barrels or cisterns. All solutions require regular maintenance to function properly over the long term.
Stormwater management aims to reduce surface runoff from rain and snowmelt by promoting infiltration and replenishing groundwater. It is important in urban areas with many impervious surfaces to prevent flooding and pollution. Traditional methods only moved water away, while modern approaches try to restore natural water cycles through retention basins, infiltration basins, bioswales, green roofs, and low impact development techniques. Calculating surface runoff estimates how much water will flow over an area based on its size, average rainfall, and surface type to help design effective drainage systems.
Sustainable storm water management Presentation SlidesArissa Loh
The document discusses various sustainable stormwater management systems. It begins by explaining how stormwater can cause flooding and pollution in developed areas without proper management. It then describes both green and gray infrastructure used to manage stormwater. Some green infrastructure systems discussed include green roofs, pervious surfaces, grassed swales, rain gardens, bioretention areas, wetlands, and underground storage tanks. Each system is explained and its advantages, disadvantages, and maintenance requirements are provided. The document concludes with a case study of the stormwater management systems implemented at the University of Minnesota Duluth campus.
This document provides information on stormwater management. It discusses the need for stormwater management to reduce flooding and pollution from surface runoff. It describes various techniques used in rural and urban areas to manage stormwater, including temporary storage methods like detention ponds and infiltration methods like grass filter strips. Effective stormwater management requires expert planning, implementation, and ongoing maintenance. When implemented properly, stormwater management provides flood control and water quality benefits while allowing stormwater to be reused.
This document discusses water supply systems. It covers why water treatment is important for public health, common uses of water, sources of water like aquifers and surface water, the water treatment and storage process, and how water is distributed through a piping system to homes and businesses. The distribution system aims to provide clean water at adequate flow, pressure, and quality for uses like drinking, bathing, cleaning, and fire protection.
This document discusses water demand forecasting for urban water supply systems. It covers key factors in determining water demands, including population projections, per capita water usage rates that vary by location and usage type, and factors that affect demand like climate, income levels, development patterns and water conservation efforts. The document provides guidance on estimating average day, maximum day and peak hour water demands that systems are designed for, as well as common methods for population forecasting.
The document discusses urban flooding in the Chandbarh and Shakti Nagar areas of Bhopal, India. It analyzes the causes of flooding in Chandbarh, which has narrow streets and drainage canals, dense population, and little green space. In contrast, Shakti Nagar has wider streets, planned development, trees along roads, and parks, resulting in less flooding. The document then provides seven potential solutions to reduce urban flooding, including preserving forests and wetlands, installing green and blue roofs, building tree trenches and bioswales, using permeable pavement, and collecting rainwater in barrels or cisterns. All solutions require regular maintenance to function properly over the long term.
This document provides information on storm drainage design and subsurface drainage systems. It discusses the types and aims of drainage, as well as the design of surface drainage systems including estimation of peak flows using methods like the Rational Formula. It also covers the design of subsurface drainage systems using buried drains, including considerations like drainage coefficients, drain depth and spacing, diameters and gradients. Filters for tile drains are also discussed.
This document discusses stormwater systems and management. It begins by defining stormwater as rain and snowmelt running off surfaces into storm drains and waterways. As stormwater flows, it can pick up pollution. Large impervious surfaces from urban development increase runoff quantities and cause issues like flooding, erosion, and habitat loss. The document outlines how stormwater can impact human health, drinking water, and aquatic life if untreated. It then describes components of stormwater drainage systems like storm drains, catch basins, and pipes. Stormwater management aims to control runoff quantities and treat pollution using structural methods like retention ponds and green infrastructure before discharge. Factors like impervious surfaces and development practices affect stormwater and need
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and storage of rainwater runoff for reuse on-site rather than allowing it to flow off. It involves collecting rainwater from rooftops using simple techniques like jars and pots or more complex systems like underground check dams. The collected water can be used for recharging groundwater, gardening, drinking, and irrigation. There are two main methods of rainwater harvesting - surface runoff harvesting from urban areas and rooftop harvesting where the roof acts as a catchment to collect rainwater into a storage system through pipes. Proper filtration is important to remove contaminants before using the stored water.
P.P.T on water distribution system by Manish PandeyManish Pandey
The document discusses different types of distribution networks and pipes used in water distribution systems. It describes dead end, radial, grid iron and ring networks. PVC, CPVC, PEX and copper pipes are discussed. Distribution reservoirs help maintain water pressure and quality by absorbing demand fluctuations. Elevated and surface reservoirs are used. Joints like end caps, tees, strainers and reducers connect pipes. The purpose of distribution systems is to deliver water to consumers with appropriate quality, quantity and pressure.
Water supply schemes aim to provide urban areas with reliable access to water. They involve sourcing water from nearby rivers, lakes, or underground aquifers and treating it to ensure it is safe for human consumption. The treated water is then transported via pipelines to homes and businesses in cities and towns.
The document discusses urban flooding causes and management. It notes that heavy rainfall in Andhra Pradesh in September-October 2009 caused widespread flooding that displaced over 1.3 million people and killed 199. Flooding is caused by both natural factors like heavy rainfall and silted drainage systems, as well as human factors such as urbanization, deforestation, and lack of proper drainage infrastructure. Flood management requires reducing exposure to floods through land use planning, improving drainage systems, and implementing preparedness, response and recovery measures at the national, state, district and local levels in accordance with the Disaster Management Act of 2005.
Only 3% of the world's water is fresh water, which is found as surface water, in rivers underground, frozen in glaciers and ice caps, or as groundwater. The water cycle ensures the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Globally, an estimated 69% of fresh water is used for agriculture, 22% for industry, 8% for domestic purposes, and a very small percentage for recreation. Water is treated and stored before being distributed to homes and buildings through a network of pipes and storage systems.
This document discusses stormwater harvesting, which involves collecting stormwater from urban areas and treating it so it can be reused. The key points are:
- Stormwater is collected from drains or creeks and treated to make it safe for non-drinking uses like watering parks. This reduces drinking water demand and pollution entering waterways.
- A stormwater harvesting scheme includes an extraction point, transport pipes, a storage tank, treatment system, distribution pipes, and management of byproducts. Several case studies and types of schemes are presented.
- Benefits include alternative water source, sustainable water management, and reducing flooding and pollution. Solutions discussed include modular tanks, filtration, pond development, ecological channels
Continuous & intermittent system of water supplyParikshit Kumar
This document discusses continuous and intermittent water supply systems. The continuous system provides water 24 hours a day through a pressurized network. It has advantages like fresh water availability and meeting fire demands quickly, but can waste more water from leaks. The intermittent system divides the area into zones and supplies each for fixed hours due to limited water availability. It requires larger pipes but less infrastructure. Both systems can experience contamination issues, but intermittent systems are more vulnerable. The document compares the key aspects of the two approaches and discusses challenges to achieving continuous supply in India.
