Wireless power transmission (WPT) has attracted a wide variety of subjects in various disciplines and has also become a highly active research field due to its capacity to facilitate charging systems. Wireless power transmission will be compulsory to use soon as this technology enables electrical energy to be transmitted from a power source to an electrical load over an air gap without connecting wires. Wireless power transmission has been developed in the low power (1W to 10W) and high power (100W-500W) region. While the low power region development focuses on powering medical transplants and mobile charging, the higher end of the power spectrum is being developed for the electric vehicle (EV) applications. However medium power range (10W to 100W) is relatively unexplored due to lack of proper applications. The commercial WPT scheme is mainly used for the charging of lithium-ion batteries. Sensitive medium power loads like Lithium Polymer (LiPo) batteries do not have a wireless modular charging system. This paper discusses a proposed scheme for wireless charging of medium-range loads. LiPo batteries are used as the targeted charging load. A minimalistic approach has been considered while designing the electronics for efficiency improvement and a compact, modular scheme. The proposed scheme has been developed for drone and robotics applications and the results are validated.
A Novel Configuration of A Microstrip Power Amplifier based on GaAs-FET for I...IJECEIAES
Power Amplifiers (PA) are very indispensable components in the design of numerous types of communication transmitters employed in microwave technology. The methodology is exemplified through the design of a 2.45GHz microwave power Amplifier (PA) for the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications using microstrip technology. The main design target is to get a maximum power gain while simultaneously achieving a maximum output power through presenting the optimum impedance which is characteristically carried out per adding a matching circuit between the source and the input of the power amplifier and between the load and the output of the power amplifier. A "T" matching technique is used at the input and the output sides of transistor for assure in band desired that this circuit without reflections and to obtain a maximum power gain. The proposed power amplifier for microwave ISM applications is designed, simulated and optimized by employing Advanced Design System (ADS) software by Agilent. The PA shows good performances in terms of return loss, output power, power gain and stability; the circuit has an input return loss of -38dB and an output return loss of -33.5dB. The 1-dB compression point is 8.69dBm and power gain of the PA is 19.4dBm. The Rollet's Stability measure B1 and the stability factor K of the amplifier is greater than 0 and 1 respectively, which shows that the circuit is unconditionally stable. The total chip size of the PA is 73.5× 36 mm 2 .
In this paper, a Sigma-Delta Quantizer (∑∆-Q) based Proportional and Integral control is proposed for a wireless power transfer control system, namely inductive power transfer system. The proposed control topology employs ∑∆-Qs to convert the conventional signals (analog/digital signals) into bitsreatm signals (1-bit per sample time). Considering the oversampling feature of ∑∆-Q, field programmable gate array is utilized in the implementation of the control system. To evaluate the effectiveness of the presented control topology, it is compared with an inductive power transfer control system using the conventional proportional and integral controller. For the sake of simplicity, the comparison is carried out using hardware in Loop. Both control systems exhibit almost identical responses. However, the bitstream feature of the proposed PI controller significantly helps in reducing the hardware resources (logic elements) in field programmable gate array. In addition, less wire routing and computational complexity is achieved due to absence of multipliers.
Model and Analysis of Multi Level Multi Frequency RF Rectifier Energy System ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Sustainable energy for the mobile electronic devices always needed during the energy storage
batteries capacity in the mobile electronic devices are limited for a few hours for the usage time. To get a
long lasting operating time from the mobile electronics equipment sets, the energy source should always
be connected into the device. In this paper, we were proposed a charging energy method via wireless
operation supply using the microwaves (RF) radiated by the air multi-frequency. The RF to DC rectifier
circuit is a major component for changing the RF wave to an electronic current (DC). The Dickson models
were used as an approach to superiority includes a simple series, low DC ripple factor, etc. The design,
analysis, and the experimentation from the rectifier circuit have been conducted and presented in this
paper. In the measurement, the mobile electronic devices placed at a distance about 5 meters from the
energy source with the system voltage DC 3.7V, and have been obtained at the working frequency
between 825 - 960MHz with the PCE values 12-33%, and a ripple factor of ± 0,01%. The charging time
energy is needed about 4 hours at the research trial room, and about 11 hours outdoor had been
observed. Based on these results, the wirelessly energy charging method for the mobile electronic devices
is a potential methods to resolve the sustainable energy issue and the green technology supporting with
the most programs.
Many configurations representing wireless power transfer have been applied for this purpose. A simple and
effective circuit is used in this research that contains components which are easily located for constructing the
complete suggested configuration; we were successful in using Li Fi technology in transmitting power from one
side to another through air.
