This document describes the design and development of a low-cost security alarm system using optoelectronic devices. The system uses an oscillator circuit to generate a frequency that is spread around an area by a photo transistor sensor. When an unauthorized entry is detected, the sensor sends a signal to an amplifier and then to a speaker, which produces an alarm sound. The system operates using an external power supply, with a battery as a backup power source. The document provides details on the design of the oscillator circuit, sensor, amplifier, power supply, and other components. It also discusses testing conducted and concludes the system provides a simple, effective and affordable way to monitor for intruders in homes, businesses and other locations.
A novel hybrid communication technique involving power line communication and...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Smart Handheld Measuring and Testing Electronic Device with Touch ScreenIJTET Journal
Hand in hand instrument replaces the old traditional way of measuring and testing in colleges and helps in easy way of understanding theoretical concepts based on practical knowledge. As there occurs shortage of instruments, long duration of calculation, large occupation of space, low accuracy, inconvenience come about in completing the work. A single Smart device which is a multipurpose handheld instrument overcomes the above difficulties and helps in measuring voltage, current, resistance, frequency, temperature, speed, sound and to observe waveforms for engineering students in the laboratories. In a single ARM Cortex M3 microcontroller all measurements are done and displayed within a fraction of time in the TFT graphical LCD display. The data and waveforms from oscilloscope can be saved and retrieved for future analyzing purpose which is done using a Micro SD memory card. The device is fully operated with touch screen and touch buttons. The device works with help of LPC1313, a powerful 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller from NXP Semiconductors.
A novel hybrid communication technique involving power line communication and...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A novel hybrid communication technique involving power line communication and...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Smart Handheld Measuring and Testing Electronic Device with Touch ScreenIJTET Journal
Hand in hand instrument replaces the old traditional way of measuring and testing in colleges and helps in easy way of understanding theoretical concepts based on practical knowledge. As there occurs shortage of instruments, long duration of calculation, large occupation of space, low accuracy, inconvenience come about in completing the work. A single Smart device which is a multipurpose handheld instrument overcomes the above difficulties and helps in measuring voltage, current, resistance, frequency, temperature, speed, sound and to observe waveforms for engineering students in the laboratories. In a single ARM Cortex M3 microcontroller all measurements are done and displayed within a fraction of time in the TFT graphical LCD display. The data and waveforms from oscilloscope can be saved and retrieved for future analyzing purpose which is done using a Micro SD memory card. The device is fully operated with touch screen and touch buttons. The device works with help of LPC1313, a powerful 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller from NXP Semiconductors.
A novel hybrid communication technique involving power line communication and...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
In Today's Modern World, Machine the Heart of Electrical Engineering have a lot of Applications such as Controlling, Monitoring, Maintenance,etc So for this Application for wide and Easy control of Speed and Other Factors,here Wireless Control of both AC and DC operated motor are discussed, Sometimes it's difficult to control machine at site but by using Wireless Mode we can Control the same from anywhere and anytime.
Design of smart wireless changeover for continuous electric current feeding f...IJECEIAES
Electric power has become a vital element for life today. Despite this importance, electric power consumers in Iraq suffer from the problem of noncontinuity and daily electric power supply interruption. This problem led to the use of various sources of electric power as an alternative to compensate for the shortage of electric power provided by the Iraqi national grid. In this work, a smart wireless changeover device is designed using wireless sensor networks technology aiming to solve problem caused by the multiplicity of power sources received at home and governmental buildings in Iraq by controlling operation of some electrical devices (which consume high current) in the home or workplace automatically when changing source of electricity from one to another. This solution will help to ensure the continuity of electric current feeding from power sources of variable capacities, also, to rationalize power consumption by assigning an operation priority to electric devices. Furthermore, a statistical measurement as a case study was performed in a building with a total power consumption of 160.8 KW/h. The result showed that the device functions effectively and it is capable of achieving an average saving in power of about 50% to 86% depending on the applied priorities and case study scenario.
System of smart detection and control to electrical energy for saving of elec...journalBEEI
Public campus has a mandate to saving of electrical energy. Electrical energy consumption is often wasteful in building. There is tendency wasteful by user. Electronic equipment is often still turn on at idle time. Only a few students want to turn off the equipment and shut down the computer. Saving of electrical energy is not only at idle time but it can be improved into operational hour. It is not depending on idle time or operational hours, but depends on human presence. Implementation of electrical energy saving has to be supported by frugal behavior and equipment technology. In this study, we name system of smart detection and control to electrical energy (Sisdece). This system is consist of hardware and software. Hardware applies passive infrared sensor (PIR) sensor, wireless sensor network (WSN), microcontroller ESP32, access point, relay. Software use C++, hypertext preprocessor (PHP), hypertext markup language (HTML) and android studio. Result of measurement has been done in a month during November 2020. Average of energy saved is 12.51 kWh and total of electrical energy is 105.86 kWh. Comparison of energy saved to electrical energy is 11.81%. This is a significant reduction to electrical bill. The result is expected as benchmark of electrical energy management in Politeknik Negeri Medan (POLMED).