Patten of collection systems of sanitationlobsang jampa
This document discusses different patterns for collection systems in sanitation. It describes the conservancy system, also called the dry system, and the water-carriage system. The conservancy system collects, conveys, and disposes of refuse and storm water separately. The water-carriage system uses water as the main substance for collection and conveyance. The document then examines various collection patterns including perpendicular, interceptor, radial, fan, and zone patterns - outlining their key characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages for sewage collection and treatment.
This document provides an overview of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS). SUDS are a natural approach to managing drainage in developed areas that aims to mitigate the environmental impacts of conventional drainage systems. The key points covered are:
- SUDS work by slowing water runoff to allow natural processes to break down pollutants through techniques like retention ponds and permeable pavements.
- Conventional drainage causes issues like increased flooding and water pollution, while SUDS seek to maintain natural water cycles and protect water quality.
- Proper design of SUDS considers factors like maintenance needs, constraints of the site, and treating runoff through a "treatment train" approach with controls at different scales.
-
This document discusses various sewer appurtenances including manholes, shallow manholes, deep manholes, drop manholes, lamp holes, clean outs, street inlets, horizontal inlets, flushing tanks, automatic flushing tanks, grease and oil traps, sand grease and oil traps, inverted siphons, and storm water regulators. Manholes provide access to sewer lines and come in different depths depending on their location and purpose. Other appurtenances like drop manholes, lamp holes, and clean outs aid in accessing and maintaining sewer systems. Flushing tanks, traps, and regulators help manage waste, debris, and water flow within sewer infrastructure.
The document discusses water sensitive urban design (WSUD) which aims to minimize the hydrological and water quality impacts of urban development through an integrated approach. It describes some key principles of WSUD including protecting natural water systems, integrating stormwater treatment into the landscape, protecting water quality, and reducing runoff and peak flows. It provides examples of WSUD practices such as bioretention systems, wetlands, and detention ponds that can achieve these goals.
Sources of water, Assessment of domestic and industrial requirement, Impurities in
water, Indian standards for drinking water, Water borne diseases and their control.
Dry weather flow refers to the waste water flow in sewer systems during dry periods and consists mainly of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. The key factors that affect dry weather flow are the rate of water supply, population growth, type of area served (residential, industrial, commercial), and infiltration of groundwater. The sewers must be designed to carry a minimum of 150 litres of water per capita per day to account for these factors.
water demand, types of demand, factors affecting per capita demand, design periods, losses in wastes & thefts, varion in demand, coincident draft,effect of variations on components of water supply schemes, factors affecting design periods, population forecasting methods, problems on population forecasting, etc
The document discusses water supply systems including water transmission and distribution. It describes the key components and design considerations for extracting, treating, storing, pumping and conveying water from its source through treatment, transmission, storage, and distribution to end users. The transmission system conveys treated or untreated water from sources to the distribution system through treatment plants and storage reservoirs using pipelines, tunnels, canals or aqueducts. The distribution system then supplies adequate water at sufficient pressure to individual consumers through a pipe network with valves and service connections.
AN EFFORT BY RACHIT ARORA. Water is an essential part of our life. WE should save water until we have some cheap mechanism that will convert seawater into pure water.
Advances in Hydraulic Structures, Rubber Dam-A way forwardIEI GSC
Presentation on Advances in Hydraulic Structures, Rubber Dam-A way forward by Dr I Satyanarayan Raju, Former Chief Engineers, CDO, GOAP at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
This document provides information on storm drainage design and subsurface drainage systems. It discusses the types and aims of drainage, as well as the design of surface drainage systems including estimation of peak flows using methods like the Rational Formula. It also covers the design of subsurface drainage systems using buried drains, including considerations like drainage coefficients, drain depth and spacing, diameters and gradients. Filters for tile drains are also discussed.
This document discusses stormwater systems and management. It begins by defining stormwater as rain and snowmelt running off surfaces into storm drains and waterways. As stormwater flows, it can pick up pollution. Large impervious surfaces from urban development increase runoff quantities and cause issues like flooding, erosion, and habitat loss. The document outlines how stormwater can impact human health, drinking water, and aquatic life if untreated. It then describes components of stormwater drainage systems like storm drains, catch basins, and pipes. Stormwater management aims to control runoff quantities and treat pollution using structural methods like retention ponds and green infrastructure before discharge. Factors like impervious surfaces and development practices affect stormwater and need
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and storage of rainwater runoff for reuse on-site rather than allowing it to flow off. It involves collecting rainwater from rooftops using simple techniques like jars and pots or more complex systems like underground check dams. The collected water can be used for recharging groundwater, gardening, drinking, and irrigation. There are two main methods of rainwater harvesting - surface runoff harvesting from urban areas and rooftop harvesting where the roof acts as a catchment to collect rainwater into a storage system through pipes. Proper filtration is important to remove contaminants before using the stored water.
P.P.T on water distribution system by Manish PandeyManish Pandey
The document discusses different types of distribution networks and pipes used in water distribution systems. It describes dead end, radial, grid iron and ring networks. PVC, CPVC, PEX and copper pipes are discussed. Distribution reservoirs help maintain water pressure and quality by absorbing demand fluctuations. Elevated and surface reservoirs are used. Joints like end caps, tees, strainers and reducers connect pipes. The purpose of distribution systems is to deliver water to consumers with appropriate quality, quantity and pressure.
Water supply schemes aim to provide urban areas with reliable access to water. They involve sourcing water from nearby rivers, lakes, or underground aquifers and treating it to ensure it is safe for human consumption. The treated water is then transported via pipelines to homes and businesses in cities and towns.
The document discusses urban flooding causes and management. It notes that heavy rainfall in Andhra Pradesh in September-October 2009 caused widespread flooding that displaced over 1.3 million people and killed 199. Flooding is caused by both natural factors like heavy rainfall and silted drainage systems, as well as human factors such as urbanization, deforestation, and lack of proper drainage infrastructure. Flood management requires reducing exposure to floods through land use planning, improving drainage systems, and implementing preparedness, response and recovery measures at the national, state, district and local levels in accordance with the Disaster Management Act of 2005.
Only 3% of the world's water is fresh water, which is found as surface water, in rivers underground, frozen in glaciers and ice caps, or as groundwater. The water cycle ensures the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Globally, an estimated 69% of fresh water is used for agriculture, 22% for industry, 8% for domestic purposes, and a very small percentage for recreation. Water is treated and stored before being distributed to homes and buildings through a network of pipes and storage systems.