This document has been prepared related to a project of designing and implementing a single phase 230V 40A digital prepaid energy meter according to IEC standards.
Implementation of Transformer Protection by Intelligent Electronic Device for...IJERA Editor
Protection of power system equipments was traditionally done by using electromagnetic relay, static relays, and
numerical relays. At present the microprocessor based relays are replacing the old Electromagnetic relays
because of their high level accuracy and fast operation. RET670(Transformer protection relay ), an IED
(INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICE) provides fast and selective protection, monitoring, and control of all
types of transformer. The configured IED is tested under different fault conditions simulated by using mobile test
kit to ensure IED’s reliable operation on site. With preconfigured algorithms, the IED will automatically
reconfigure the network in case of a fault, and a service restoration is carried out within milliseconds by giving
trip signal to the corresponding Circuit breakers. On receiving the trip signal the circuit breaker operates
providing quicker isolation of transformers under the fault condition. This enables to have a complete and an
adequate protection to the specified power transformer.
Embedded systems are inseparable part of our life. Whether we are at home or office or on the move, we are always surrounding by embedded systems. Starting from home appliance like TV, washing machine and system like printer and elevator in workplace to the automobiles and automatic traffic control system are all example of embedded system. All kind of magazines and journals regularly dish out detail about latest technologies, new devices; fast applications which make us believe that our basic survival is controlled by these embedded product.
With growth and advancements in the field of electronics, wireless communications, networking, cognitive and affective computing and robotics, devices around you communicate in more ways than you ever imagined. Those times are not very distant when every object around us will have a small processor/sensor embedded within itself, invisible to us but still communicating with all other devices around, making our lives more connected and accessible than ever before. The future of embedded systems lies in the advancement of technologies that enable faster communications, heavy data storage capacities and highly interwoven connections among the devices. Before diving into the enormous number of applications of embedded systems. In many major countries also, Precision farming has gained a lot of traction.
BLACK BOX INVESTIGATION SYSTEM FOR VEHICLESMriganka Das
As the number of vehicles has grown in a tremendous rate in the last century, the world has become totally dependent on vehicles for the transportation purpose. But due to heavy traffics and improper ways of driving and sometimes accidentally the vehicles also face the problems of accidents causing a large amount of casualties.
Distance relay is mainly used for fault detection in the power system. But it cannot be used below 11kV. Hence an electronic smart energy meter is developed for the detection of the fault in the distribution system. It consists of a fault detection circuit and an IoT module. The fault detector senses the presence of a fault and give a command signal to the circuit breaker and also passes these fault signal to the operator. This proposed system will be a perfect solution for three major challenges faced in the distribution sector such as automatic fault isolation, information about the fault to the operator and exact location of the fault. The energy meter is capable of displaying the cost of the unit consumed according to their tariff. The variation in tariff can be controlled by an operator using IoT. The initial cost of the proposed system is comparatively higher than the traditional system. As a long term consideration, the cost of installation can be compensated by reducing the wastage of energy by making the consumer aware of the consumption details.
4. reading energy from piece fair energy meter by using esp8266k srikanth
Reading power consumption from a load is a difficult task. Everyone wants to know that how much power my load is consumed. Even in industries and home appliances everyone wants to know that details of power consumption. These days’ technologies improved a lot. So everyone wants to measure the load data. ESP 8266 is a serial to Wi-Fi microcontroller.
Modern Street Lightening System with Intensity Control using GSMpaperpublications3
Abstract: As the LED's lumen efficiency increases rapidly in recent years, many new LED illumination applications are emerging. LEDs have features such as long-life, small and low power consumption. Therefore, they are used in various occasion such as full color large sized LED displays, traffic lights, and etc. In this paper, an energy efficient street lighting system is proposed. The presented system consists of a LED lamp module, which can be controlled from remote location. The proposed remote-control system can optimize intensity and efficiency of street lighting systems. It uses GSM based wireless devices which enable more efficient street lamp-system management, thanks to an advanced interface and control architecture. It uses a sensor combination to control and guarantee the desired system parameters; the information is transferred point by point using GSM Module and is sent to a control terminal used to check the status of the street lamps and to take appropriate measures in case of failure.A developed prototype system will be presented in this paper and experiments will be performed to verify the correctness of the proposed system. According to the experimental results, the lighting efficiency is 85 % and the conversion efficiency is 90 %.
Keywords: WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), IR (Infrared) CEPT (Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs), IDEN (Integrated Digital Enhanced Network).