This document discusses stormwater harvesting, which involves collecting stormwater from urban areas and treating it so it can be reused. The key points are:
- Stormwater is collected from drains or creeks and treated to make it safe for non-drinking uses like watering parks. This reduces drinking water demand and pollution entering waterways.
- A stormwater harvesting scheme includes an extraction point, transport pipes, a storage tank, treatment system, distribution pipes, and management of byproducts. Several case studies and types of schemes are presented.
- Benefits include alternative water source, sustainable water management, and reducing flooding and pollution. Solutions discussed include modular tanks, filtration, pond development, ecological channels
Continuous & intermittent system of water supplyParikshit Kumar
This document discusses continuous and intermittent water supply systems. The continuous system provides water 24 hours a day through a pressurized network. It has advantages like fresh water availability and meeting fire demands quickly, but can waste more water from leaks. The intermittent system divides the area into zones and supplies each for fixed hours due to limited water availability. It requires larger pipes but less infrastructure. Both systems can experience contamination issues, but intermittent systems are more vulnerable. The document compares the key aspects of the two approaches and discusses challenges to achieving continuous supply in India.
Patten of collection systems of sanitationlobsang jampa
This document discusses different patterns for collection systems in sanitation. It describes the conservancy system, also called the dry system, and the water-carriage system. The conservancy system collects, conveys, and disposes of refuse and storm water separately. The water-carriage system uses water as the main substance for collection and conveyance. The document then examines various collection patterns including perpendicular, interceptor, radial, fan, and zone patterns - outlining their key characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages for sewage collection and treatment.
This document provides an overview of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS). SUDS are a natural approach to managing drainage in developed areas that aims to mitigate the environmental impacts of conventional drainage systems. The key points covered are:
- SUDS work by slowing water runoff to allow natural processes to break down pollutants through techniques like retention ponds and permeable pavements.
- Conventional drainage causes issues like increased flooding and water pollution, while SUDS seek to maintain natural water cycles and protect water quality.
- Proper design of SUDS considers factors like maintenance needs, constraints of the site, and treating runoff through a "treatment train" approach with controls at different scales.
-
This document discusses various sewer appurtenances including manholes, shallow manholes, deep manholes, drop manholes, lamp holes, clean outs, street inlets, horizontal inlets, flushing tanks, automatic flushing tanks, grease and oil traps, sand grease and oil traps, inverted siphons, and storm water regulators. Manholes provide access to sewer lines and come in different depths depending on their location and purpose. Other appurtenances like drop manholes, lamp holes, and clean outs aid in accessing and maintaining sewer systems. Flushing tanks, traps, and regulators help manage waste, debris, and water flow within sewer infrastructure.
The document discusses water sensitive urban design (WSUD) which aims to minimize the hydrological and water quality impacts of urban development through an integrated approach. It describes some key principles of WSUD including protecting natural water systems, integrating stormwater treatment into the landscape, protecting water quality, and reducing runoff and peak flows. It provides examples of WSUD practices such as bioretention systems, wetlands, and detention ponds that can achieve these goals.
Sources of water, Assessment of domestic and industrial requirement, Impurities in
water, Indian standards for drinking water, Water borne diseases and their control.
Dry weather flow refers to the waste water flow in sewer systems during dry periods and consists mainly of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. The key factors that affect dry weather flow are the rate of water supply, population growth, type of area served (residential, industrial, commercial), and infiltration of groundwater. The sewers must be designed to carry a minimum of 150 litres of water per capita per day to account for these factors.
water demand, types of demand, factors affecting per capita demand, design periods, losses in wastes & thefts, varion in demand, coincident draft,effect of variations on components of water supply schemes, factors affecting design periods, population forecasting methods, problems on population forecasting, etc
The document discusses water supply systems including water transmission and distribution. It describes the key components and design considerations for extracting, treating, storing, pumping and conveying water from its source through treatment, transmission, storage, and distribution to end users. The transmission system conveys treated or untreated water from sources to the distribution system through treatment plants and storage reservoirs using pipelines, tunnels, canals or aqueducts. The distribution system then supplies adequate water at sufficient pressure to individual consumers through a pipe network with valves and service connections.
AN EFFORT BY RACHIT ARORA. Water is an essential part of our life. WE should save water until we have some cheap mechanism that will convert seawater into pure water.
Advances in Hydraulic Structures, Rubber Dam-A way forwardIEI GSC
Presentation on Advances in Hydraulic Structures, Rubber Dam-A way forward by Dr I Satyanarayan Raju, Former Chief Engineers, CDO, GOAP at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
storm water
rain water harvesting
shoratge of water
advantages
road surface run off
open drains
plans
drawing
pictures
storm water program
design consideration
This document provides information on sustainable stormwater management systems. It discusses various systems such as green roofs, pervious surfaces, grassed swales, bioretention areas, and describes their installation processes, advantages, and disadvantages. The document also includes a case study and recommendations to improve stormwater management.
This Presentation covers the topic of surface and subsurface tile drainage which is the part of canal irrigation. The content covered in this has been explained thoroughly with theory and Diagrams related to the topics and consists of various pictures to explain the content completely .Thank you.
dewatering in different soil conditions, methods, explanation of dewatering methods, : open sumps & ditches, vaccumm method deppwell point method electro osmosis metheod
Storm water management by krishna sedaiKrishna Sedai
This document summarizes a presentation on storm water management. It discusses how storm water is generated from rain and snowmelt running off surfaces. The objectives of storm water management are outlined as providing safety, minimizing flooding, controlling erosion, and protecting water quality. Poor management can cause flooding, erosion, habitat destruction, and water pollution. Sustainable practices discussed include rain gardens, bio retention areas, vegetated swales, infiltration trenches, green roofs, porous pavement, infiltration basins, and stream buffer restoration.
Water Harvesting principles,types of water HarvestingTharun Reddy
Water harvesting is the collection of rainwater running off surfaces where it falls. It involves catching rainwater and storing it for use during dry seasons. There are two main methods - rooftop harvesting which collects water from house and building roofs, and runoff harvesting which collects water from open areas like fields and roads. Key components of rainwater harvesting systems include the catchment area, gutters and pipes to direct water, filters to remove debris, a storage tank, and devices to access the stored water. Rainwater harvesting has advantages like low cost, environmental friendliness, and drought mitigation, though maintenance is required to prevent contamination.
This document presents a feasibility study and design for a rainwater harvesting system for five colonies in Ghaziabad, India. The objectives are to determine rainfall characteristics, calculate runoff and rainwater potential, and design recharging structures. It discusses the need for rainwater harvesting due to lack of water. Methods described include rooftop collection, surface runoff collection, and groundwater recharge through pits, trenches, and wells. Design considerations include hydrogeology, runoff area, and rainfall patterns. The document provides an overview of Ghaziabad's location and demographics.
Rain water harvesting times prefinal still to be editedKrishna Vamsy
The document discusses rain water harvesting as a solution to water shortage problems caused by increasing population, industrialization, urbanization, and decreasing surface water areas. It states that rainwater harvesting helps overcome water scarcity by conserving groundwater through recharging aquifers with harvested rainwater. The typical roof top rainwater harvesting system consists of a roof catchment, gutters, down pipes, a first flush system, a filter unit, and a storage tank. Rainwater harvesting provides clean water and has advantages of low cost, ease of construction and maintenance, and drought mitigation.
Social and environmental effect of large hydro powerASHWANI BHARATI
The document discusses the social and environmental impacts of large hydro power plants. It provides details about the Tehri Dam project in India as a case study. Some key points:
- Dams have negative environmental impacts like loss of habitat and disruption of river ecosystems, but can provide clean energy and flood control benefits.
- The Tehri Dam project in India displaced over 100 villages and the town of Tehri, requiring a large resettlement program with social and economic impacts.
- Potential impacts of dams include effects on water quality, biodiversity loss, soil erosion, and induced poverty of resettled populations if not properly mitigated. The Tehri Dam project undertook various mitigation measures.
Module 5 – Water Harvesting and ConservationAJEETH B
This document discusses various techniques for water harvesting and conservation. It introduces water harvesting as the collection of rainwater where it falls through techniques like catchment systems and runoff collection. Key principles are outlined such as using rainwater effectively, avoiding runoff, and reducing evaporation and drainage. Specific techniques are then described in detail, including micro and macro catchments, contour farming, terracing, stone lines, retention ditches, bunds, cover crops, drip irrigation and more. Design considerations for small structures like micro catchments and ponds are also covered.
This presentation contains definition, uses, purpose, methodologies, advantages, NBC for rain water harvesting, calculations, components , types of filters used for RWH, and videos.
This document discusses various maintenance practices for irrigation systems. It addresses both physical phenomena like erosion and social phenomena like unauthorized access that can deteriorate canal systems. It provides solutions for issues like soil erosion, sediment removal, aquatic weed control, bank erosion, animal crossings, drainage, and repairing structures. The key maintenance topics covered are catchment protection, head works, channel maintenance for both earthen and lined canals, maintenance of structures, and maintenance of tertiary systems and drains. Diagrams are provided to illustrate specific maintenance remedies and best practices.
Construction techniques in flood prone areasSanjay gowda
This document discusses construction techniques for buildings in flood-prone areas. It describes various floodproofing methods like dry floodproofing, wet floodproofing, elevation of structures, and anchoring systems. Dry floodproofing aims to seal the building from floodwaters while wet floodproofing allows floodwaters inside but uses flood-resistant materials. Elevating structures raises them above flood levels. Anchoring systems secure buildings to their foundations to prevent movement during floods. The document also discusses foundation requirements and types like pile foundations for withstanding flooding and coastal hazards.
This document discusses various methods for rainwater harvesting and reducing water demand for landscaping. It describes different surface runoff harvesting techniques like recharge pits, trenches, and shafts. It also covers rooftop rainwater harvesting methods and considerations for collecting and storing rainwater. These include calculating collection efficiency based on roof area and rainfall, and safety guidelines for groundwater recharge and storage tanks. The document advocates for proper irrigation systems and xeriscaping to reduce landscape water demand.
This document summarizes a student project on rainwater harvesting. It defines rainwater harvesting as collecting water from surfaces where rain falls and storing it for later use, usually from rooftops. Benefits include being inexpensive and providing a continuous local water source. Challenges are limited supply due to rainfall variability. Systems include catchment areas, collection/storage tanks, and conveyance systems to transfer water. The document provides diagrams and examples of rainwater harvesting and its importance for agriculture, livestock, meeting water demands, and preventing waterlogging and soil erosion. It suggests starting with government and public buildings to test effectiveness before broader implementation.
This document discusses water resources and rainwater harvesting. It notes that only 2.5% of water on Earth is fresh water, with much of it locked in ice sheets. India faces water scarcity and will face more by 2025. Major causes of scarcity are over-exploitation, large populations, agriculture, and pollution. Jawaharlal Nehru introduced multi-purpose river projects to generate power, support irrigation and more. These projects have limitations like environmental impacts. Traditional and modern rainwater harvesting techniques help conserve water and support agriculture, including rooftop collection, tanks, and surface runoff systems.
California; Drip, Drip, Drip Water Conservation & Drip Irrigation in Your Ga...D2Z
Drip irrigation is an effective way to conserve water in the landscape. It delivers water directly to plant roots through a network of tubing and emitters, reducing waste from evaporation and runoff. Proper maintenance of drip systems, such as regularly cleaning filters and checking for leaks, is important to avoid over-watering. While drip systems save water, they also require maintenance to function effectively and ensure plants receive sufficient water.
Similar to Stormwater management presentation slides (20)
The document summarizes a case study report on implementing value management in a construction project in Malaysia. It discusses:
1) An introduction to value management, its process and purpose.
2) A description of the project - an 8-storey apartment building in Subang Jaya, Selangor with residential units from first to eighth floor and basement car park.
3) Value management tools that were used - priority setting matrix, smart value tree, functional approach - to identify unnecessary costs that could be removed from the project.
The value management process identified potential changes to the design like replacing the basement car park with ground floor car park, reducing circulation areas, changing some units to retail on the first
1) The project aims to provide affordable accommodation for students through low-cost houses, establish business opportunities through double-storey shop/offices, and promote neighborhood economic activity.
2) The design-bid-build procurement method was selected which separates design and construction into sequential phases, allowing the client full control over design.
3) Quality management and risk analysis were important processes to ensure project objectives were achieved effectively and efficiently. Key risks identified were related to adjacent impacts, delays, safety, and ensuring technical and financial feasibility. Mitigation strategies focused on clear communication, competent teams, and contingency planning.
The document discusses the Construction Industry Payment and Adjudication Act 2012 (CIPAA) in Malaysia, which establishes a statutory adjudication process to resolve payment disputes in the construction industry. CIPAA provides a mandatory, fast-track dispute resolution procedure involving the submission and response of payment claims, notices of adjudication, and adjudicator decisions within strict timeframes. The Act aims to promote prompt payment and cash flow in construction projects through an expedited, binding dispute resolution process.
Mah Sing Group Berhad is a leading property developer in Malaysia that has been in business for 20 years. It develops residential, commercial, and industrial properties across Malaysia. The company is fully integrated and listed on Bursa Malaysia's Main Board. It is headquartered in Kuala Lumpur and was founded in 1965.
1) The document describes a community service event conducted by students at Zoo Negara. It details the planning process over several weeks that involved organizing teams, designing t-shirts, and preparing forms.