Title: Modern Street Lightening System with Intensity Control using GSM
Author: Kapil Aherkar, Pratik Dongrikar, Nikul Dengda, Sukrit Bhattacharya
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
Study on Coefficient of Permeability of Copper slag when admixed with Lime an...IOSR Journals
Production of waste in unpredictable amounts is almost in every part of metal and non metal casting
trade. These wastes can be converted to material goods if processed for vital improvement of valuables
provided it is cost-effective. Random dumping of these wastes may lead to environmental problems and
therefore, presently the reuse of the waste materials in various fields is seen for fairly various periods. Copper
slag is a waste product generated during the smelting process for the production of copper. It has been
estimated that for every tonne of copper produced, about 1.8-2.2 tonnes of copper slag is generated as a waste.
Due to increase in production capacity of copper, copper slag getting accumulated require additional dumping
space and causing wastage of good cultivable land. The present paper discusses the laboratory test results of
coefficient of permeability tests conducted on copper slag mixed with cement and lime. The copper slag mixed
with lime and cement in various percentages were kept for curing and then tested after 7, 14, 28 days. Effective
results were observed for the coefficient of permeability of copper slag on addition of lime and cement from 0%
to 10%. There is a decrease in coefficient of permeability value as the percentage of addition of lime and cement
increases and with the curing period. The coefficient of permeability is very high for copper slag alone. When
copper slag is mixed with a binding material like lime or cement, there is a reduction in permeability. Also upon
mixing the same with an expansive soil, it may be suitable to reduce the swelling characteristics by developing
pozzolanic reactions.
In Today's Modern World, Machine the Heart of Electrical Engineering have a lot of Applications such as Controlling, Monitoring, Maintenance,etc So for this Application for wide and Easy control of Speed and Other Factors,here Wireless Control of both AC and DC operated motor are discussed, Sometimes it's difficult to control machine at site but by using Wireless Mode we can Control the same from anywhere and anytime.
Design of smart wireless changeover for continuous electric current feeding f...IJECEIAES
Electric power has become a vital element for life today. Despite this importance, electric power consumers in Iraq suffer from the problem of noncontinuity and daily electric power supply interruption. This problem led to the use of various sources of electric power as an alternative to compensate for the shortage of electric power provided by the Iraqi national grid. In this work, a smart wireless changeover device is designed using wireless sensor networks technology aiming to solve problem caused by the multiplicity of power sources received at home and governmental buildings in Iraq by controlling operation of some electrical devices (which consume high current) in the home or workplace automatically when changing source of electricity from one to another. This solution will help to ensure the continuity of electric current feeding from power sources of variable capacities, also, to rationalize power consumption by assigning an operation priority to electric devices. Furthermore, a statistical measurement as a case study was performed in a building with a total power consumption of 160.8 KW/h. The result showed that the device functions effectively and it is capable of achieving an average saving in power of about 50% to 86% depending on the applied priorities and case study scenario.
System of smart detection and control to electrical energy for saving of elec...journalBEEI
Public campus has a mandate to saving of electrical energy. Electrical energy consumption is often wasteful in building. There is tendency wasteful by user. Electronic equipment is often still turn on at idle time. Only a few students want to turn off the equipment and shut down the computer. Saving of electrical energy is not only at idle time but it can be improved into operational hour. It is not depending on idle time or operational hours, but depends on human presence. Implementation of electrical energy saving has to be supported by frugal behavior and equipment technology. In this study, we name system of smart detection and control to electrical energy (Sisdece). This system is consist of hardware and software. Hardware applies passive infrared sensor (PIR) sensor, wireless sensor network (WSN), microcontroller ESP32, access point, relay. Software use C++, hypertext preprocessor (PHP), hypertext markup language (HTML) and android studio. Result of measurement has been done in a month during November 2020. Average of energy saved is 12.51 kWh and total of electrical energy is 105.86 kWh. Comparison of energy saved to electrical energy is 11.81%. This is a significant reduction to electrical bill. The result is expected as benchmark of electrical energy management in Politeknik Negeri Medan (POLMED).
This document has been prepared related to a project of designing and implementing a single phase 230V 40A digital prepaid energy meter according to IEC standards.
Implementation of Transformer Protection by Intelligent Electronic Device for...IJERA Editor
Protection of power system equipments was traditionally done by using electromagnetic relay, static relays, and
numerical relays. At present the microprocessor based relays are replacing the old Electromagnetic relays
because of their high level accuracy and fast operation. RET670(Transformer protection relay ), an IED
(INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICE) provides fast and selective protection, monitoring, and control of all
types of transformer. The configured IED is tested under different fault conditions simulated by using mobile test
kit to ensure IED’s reliable operation on site. With preconfigured algorithms, the IED will automatically
reconfigure the network in case of a fault, and a service restoration is carried out within milliseconds by giving
trip signal to the corresponding Circuit breakers. On receiving the trip signal the circuit breaker operates
providing quicker isolation of transformers under the fault condition. This enables to have a complete and an
adequate protection to the specified power transformer.