2) On the event day, students were divided into groups to help clean animal enclosures and feed the animals. The writer helped in Children's World by sweeping and interacting with birds, monkeys, and other animals.
3) After completing their tasks, the students had lunch provided and took a group photo before departing. They later had a reflection video shoot and appreciation dinner to conclude the project.
This document provides information and questions for a quantity surveying assignment on preparing the final account for an apartment construction project. It includes:
1) Background on the contract sum and nominated subcontractors' accounts. Variations include changes to toilet layout and roads.
2) A question requiring analysis of implications of omitting entrance features from tender documents and adjustments for the final account.
3) A second question involving assessing the contractor's final account based on extensions of time, rejected claims, variations, and subcontractor amounts.
4) Several subquestions regarding pricing variations for relocating a door, omitted computer equipment, an unconstructed wash trough, and revised excavation rates.
This document provides a preliminary cost appraisal for the redevelopment of a plot of land comprising Plots A1, A2 and A3 in Singapore. It estimates that the total cost for the redevelopment, including contingencies and cost escalations, will be S$448,470,207. The redevelopment involves constructing a mixed-use development on Plots A1 and the below-grade area of Plot A2, with a minimum of 80% of the gross floor area allotted for office use. It also includes landscaping Plot A2 as an open space with an allowed 100 square meter food and beverage kiosk.
1. This document provides a cost appraisal for a proposed commercial building project located at Cecil Street/Teluk Ayer Street consisting of an office building, retail shops, basement car parks, open space, underground pedestrian walkway, and garden rooftop.
2. It details the gross and construction floor areas for the office and retail components, number of basement and additional parking lots, as well as a plot area for an F&B kiosk.
3. Construction methodology includes bored piling, bubbledeck system, and industrialized building system to reduce costs and impacts.
4. Total construction costs are provided for the office and retail components as well as amenities. The document also discusses green building
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This document discusses sub-contracting work and the differences between a nominated sub-contractor and domestic sub-contractor. A nominated sub-contractor is selected by the client or consultants and has negotiated terms and prices with the client. A domestic sub-contractor is selected by the main contractor without client input on terms or prices. The document provides examples of different types of specialized works that may be given to each type of sub-contractor and discusses advantages and disadvantages of using a nominated sub-contractor.
The document estimates the costs of installing a plasterboard ceiling and painting a plaster surface.
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The document outlines various procurement strategies and contract forms for construction projects. It discusses traditional procurement, management contracting, and design-build procurement methods. For each method, it describes the process, advantages, and disadvantages. It also examines standard contract forms used in Malaysia, including the PAM 2006, JKR 203A, and FIDIC contracts. Based on the project details of developing a 20-storey condominium, the document recommends using a traditional procurement method with a PAM 2006 contract form due to its common use for private sector building projects in Malaysia.
The document discusses procurement methods in the construction industry. It provides details on traditional procurement methods like fixed price contracts and remeasurement contracts. It also discusses management contracting and the risks and benefits of different contract types. Key points covered include competitive selection helping ensure accountability and quality, while management contracts allow for design changes during construction.
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Measurement IV assignment presentation slides Doreen Yeo
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
2. STORMWATER IS RAINWATER AND MELTED SNOW THAT
RUNS OFF STREETS, LAWNS AND OTHER SITES. WHEN
STORMWATER IS ABSORBED INTO THE GROUND, IT IS
FILTERED AND ULTIMATELY REPLENISHES AQUIFERS OR
FLOWS INTO STREAMS AND RIVERS.
3. EFFECTS OF POOR STORMWATER
MANAGEMENT
• DOWNSTREAM FLOODING
• STREAM BANK EROSION
• INCREASED TURBIDITY FROM EROSION
• HABITAT DESTRUCTION
• COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS
• INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE
• CONTAMINATED STREAMS, RIVERS, AND COASTAL WATER
4. STORMWATER IS ACTUALLY CONCERN FOR TWO
MAIN ISSUES:
a) RELATED TO THE VOLUME AND TIMING OF RUNOFF WATER (FLOOD CONTROL
AND WATER SUPPLIES)
b) RELATED TO POTENTIAL CONTAMINANTS THAT THE WATER IS CARRYING, I.E.
WATER POLLUTION.
6. ADVANTAGES
PROVIDES PROPER DRAINAGE OF SURFACE RUN-OFF AND AVOIDS
DAMAGES ON INFRASTRUCTURE SUCH AS PRIVATE PROPERTIES
AND STREETS.
PROVIDES POSSIBILITY TO RECHARGE GROUNDWATER AND RE-USE
PRECIPITATION WATER AND SURFACE RUN-OFF AS IRRIGATION OR
HOUSEHOLD WATER.
MINIMIZING HEALTH RISKS.
7. PROVIDES EFFECTIVE STORMWATER FLOOD CONTROL.
CAN BE INTEGRATED INTO THE URBAN LANDSCAPE AND PROVIDE
GREEN AND RECREATIONAL AREAS.
REVENUE GENERATED BY A STORMWATER UTILITY CAN BE USED AS
A NEW, DEDICATED SOURCE OF FUNDS TO SUPPLEMENT OR
REPLACE THE COMMUNITY'S CURRENT STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
FUNDING, ENABLING TAX-BASED FUNDING TO BE USED FOR OTHER
COMMUNITY NEEDS.
8. DISADVANTAGES
EXPERT PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION, OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE REQUIRED FOR A STORMWATER MANAGEMENT.
IT DEPENDS ON THE TECHNIQUE, A LOT OF OPERATION AND
LABOUR REQUIRED.
THERE IS RISK OF CLOGGING INFILTRATION SYSTEM CAUSED BY
HIGH SEDIMENTATION RATES.
TEMPORARY COVERING METHODS, SUCH AS PLASTIC SHEETING,
CAN BECOME TORN OR RIPPED, EXPOSING THE CONTAMINANT TO
PRECIPITATION AND/OR STORM WATER RUNOFF.
9. EXAMPLES OF SUSTAINABLE STORM
WATER MANAGEMENT
1. INCORPORATES BOTH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND ENGINEERED SYSTEMS
2. PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICE TO REDUCE RUNOFF,
IMPROVE WATER QUALITY AND ENCOURAGE INFILTRATION.
3. GREEN ROOFS / RAIN GARDENS / POROUS PAVEMENT
4. GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE – AT THE SCALE OF A NEIGHBORHOOD OR
SITE, GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE REFERS TO STORM WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS THAT
MIMIC NATURE BY SOAKING UP AND STORING WATER.
10. RAIN GARDENS
1. CONSTRUCTED DEPRESSION
2. MANAGE AND TREAT SMALL VOLUMES OF STORM WATER BY FILTERING RUNOFF THROUGH SOIL
AND VEGETATION
3. HOLDS THE WATER FOR A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME AND ALLOWS IT TO NATURALLY INFILTRATE
INTO THE GROUND
11.