Embedded systems are inseparable part of our life. Whether we are at home or office or on the move, we are always surrounding by embedded systems. Starting from home appliance like TV, washing machine and system like printer and elevator in workplace to the automobiles and automatic traffic control system are all example of embedded system. All kind of magazines and journals regularly dish out detail about latest technologies, new devices; fast applications which make us believe that our basic survival is controlled by these embedded product.
With growth and advancements in the field of electronics, wireless communications, networking, cognitive and affective computing and robotics, devices around you communicate in more ways than you ever imagined. Those times are not very distant when every object around us will have a small processor/sensor embedded within itself, invisible to us but still communicating with all other devices around, making our lives more connected and accessible than ever before. The future of embedded systems lies in the advancement of technologies that enable faster communications, heavy data storage capacities and highly interwoven connections among the devices. Before diving into the enormous number of applications of embedded systems. In many major countries also, Precision farming has gained a lot of traction.
BLACK BOX INVESTIGATION SYSTEM FOR VEHICLESMriganka Das
As the number of vehicles has grown in a tremendous rate in the last century, the world has become totally dependent on vehicles for the transportation purpose. But due to heavy traffics and improper ways of driving and sometimes accidentally the vehicles also face the problems of accidents causing a large amount of casualties.
Distance relay is mainly used for fault detection in the power system. But it cannot be used below 11kV. Hence an electronic smart energy meter is developed for the detection of the fault in the distribution system. It consists of a fault detection circuit and an IoT module. The fault detector senses the presence of a fault and give a command signal to the circuit breaker and also passes these fault signal to the operator. This proposed system will be a perfect solution for three major challenges faced in the distribution sector such as automatic fault isolation, information about the fault to the operator and exact location of the fault. The energy meter is capable of displaying the cost of the unit consumed according to their tariff. The variation in tariff can be controlled by an operator using IoT. The initial cost of the proposed system is comparatively higher than the traditional system. As a long term consideration, the cost of installation can be compensated by reducing the wastage of energy by making the consumer aware of the consumption details.
4. reading energy from piece fair energy meter by using esp8266k srikanth
Reading power consumption from a load is a difficult task. Everyone wants to know that how much power my load is consumed. Even in industries and home appliances everyone wants to know that details of power consumption. These days’ technologies improved a lot. So everyone wants to measure the load data. ESP 8266 is a serial to Wi-Fi microcontroller.
Modern Street Lightening System with Intensity Control using GSMpaperpublications3
Abstract: As the LED's lumen efficiency increases rapidly in recent years, many new LED illumination applications are emerging. LEDs have features such as long-life, small and low power consumption. Therefore, they are used in various occasion such as full color large sized LED displays, traffic lights, and etc. In this paper, an energy efficient street lighting system is proposed. The presented system consists of a LED lamp module, which can be controlled from remote location. The proposed remote-control system can optimize intensity and efficiency of street lighting systems. It uses GSM based wireless devices which enable more efficient street lamp-system management, thanks to an advanced interface and control architecture. It uses a sensor combination to control and guarantee the desired system parameters; the information is transferred point by point using GSM Module and is sent to a control terminal used to check the status of the street lamps and to take appropriate measures in case of failure.A developed prototype system will be presented in this paper and experiments will be performed to verify the correctness of the proposed system. According to the experimental results, the lighting efficiency is 85 % and the conversion efficiency is 90 %.
Keywords: WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), IR (Infrared) CEPT (Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs), IDEN (Integrated Digital Enhanced Network).
Title: Modern Street Lightening System with Intensity Control using GSM
Author: Kapil Aherkar, Pratik Dongrikar, Nikul Dengda, Sukrit Bhattacharya
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
Study on Coefficient of Permeability of Copper slag when admixed with Lime an...IOSR Journals
Production of waste in unpredictable amounts is almost in every part of metal and non metal casting
trade. These wastes can be converted to material goods if processed for vital improvement of valuables
provided it is cost-effective. Random dumping of these wastes may lead to environmental problems and
therefore, presently the reuse of the waste materials in various fields is seen for fairly various periods. Copper
slag is a waste product generated during the smelting process for the production of copper. It has been
estimated that for every tonne of copper produced, about 1.8-2.2 tonnes of copper slag is generated as a waste.
Due to increase in production capacity of copper, copper slag getting accumulated require additional dumping
space and causing wastage of good cultivable land. The present paper discusses the laboratory test results of
coefficient of permeability tests conducted on copper slag mixed with cement and lime. The copper slag mixed
with lime and cement in various percentages were kept for curing and then tested after 7, 14, 28 days. Effective
results were observed for the coefficient of permeability of copper slag on addition of lime and cement from 0%
to 10%. There is a decrease in coefficient of permeability value as the percentage of addition of lime and cement
increases and with the curing period. The coefficient of permeability is very high for copper slag alone. When
copper slag is mixed with a binding material like lime or cement, there is a reduction in permeability. Also upon
mixing the same with an expansive soil, it may be suitable to reduce the swelling characteristics by developing
pozzolanic reactions.