12.
13. BIORETENTION AREAS
1. CONSTRUCTED DEPRESSION
2. LARGER THAN RAIN GARDENS AND DESIGNED WITH AN UNDERDRAIN TO CONNECT TO THE
STORM DRAIN SYSTEM.
14.
15.
16. VEGETATED SWALES
1. A NATURAL DRAINAGE PATHS OR VEGETATED CHANNELS
2. TRANSPORT WATER INSTEAD OF UNDERGROUND STORM SEWERS OR CONCRETE OPEN CHANNELS
TO CONVEY STORMWATER RUNOFF.
17.
18.
19.
20. GREEN ROOFS
1. A SYSTEM OF ROOFING
2. THAT USES PLANT LIFE FOR ROOF COVERING INSTEAD OF TRADITIONAL COVERING MATERIALS
3. LAYERS OF SOIL AND VEGETATION INSTALLED ON ROOFTOPS THAT CAPTURE RUNOFF
4. I. PROVIDE AN EXCELLENT INSULATION TO THE BUILDING
II. REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION SIGNIFICANTLY
III. ACT AS A NATURAL FILTER FOR RAINWATER
IV. ALLOWS EVAPORATION TO REDUCE THE VOLUME AND DISCHARGE RATE OF STORM WATER
21.
22.
23.
24. POROUS PAVEMENT
1. A PERMEABLE PAVEMENT SURFACE WITH A STONE RESERVOIR UNDERNEATH
2. THE PAVEMENTS ALLOW STORM WATER TO INFILTRATE DIRECTLY INTO THE SOIL
3. OFTEN APPEARS THE SAME AS TRADITIONAL ASPHALT OR CONCRETE BUT IS MANUFACTURED
WITH INCORPORATES VOID SPACES THAT ALLOW FOR INFILTRATION.
28. STREAM BUFFER RESTORATION
1. NATIVE TREES AND BUSHES PLANTED ALONG THE STREAM OR DITCH
2. STRIPS OF TREES AND OTHER VEGETATION BUFFER HELPS IMPROVE WATER QUALITY AND
MAXIMIZED STREAM DAMAGE
3. BY FILTERING AND SLOWING POLLUTED RUNOFF
33. INSTALLATION PROCESS OF RAIN
GARDEN1. TO LOCK DOWN LOCATION OF UTILITIES PRIOR TO DIGGING.
2. TO LAY OUT SHAPE OF RAIN GARDEN WITH EQUIPMENT.
3. KILL OR REMOVE EXISTING TURF.
4. COMPOST AND SAND HAVE TO BE MIXED INTO STOCKPILE TOPSOIL.
5. EXCAVATE SUBSOIL AND USE IT TO CREATE A COMPACTED BERM.
6. WORK FROM THE SIDE OF THE RAIN GARDEN TO PREVENT COMPACTION OF SOIL IN THE RAIN
GARDEN.
7. THOROUGHLY MIX AND ADD 50% WASHED SAND, 30% COMPOST, 20% TOPSOIL.
8. MAKE SURE THE RAIN GARDEN IS LEVEL AND THE PROPER DEPTH.
9. PUT DOWN A 2-3 INCH LAYER OF SHREDDED HARDWOOD MULCH.
10. BEGIN PLANTING.
11. BY ADDING FLAGSTONE, ROCKS, OR OTHER PROTECTIVE PRODUCTS IS ONE OF THE WAYS TO
PROTECT AGAINST EROSION WHERE WATER ENTERS THE RAIN GARDEN.
12. HAVE A DESIGNATE AND ARMORED OUTLET FOR FLOWS FROM HEAVY RAINS THAT EXCEED THE
DESIGN CAPACITY.
34. INSTALLATION PROCESS OF VEGETATED
SWALES
1. ROUGH GRADE THE VEGETATED SWALE.
2. CONSTRUCT CHECK DAMS, IF REQUIRED.
3. FINE GRADE THE VEGETATED SWALE.
4. PRIOR TO ESTABLISHMENT OF VEGETATION, A SWALE IS SPECIFICALLY VULNERABLE TO SCOUR
AND EROSION AND THEREFORE ITS SEED BED MUST BE PROTECTED WITH TEMPORARY EROSION
CONTROL.
5. IF ALL TRIBUTARY AREAS ARE ENOUGH STABILIZED, REMOVE TEMPORARY EROSION AND
SEDIMENT CONTROLS.
35. INSTALLATION PROCESS OF GREEN
ROOF1. INSTALL A MONOLITHIC TYPE WATERPROOF MEMBRANE SUCH AS RUBBER AND PLASTIC ON TOP
OF THE ROOF DECKING.
2. PLACE A 6MM SHEET OF PLASTIC ON THE WATERPROOF MEMBRANE AND THE WATERPROOF
MEMBRANE WILL SERVE AS A ROOT BARRIER.
3. TOP THE FIRST TWO LAYERS WITH ONE OR MORE THIN SHEETS OF THREE-QUARTER-INCH FOAM
INSULATION SUITED FOR CONTACT WITH DAMP SOIL.
4. SET A DRAINAGE MAT WHICH ALSO CALLED AS A DIMPLE MAT WITH CAPILLARY SPACES ON TOP
OF THE INSULATION.
5. FRAME THE SIDES FOR THE ROOF WITH MESH GUTTER GUARDS, WOOD OR OTHER EDGING THAT
WILL PERMIT DRAINAGE TO HOLD SOIL IN PLACE.
6. ADD SOIL.
7. SET PLANTS IN PLACE.
8. WATER TO SETTLE SOIL AROUND PLANTS.
37. • “STORMWATER MANAGEMENT AND ROAD TUNNEL” = “SMART TUNNEL”
• A STORM DRAINAGE AND ROAD STRUCTURE IN KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA.
• THE PROJECT IS IMPLEMENTED THROUGH A JOINT VENTURE PACT合资协议 BETWEEN
MMC CORP BERHAD AND GAMUDA BERHAD.
• THE 9.7KM (6.0MI) TUNNEL IS THE LONGEST STORMWATER TUNNEL IN SOUTH EAST
ASIA AND SECOND LONGEST IN ASIA.
• CONSTRUCTION COST : RM1887 MILLION
• TWO MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THIS TUNNEL :
• STORMWATER TUNNEL
• MOTORWAY TUNNEL
38. • NORTH END
• SULTAN ISMAIL- KAMPUNG PANDAN LINK
• KUALA LUMPUR MIDDLE RING ROAD 1 (JALAN TUN RAZAK)
• KUALA LUMPUR-SEREMBAN EXPRESSWAY
• EAST-WEST LINK EXPRESSWAY
• SOUTH END
• SMART TUNNEL TOLL PLAZA NEAR SUNGAI BESI AIRPORT
• OBJECTIVE
• SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF FLASH FLOODS IN THE CITY CENTRE OF KUALA LUMPUR
• BY DIVERT LARGE VOLUMES OF FLOOD WATER VIA A HOLDING POND, BYPASS
TUNNEL AND STORAGE RESERVOIR.
• REDUCE TRAFFIC CONGESTION AT THE SOUTHERN GATEWAY
• THE MOTORWAY TUNNEL PROVIDE AN ALTERNATIVE ROUTE FOR MOTORISTS FROM
THE SOUTHERN GATEWAY, I.E. KL-SEREMBAN HIGHWAY, FEDERAL HIGHWAY,
BESRAYA AND EAST-WEST LINK ENTERING AND EXITING THE CITY CENTRE.
39. ADDITIONAL FEATURES OF SMART
TUNNEL
• ALAM FLORA ROAD SWEEPER
• SCADA MONITORING & SURVEILLANCE
• RADIO RE-BROADCASTING SERVICES
• AUTOMATED FLOOD CONTROL GATES
• FIRST RESPONDER VEHICLE (FRV)
• VENTILATION/ESCAPE SHAFTS
• MEDICAL RESPONSE VEHICLE (MRV)
• CROSS PASSAGE
• AIR QUALITY MONITORING EQUIPMENT (AQME)
• OTHER EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
40. ALAM FLORA ROAD SWEEPER
• HAS A WATER TANK AND WOULD BE ABLE TO CARRY
AROUND 1000 LITRES PER SESSION
• HANDLING OPERATIONS FOR THE CLEANLINESS IN SMART
TUNNEL DURING MINIMUM DISRUPTION TO TRAFFIC FLOW,
MEANS AT NIGHT
• THE DIMENSION OF THE MAIN BROOM IS 1500MM IN
LENGTH AND 400MM IN DIAMETER WHILE THE GUTTER
BROOM MEASURES AROUND 500MM IN DIAMETER
• THE ROAD SWEEPER HAS A HOPPER CAPACITY OF +/-
5.0CU.M AND A VACUUM TYPE “TRUE FLOW” AIR SYSTEM
USING A FAN BLOWER OUTPUT OF +/- 450M3 PER MINUTE.
41. SCADA MONITORING & SURVEILLANCE
• STATE-OF-THE-ART
• 24-HOUR AT ITS HIGHWAY
• BARCO WALL IS ABLE TO SHOW 70 CCTV SCREEN AT ONE TIME
• AUTOMATIC DETECTION SYSTEMS USE VIDEO IMAGES AND LASER BEAMS PROCESSING TO DETECT
UNUSUAL EVENTS
• MORE THAN 212 UNITS OF CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION IN THE SMART TUNNEL
42. RADIO RE-BROADCASTING SERVICES
• ABLE TO RECEIVE THE RADIO CHANNEL, PHONE CALL OR OTHER COMMUNICATION RECEPTION
WITHOUT ANY INTERFERENCE BECAUSE STATIONS CAN LINK IN RADIO NETWORKS TO BROADCAST
COMMON PROGRAMMING (EITHER IN SYNDICATION OR SIMULCAST OR BOTH), LOCAL WIRE
NETWORKS, INTERNET AND SATELLITE
43. AUTOMATED FLOOD CONTROL
GATES
• 3 AUTOMATED FLOOD CONTROL GATE AT BOTH END OF MOTORWAY
• 2 AUTOMATED FLOOD CONTROL GATE AT BOTH END JUNCTION BOXES
• THE WATER TIGHT GATES ARE OPERATED USING A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
• THESE GATES ARE INSTALLED ON EITHER ENDS OF THE MOTORWAY OR SIMILAR SINGLE FLOOD
CONTROL STEEL GATES ARE INSTALLED AT BOTH ENTRANCES AND EXITS OF THE MOTORWAY
TUNNEL
44. FIRST RESPONDER VEHICLE (FRV)
• CUSTOM-BUILT FIRE ENGINES FOR SMART HIGHWAY
• THE FRVS WERE CUSTOMIZED TO MEET THE SOPHISTICATED DESIGN OF THE SMART TUNNEL SUCH
AS HEIGHT LIMITATIONS, TUNNEL MANOEUVRABILITY, SPECIAL EQUIPMENT HOUSING
• IS POWERED BY AN ENGINE THAT PRODUCES MINIMAL CARBON EMISSION IN ORDER TO ENSURE
SAFETY IN THE TUNNEL IS MAINTAINED THROUGHOUT AN EMERGENCY OPERATION
• UNDER THE SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION AGENCY
45. VENTILATION/ESCAPE SHAFTS
• THESE POWERFUL AIR VENTILATORS WILL CONSTANTLY RENEW THE AIR AND MAINTAIN THE AIR
QUALITY WITHIN THE MOTORWAY
• THE SYSTEM CONSISTS OF A SERIES OF SHAFTS EACH CONTAINING AN EXHAUST AND FRESH AIR
INJECTOR TOO PROTECT THE VENTILATION SYSTEM DURING THE FLOODING
• THE FEATURES ALSO ALLOWS FOR SMOKE CONTROL IN THE EVENT OF A FIRE.
46. MEDICAL RESPONSE VEHICLE (MRV)
• MRV IS A CUSTOM-BUILT AMBULANCE WHICH IS CAPABLE IN GIVING THE FIRST RESPONDER
SERVICES OR FURTHER EMERGENCY TREATMENT FOR SMART HIGHWAY
• THE ADVANTAGES OF THE MRV IS IT CAN TRANSPORT THE EMERGENCY MEDICAL SPECIALIST OR
THE MEDICAL TEAM TO WET, SKIDDED AND LIMITED EYE VISION AND ALSO OFF ROAD SITUATION.
47. CROSS PASSAGE
• CROSS PASSAGE BETWEEN DECKS AT 250M INTERVALS: THE PASSAGE ACTS AS
EMERGENCY EXITS.
48. AIR QUALITY MONITORING EQUIPMENT
(AQME)
• THERE ARE 38 SETS OF AQME MONITORING CARBON MONOXIDE (CO), NITROGEN MONOXIDE (NO)
AND PARTICULATE
• THEY ARE CITED IN THE UPPER AND LOWER DECKS
• THE VENTILATION WILL PROVIDE FOR THE SUPPLY AND EXTRACT OF AIR FOR BOTH THE UPPER AND
LOWER ROAD DECKS
• IT WILL BE OPERATED AUTOMATICALLY BASED ON THE AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM
OUTPUTS.