Feasibility of Copper Slag – Fly Ash Mix as a Road Construction Material IDES Editor
In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the
feasibility of copper slag – fly ash mix for use in subbase
course of the flexible pavements. A number of cylindrical test
specimens (38 mm diameter and 76 mm height) were prepared
with raw materials such as copper slag and fly ash in different
proportions. These samples were cured at a temperature of
30 0C and relative humidity of 85% in a humidity controlled
chamber for different curing period of 0, 7, 14 and 28 days.
The geotechnical properties of different trial mixes, namely,
unconfined compressive strength, soaked CBR and triaxial
shear strength were determined. The effects of fly ash and
content and curing period on the above geotechnical properties
were investigated. From the present study the 30% fly ash
+70% copper slag mix was found to be optimum for use in
subbase layers of the flexible pavements. Therefore,
construction of road pavements utilizing the optimum mix as
stated above is possible. This will help in conserving the
conventional aggregates used for subbase and eliminate
problems related to disposal of industrial waste like copper
slag and fly ash.
Effect of Copper Slag as a Fine Aggregate on Properties of ConcreteAM Publications
In this work, an extensive study using copper slag has been carried out to investigate strength, workability and durability. Copper slag is an industrial by-product material produced from the process of manufacturing copper. For, 2.2 tonnes of copper slag is generated at every ton of copper production in the world of copper industry, it has approximately 26.6 million tons of copper slag are generated. Copper slag as a substitute for conventional fine aggregate with partial or full replacement using M25 grade concrete The main objective is to encourage the use of these seemingly waste products as a construction material. In this paper , the effect of using copper slag as a fine aggregate on properties of cement mortars and concrete various mortars & concrete mixtures were prepared with different proportions of copper slag ranging from (0CS+100S)%, (10CS+90S)%, (20CS+80S)%,(30CS+70S)%, (40CS+60S)%, (50CS+50S)%, (60CS+40S)%, (70CS+30S)%, (80CS+20S)%, (90CS+10S)%, (100+0S)%. Form the above test result we concluded that the 50% CS+50% S gives optimum proportional of CS that can be used as a replacement substitute material for fine aggregate in concrete. The design M25 grade concrete for 50% replacement of CS shows the HPC characteristics. The design M25 grade concrete for 30% replacement of CS shows the HPC characteristics. We can fully replace (100%CS) by fine aggregate in concrete, because of above all test result more than control mix. We can use any proportion of CS replacement as pre our requirement for creating concrete, because we concluded that the all result of replacement of CS is more than control mix.
Wireless power transmission (WPT) has attracted a wide variety of subjects in various disciplines and has also become a highly active research field due to its capacity to facilitate charging systems. Wireless power transmission will be compulsory to use soon as this technology enables electrical energy to be transmitted from a power source to an electrical load over an air gap without connecting wires. Wireless power transmission has been developed in the low power (1W to 10W) and high power (100W-500W) region. While the low power region development focuses on powering medical transplants and mobile charging, the higher end of the power spectrum is being developed for the electric vehicle (EV) applications. However medium power range (10W to 100W) is relatively unexplored due to lack of proper applications. The commercial WPT scheme is mainly used for the charging of lithium-ion batteries. Sensitive medium power loads like Lithium Polymer (LiPo) batteries do not have a wireless modular charging system. This paper discusses a proposed scheme for wireless charging of medium-range loads. LiPo batteries are used as the targeted charging load. A minimalistic approach has been considered while designing the electronics for efficiency improvement and a compact, modular scheme. The proposed scheme has been developed for drone and robotics applications and the results are validated.
speed control of three phase induction motor using IOTswaroop009
The main aim is to control and monitor the speed of the three-phase induction motor by using the Arduino, node MCU controller and 3-phase inverter circuits.
Modelling and Implementation of Microprocessor Based Numerical Relay for Prot...Kashif Mehmood
This paper includes the design and implementation of Numerical Relay that can protect the equipment against over-voltage, over-current and under voltage. Although, every power system is subjected to faults and these faults can severe damage to the power system. Therefore, it is necessary
to observe and resolve in time to avoid a large damage such as blackouts. For this purpose, there
should be some sensing devices, which give signals to the circuit breakers for preventing of power
system damages. The multipurpose relays have much importance role in power system for sensing
and measuring the amplitude of faults. Numerical relay provides settings of over-current, overvoltage and under voltage values. Simulations have been carried out using Proteus software along
with tested on hardware with Arduino Uno Microcontroller that proves the working and operation of
numerical relay.
It is a new concept in world of Electricity measurement. This concept is not only beneficial for electricity measurement but also has the capability to prevent theft and misuses of electricity. The concept of IOT (Internet of Things) based prepaid energy meter is very similar to prepaid mobile system, you recharge and spend Accordingly.
When the purchased units are used up by the consumer the meter disconnect the power supply until the next Recharge. The system will automatically notify the consumer to recharge before zero balance unit recharge will be done by the service provider.
The internet of things (IoT) has a significant impact on increasing the efficiency and quality of electricity in large power systems. Smart voltage and current monitoring systems (SVCMS) have been developed using a novel method. Using an Arduino Uno microcontroller and a Wi-Fi module, the integrated SVCMS design measures voltage and current sensor findings and sends the processed data to an Android phone. In order to communicate, the global systems for mobile communication (GSM) module is required. When anything goes wrong, an Android app may be used to notify users by text message or email and help them take the right action. It is possible to remotely monitor and control the operation of a gadget using logical programming techniques in Arduino which results easy load control.
This paper presents a high voltage conversion at high sensitivity RF energy harvesting system for IoT applications. The harvesting system comprises bulk-to-source (BTMOS) differential-drive based rectifier to produce a high efficiency RF energy harvesting system. Low-pass upward impedance matching network is applied at the rectifier input to increase the sensitivity and output voltage. Dual-oxide-thickness transistors are used in the rectifier circuit to maintain the power efficiency at each stage of the rectifier. The system is designed using 0.18µm Silterra RF in deep n-well process technology and achieves 4.07V output at -16dBm sensitivity without the need of complex auxiliary control circuit and DC-DC charge-pump circuit. The system is targeted for urban environment.
This paper describe the design and
implementation of an “Automatic method of protecting
transformer as an alternative to the fuse protection technique”.
The aim of this paper is to provide an alternative, effective,
efficient and more reliable method of protecting fault from
power transformer which may arose as a result of overload,
high temperature or a high input voltage. Generally, fault may
occur in transformers due to the stated reasons. To safeguard
the damage of the transformer with the aid and help of
microcontroller we monitor and control the entire circuitry.
Thereafter regarding the monitoring and control, information
about the operation of the parameters would be transmitted to a
personal computer for general monitoring and control, which
avoid the need of the lines men who had to go to the transformer
to re-fix fuses. Lastly, a working system was demonstrated to
authenticate the design and possible improvements were also
presented.
Design of wireless sensor network for building management systemsTSriyaSharma
The primary objective of such this project is to achieve an optimal level of control of occupant comfort while minimizing energy use. Monitoring temperature, pressure, humidity occupancy, and flow rates are key functions of modern building control systems.
Abstract: Insecurity and crime constitute some of the major problems facing our society today. People live with fear of being attacked by thieves. Despite all the effort, resources and time this lead to the development of tools that will reduce crime rates and make the world a safer place to live, these problems are still on the increase. These gave rise to the need for an increasing development in the technology of alarm systems.
Keywords: Touch Sensing, Alarm, Security System, Indicator.
Title: A Simple and Reliable Touch Sensitive Security System
Author: Mohammed Sameer Hussain, Mirza Mohammed Abed Ullah Baig, Adnan Adil, Syed Samdani, S V Altaf
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
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Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
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And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
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Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
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Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
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Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
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Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
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Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
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AI for Every Business: Unlocking Your Product's Universal Potential by VP of ...
D010411923
1. IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 10, Issue 4, Ver. I (Jul - Aug .2015), PP 19-23
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/2834-10411923 www.iosrjournals.org 19 | Page
Design and Development of Low Cost Security Alarm Using
Optoelectronic Device
Md. Barkat Ullah1
, Humayun Kabir1*
,Tanu Shree Roy2
, Ashraf Mehbub3
,
Kazi Golam Martuza1
, Md. Ramjan Ali1
, Md. Abdul Mannan Chowdhury1
,
1
Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh.
2
Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
3
Department of Natural Science, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
*
Address for correspondence: Humayun Kabir, Email: rumy140@juniv.edu
Abstract: Nowadays security has become a major concern in our modern world due to the high rate of
robbery, thief etc. in many important places such as home, museum, office, and other business places. Due to
the importance of security in our lives as humans, this research work aims at designing a security system that
could be used in home, museum, office, and other business places as well. The designed security system is
simple, effective and cheap. An oscillator circuit is designed to produce a desired frequency and a photo
transistor is used as a sensor. This sensor spreads the frequency around a certain area. When unauthorized
entry occurs in this area the frequency detects it. Then the sensor passes a signal to a speaker through certain
amplifiers and then the speaker produces sound. This security system is operated by an external power supply.
An additional power supply (a battery) is used as an alternative power supply. When there is no external power
supply, the security system is operated by this additional power supply.
Keywords: Security system, oscillator circuit, photo transistor, sensor and power supply.
I. Introduction
A security alarm is a system designed to detect intrusion – unauthorized entry – into a building or area.
Security alarms are used in residential, commercial, industrial, and military properties for protection against
burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal protection against intruders. Car alarms likewise protect
vehicles and their contents. Prisons also use security systems for control of inmates [1]. Some alarm systems
serve a single purpose of burglary protection; combination systems provide both fire and intrusion protection.