49. OTHER EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
• EQUIPPED WITH FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT, TELEPHONE AND SURVEILLANCE
AT 1KM INTERVAL. HYDRANT & FIRE EXTINGUISHERS LOCATED EVERY 90M.
50. MODE 1
• WHEN WEATHER IS FAIR WITH LITTLE
OR NO RAIN AND TRAFFIC IS
ALLOWED IN THE TUNNEL.
MODE 2
• ACTIVATED WHEN MODERATE
RAINFALLS AND THE FLOW RATE
RECORDED AT THE CONFLUENCE OF
UPPER KLANG RIVER/AMPANG RIVER
(L4 FLOW STATION) IS 70-150M3/S.
ONLY 50M3/S IS ALLOWED TO FLOW
DOWNSTREAM.
• EXCESS FLOOD WATER WILL BE
DIVERTED TO SMART STORAGES
AND ONLY THE LOWER DRAINS OF
TUNNEL WILL BE USED TO CONVEY
FLOOD FLOW TO THE DESA
ATTENUATION POND.
• ROAD TUNNEL WILL STILL OPENED
TO TRAFFIC.
51. MODE 3
• ACTIVATED WHEN MAJOR STORM
EVENT OCCURS AND FLOOD MODEL
FORECASTS A FLOW RATE OF
150M3/S.
• TRAFFIC WILL BE EVACUATED FROM
THE ROAD TUNNEL. THIS IS
NORMALLY TAKES ABOUT AN HOUR.
ONLY 10M3/S IS ALLOWED TO FLOW
DOWNSTREAM.
• ROAD TUNNEL WILL BE RE-OPENED TO
TRAFFIC WITHIN 2-8 HOURS AFTER
CLOSURE.
52. MODE 4
• ACTIVATED IF HEAVY STORM
PROLONGS, USUALLY WILL BE
CONFIRMED 1-2 HOURS AFTER
MODE 3 IS DECLARED.
• ROAD TUNNEL WILL BE USED
FOR PASSAGE OF FLOOD AFTER
TRAFFIC EVACUATION
COMPLETED. ONLY 10M3/S IS
ALLOWED TO FLOW
DOWNSTREAM.
• ROAD TUNNEL WILL BE RE-
OPENED WITHIN 4 DAYS OF
CLOSURE.
54. LIMITATION
• SMART TUNNEL CAN ONLY MITIGATE FLOODING IN THE CITY CENTER WHERE IT COVERS.
• SMART TUNNEL CANNOT WORK BY ITSELF. IT NEED TWO COMPONENTS TO COMPLEMENT EACH
OTHER TO CURB FLOODS, EXAMPLE THE PONDS.
• ACCORDING TO NEW SUNDAY TIMES, THE SMART TUNNEL IS DESIGNED TO HANDLE ONLY 45
PERCENT OF FLOODWATERS COMING FROM THE RIVERS.
55. HIGH MAINTENANCE FEES
• ACCORDING TO BIG BOY BIG TOY, 2011 , SMART TUNNEL COMES WITH A HEFTY
MAINTENANCE FEES WHICH COSTING RM20 MILLION PER YEAR.
• SUCH SUM OF MONEY COMES FROM TAX PAYERS.
LOW USAGE
• PEOPLE ARE SAYING THAT GOVERNMENT REFUSES TO OPERATE THE TUNNEL NOW
BECAUSE THE GOVERNMENT WANTS TO COLLECT TOLL THROUGH SMART TRAFFIC
OPERATIONS.
56. TRAFFIC JAM
• WHEN SMART TUNNEL REQUIRES TIMES TO CLEAN UP THUS IT WILL BE CLOSED TO PUBLIC , THIS
WILL CAUSE THE TRAFFIC CONGESTION PROBLEMS REMAINS UNSOLVED.
57. BLIND CORNER
• THE EXIT OF TUNNEL IS CONCEALED BEHIND THE BLIND CORNER HENCE SOME DRIVERS WOULD
POSSIBLY STOP SUDDENLY IN THE MIDDLE OF ROAD BECAUSE THEY HAVE NO IDEA WHICH ROAD TO
EXIT.
• MORE ROAD SIGNS OR NOTIFICATIONS ARE REQUIRED TO INFORM THE DRIVERS WHERE TO EXIT.
58. ROAD CONDITIONS
• MANY OF THE ROAD USERS COMPLAINED ABOUT THE BUMPY ROAD IN THE SMART TUNNEL AS IT
MAY BECOME A MINOR NUISANCE TO ALL THE DRIVERS THAT WOULD CAUSE MINOR DAMAGE TO
CARS AND EVEN RESULT IN A CAR ACCIDENT.
• HOWEVER, ACCORDING TO MOHD NOOR MOHD ALI, THIS SPECIAL ROUGH ROAD SURFACE IS
DESIGNED WITH FEATURES TO REDUCE SPEED.
61. INFILTRATION PRACTICES
CONSTRUCTS STRUCTURES OR LANDSCAPES TO INFILTRATE
RUNOFF WATER
FUNCTION OF INFILTRATION
PRACTICES:
• REDUCE THE VOLUME OF DISCHARGED STORMWATER AND INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRED TO BE
CONDUCT, CURE OR MANAGE RUNOFFS
• LIP DEVELOPMENT OR IMPROVEMENT IN WHICH IT BRINGS LESS OR NO HARM TO THE
ENVIRONMENT WHICH IN THIS CASE
• BASICALLY MEANS DEVELOPMENT TO STORMWATER MANAGEMENT WHICH IS GREEN AND
ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY
62. RUNOFF STORAGE PRACTICES
• EXAMPLES: GREEN ROOF / ECO ROOF
• THE ROOF IS PLANTED WITH PLANTS AS STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PROCESSES INSTEAD OF
USING CONCRETE OR GLASS
• THE PLANTS ARE ABLE TO TRAP RAIN WATER FOR STORAGE TO BE REUSED AND AT THE SAME TIME
IT WATERS PLANTS
63. • RUNOFF PRACTICES CAN BE IMPLEMENTED IN CAR PARKS, STREETS, AND PEDESTRIAN PATHS BY
INSTALLING STORAGE TANKS BELOW THEM.
• IT IS A DIRECT DISCHARGE FROM THE SURFACE TO BE STORED TEMPORARILY IN UNDERGROUND
STORAGE TANKS IN ORDER TO CONTROL THE FLOW OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE.
64. POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF
LID
• RECHARGE OF GROUNDWATER
• IMPROVEMENT OF WATER QUALITY
• PROTECTION OF DOWNSTREAM RESOURCES
• IMPROVEMENT OF HABITAT
• IMPROVES AESTHETICS IN STREAMS AND RIVERS
• ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION
• CONSERVATION OF WATER AND ENERGY
• REDUCED DOWNSTREAM FLOODING AND EROSION