Intrusion alarm systems may also be combined with closed-circuit television surveillance systems to
automatically record the activities of intruders, and may interface to access control systems for electrically
locked doors. Systems range from small, self-contained noisemakers, to complicated, multi-area systems with
computer monitoring and control.
The most basic alarm consists of one or more sensors to detect intruders, and an alerting device to
indicate the intrusion. However, a typical premises security alarm employs the various components, namely:
Premises control unit (PCU), Alarm Control Panel (ACP), or simply panel, Sensors [2], Alerting devices,
Interconnections, Security devices, etc. In addition to the system itself, security alarms are often coupled with a
monitoring service. In the event of an alarm, the premises control unit contacts a central monitoring station.
Operators at the station see the signal and take appropriate action, such as contacting property owners, notifying
police, or dispatching private security forces. Such signals may be transmitted via dedicated alarm circuits,
telephone lines, or Internet.
C. K. Ng [3] et al has developed a wireless security system where an alarm system
isprogrammed in a graphical user interface ( GUI).The system is used to monitor the RFID reader, RFID tag
and the GSM terminal. The information obtained from the tag is sent to the server in a RF link that is exhibited
in a G UI. If the laptop is stolen from the stopped until the laptop is put back in the covered region, or
the program is cove re d region, the alarm system will start to draw attention. Meanwhile, the laptop
owner willbe notified by an alert message. In addition, the alarm system will not be stopped until the
laptop is put back in the covered region, or the program is stopped/terminated. RFID have been
available for many years for reading bar c odes RFID tag located several meters away [4-7]. It is
increasingly being used in other applications ranging from inventory management to anti-counterfeiting
protection. GUI [8] is used in a vehicle security system where the information is controlled via the GUI. The
system is activated when the tag is read while the motorcycle is being located within the effective range.
The aim of this project is to design an electronic device in order to minimize the high rate of
criminal activities in our homes and industries.
2. Design And Development Of Low Cost Security Alarm Using Optoelectronic Device
DOI: 10.9790/2834-10411923 www.iosrjournals.org 20 | Page
II. Design And Circuit Description
The complete circuit diagram of the designed IPS is shown in Fig. 2. The descriptions of each part are furnished
below:
Fig. 1: Complete circuit diagram of the security alarm.
2.1 Transformer
A transformer is an electronic device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through
inductively coupled conductors known as the transformer's coils. A transformer has a primary coil and a
secondary coil. It transfers or induces AC electrical power from its primary winding to its secondary winding.
The DC power can never be transferred within the windings. The DC power is first converted into AC power
and then transferred by it. A varying current is applied in the first or primary winding that creates a varying
magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a varying magnetic field through the secondary winding. This
varying magnetic field induces a varying electromotive force (EMF), or "voltage", in the secondary coil. The
size of a transformer ranges from small unit weighing a few gm like a coupling transformer hidden inside a
stage microphone to huge units weighing hundreds of tons used to interconnect portions of power grids. All
operate with the same basic principles [9].
2.2 Power supply and charger circuit
A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The primary
function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another and, as a result, power supplies
are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. All power supplies have a power input, which receives
energy from the energy source, and a power output that delivers energy to the load. In most power supplies the
power input and output consist of electrical connectors or hardwired circuit connections, though some power
supplies employ wireless energy transfer in lieu of galvanic connections for the power input or output. Some
power supplies have other types of inputs and outputs as well, for functions such as external monitoring and
control [10]. The power supply is a combination of three sections [11-13], namely: bridge rectifier, a capacitor
filter and IC voltage regulator. Fig. 2 shows the designed low voltage power supply and the charger circuit.
3. Design And Development Of Low Cost Security Alarm Using Optoelectronic Device
DOI: 10.9790/2834-10411923 www.iosrjournals.org 21 | Page
Fig. 2: Schematic diagram of low voltage regulated power supply and charger circuit.
2.2.1 Bridge rectifier: The bridge rectifier converts the step-down transformer‟s secondary ac voltage into
pulsating dc voltage [9].
2.2.2. Capacitor filter: The pulsating dc voltage is applied to the capacitor filter. This filter circuit reduces the
pulsations in the rectifier dc output voltage and the output voltage is 6V.
2.2.3 IC voltage regulator: The IC voltage regulator provides regulated output and C2 is used to improve
transient response. Although voltage regulators can be designed using op-amp, it is quicker and easier to use IC
voltage regulators [14]. In this design a positive fixed voltage regulator L7805 is used.
2.3 Battery
A battery is a device that converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy. It consists of a number
of voltaic cells; each voltaic cell consists of two half cells connected in series by a conductive electrolyte
containing anions and cations. One half-cell includes electrolyte and the electrode to which anions migrate, i.e.,
the anode or negative electrode; the other half-cell includes electrolyte and the electrode to which cations
migrate, i.e., the cathode or positive electrode. In the redox reaction that powers the battery, cations are reduced
(electrons are added) at the cathode, while anions are oxidized (electrons are removed) at the anode. The
electrodes do not touch each other but are electrically connected by the electrolyte. Some cells use two half-cells
with different electrolytes. A separator between half cells allows ions to flow, but prevents mixing of the
electrolytes [15].
2.4 The Oscillator Circuit
Generally, an electronic circuit that produces a repetitive electronic signal is known as an electronic
oscillator. More precisely, an oscillator is a circuit that generates a repetitive wave form of fixed amplitude and
frequency without any external input signal. Basically the function of an oscillator is to generate alternating
current or voltage wave form. It often produces a sine wave or a square wave with adjustable frequency and
voltage requiring no ac drive. In other words oscillators may be considered as an amplifier with infinite gain.
They may also be treated as a dc to ac converter without any external input [16, 17]. Generally Oscillators are
characterized by the frequency of their output signal. An audio oscillator produces frequencies in the audio
range, about 16 Hz to 20 kHz. An RF oscillator produces signals in the radio frequency (RF) range of about
100 kHz to 100 GHz. A low-frequency oscillator (LFO) is an electronic oscillator that generates a frequency
below ≈20 Hz. Oscillators that produce a high-power AC output from a DC supply are usually termed as
inverters.
4. Design And Development Of Low Cost Security Alarm Using Optoelectronic Device
DOI: 10.9790/2834-10411923 www.iosrjournals.org 22 | Page
2.4 The Amplifier
An electronic amplifier, amplifier, or (informally) amp is an electronic device that increases the power
of a signal. The amplifier is often described as the heart or the nervous system of a microphone or loudspeaker,
the total amount of watts used by the amp is usually a 50 watt stereo [18]. It does this by taking energy from a
power supply and controlling the output to match the input signal shape but with a larger amplitude. In this
sense, an amplifier modulates the output of the power supply to make the output signal stronger than the input
signal. An amplifier is effectively the opposite of an attenuator: while an amplifier provides gain, an attenuator
provides loss. The four basic types of electronic amplifiers are voltage amplifiers, current amplifiers,
transconductance amplifiers, and transresistance amplifiers. A further distinction is whether the output is a linear
or nonlinear representation of the input. Amplifiers can also be categorized by their physical placement in the
signal chain [19].
2.5 The sensor
A photo-transistor is used here as a sensor which is also known as pyroelectric (PIR) sensor. This
sensor uses infrared radiation to detect unauthorized entry [20].
III. Results And Discussion
The design of this work was planned in step-by-step and systematic way. At first the whole system was
outlined in a block diagram and then the different parts of the circuits of the block was designed and tested.
Finally the whole system of the designed system was developed and following data‟s have been obtained.
Transformer:
Primary Input: 220V, 50 Hz.
Secondary Output: 5V, 50 Hz.
Rectifier:
Input: 5V, AC
Output: 6.5V, DC
Voltage regulator:
Input: 6.5V, DC
Output: 5V, DC
The main reason for testing all the components before they were finally soldered on the breadboard is
to avoid the painstaking effort it will take to dis-solder faulty components at the end of the day. From the
continuity test carried out on the breadboard to check the circuit path, it was discovered that the circuit was in a
perfect working condition as continuity was ensured. Simulation of the circuit design was also done as
mentioned earlier, with the sole objective of comparing the results obtained from design calculations to that
obtained from simulation. The two results when compared closely correspond with only a very slight
discrepancy in values. Finally simple sound activated burglar alarm system has been designed, constructed and
tested. It is suitable for indoor security especially in small rooms, artifacts in museums, jewelry stores, art galleries etc.
This burglar alarm is thus very good for safe guarding valuables.
IV. Conclusion
It can be concluded that the sole aim of carrying out the design, analysis and implementation of a
simple and reliable security system was achieved, in that the aim was to develop a cheap, affordable, reliable
and efficient security system, which was successfully realized at the end of the design process. One factor that
accounts for the cheapness of the product was the proper choice of components used. The ones that were readily
available were used, while a close substitute was found for those that were not readily available. The reliability
of the entire alarm system was considered by the integration of an automatic change over switch into the power
supply unit such that the A.C mains supply and the battery are cold redundant. Thus, this guarantees constant
supply of power to the main circuit. The efficiency of the entire system was put into consideration by the use of
transistor in the common collector mode to couple the output of the circuit to the speaker. The system was tested
and found to be working to specifications and predictions. Summarily, a cheap and reliable way of checking of
activities of burglars and intruders has been successfully developed, which is the aim of the research. We can
conclusively say therefore, that the benefits of having this burglar alarm system cannot be overemphasized.
5. Design And Development Of Low Cost Security Alarm Using Optoelectronic Device
DOI: 10.9790/2834-10411923 www.iosrjournals.org 23 | Page
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