This paper proposes a single-bit ADC system based Proportional and Integral (PI) controller to maintain a desired level of power transfer efficiency in Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT) systems. In this paper, a simple single-bit ADC system i.e., Single-Bit Modulator (SBM) is considered as an alternative to the commonly used multi-bit ADC systems. Unique features of employing SBM are 1) its ability to convert analog signals into single-bit signals and 2) its easy integrability in digital chips with linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) such as FPGAs. A SBM based PI (SBM-PI) controller is designed to judicially interface with the single-bit output of SBM. The proposed (SBM-PI) controller guarantees less hardware resources, latency and regulates the output voltage to provide the desired power transfer efficiency. The behavior of SBM-PI controller is compared to that of a conventional multi-bit controller, with the results of both controllers being identical. The effectiveness of the proposed controller with SBM is further demonstrated using the experimental prototype of CPT by implementing a SBM-PI controller using $16$ MHz ATmega8 microcontroller. The experimental results from a laboratory prototype illustrate that SBM-PI controller successfully regulates the output voltage of CPT to control the power flow.
Development of Wireless Power Transfer using Capacitive Method for Mouse Char...IJPEDS-IAES
Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a non-contact power transfer within a
distance. With the advantage of not-contact concept, WPT enhances the
flexibility movement of the devices. Basically, there are three types of the
WPT which are inductive power transfer (IPT), capacitive power transfer
(CPT) and acoustic power transfer (APT). Among these, capacitive power
transfer (CPT) has the advantages of confining electric field between coupled
plates, metal penetration ability and also the simplicity in circuit topologies.
Therefore, we focus on the capacitive method in this paper. To be specific,
this paper aims to develop a wireless mouse charging system using capacitive
based method. This method enables wireless power transmission from mouse
pad to a wireless mouse. Hence, no battery requires to power up the mouse.
In this paper, a high efficiency Class-E converter is described in details to
convert the DC source to AC and the compensation circuit of resonant tank is
also proposed at the transmitter side in order to improve the efficiency. In the
end, a prototype is developed to prove the developed method. The
performances analysis of the developed prototype is discussed and the future
recommendation of this technique is also presented.
A Novel Configuration of A Microstrip Power Amplifier based on GaAs-FET for I...IJECEIAES
Power Amplifiers (PA) are very indispensable components in the design of numerous types of communication transmitters employed in microwave technology. The methodology is exemplified through the design of a 2.45GHz microwave power Amplifier (PA) for the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications using microstrip technology. The main design target is to get a maximum power gain while simultaneously achieving a maximum output power through presenting the optimum impedance which is characteristically carried out per adding a matching circuit between the source and the input of the power amplifier and between the load and the output of the power amplifier. A "T" matching technique is used at the input and the output sides of transistor for assure in band desired that this circuit without reflections and to obtain a maximum power gain. The proposed power amplifier for microwave ISM applications is designed, simulated and optimized by employing Advanced Design System (ADS) software by Agilent. The PA shows good performances in terms of return loss, output power, power gain and stability; the circuit has an input return loss of -38dB and an output return loss of -33.5dB. The 1-dB compression point is 8.69dBm and power gain of the PA is 19.4dBm. The Rollet's Stability measure B1 and the stability factor K of the amplifier is greater than 0 and 1 respectively, which shows that the circuit is unconditionally stable. The total chip size of the PA is 73.5× 36 mm 2 .
In this paper, a Sigma-Delta Quantizer (∑∆-Q) based Proportional and Integral control is proposed for a wireless power transfer control system, namely inductive power transfer system. The proposed control topology employs ∑∆-Qs to convert the conventional signals (analog/digital signals) into bitsreatm signals (1-bit per sample time). Considering the oversampling feature of ∑∆-Q, field programmable gate array is utilized in the implementation of the control system. To evaluate the effectiveness of the presented control topology, it is compared with an inductive power transfer control system using the conventional proportional and integral controller. For the sake of simplicity, the comparison is carried out using hardware in Loop. Both control systems exhibit almost identical responses. However, the bitstream feature of the proposed PI controller significantly helps in reducing the hardware resources (logic elements) in field programmable gate array. In addition, less wire routing and computational complexity is achieved due to absence of multipliers.
Model and Analysis of Multi Level Multi Frequency RF Rectifier Energy System ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Sustainable energy for the mobile electronic devices always needed during the energy storage
batteries capacity in the mobile electronic devices are limited for a few hours for the usage time. To get a
long lasting operating time from the mobile electronics equipment sets, the energy source should always
be connected into the device. In this paper, we were proposed a charging energy method via wireless
operation supply using the microwaves (RF) radiated by the air multi-frequency. The RF to DC rectifier
circuit is a major component for changing the RF wave to an electronic current (DC). The Dickson models
were used as an approach to superiority includes a simple series, low DC ripple factor, etc. The design,
analysis, and the experimentation from the rectifier circuit have been conducted and presented in this
paper. In the measurement, the mobile electronic devices placed at a distance about 5 meters from the
energy source with the system voltage DC 3.7V, and have been obtained at the working frequency
between 825 - 960MHz with the PCE values 12-33%, and a ripple factor of ± 0,01%. The charging time
energy is needed about 4 hours at the research trial room, and about 11 hours outdoor had been
observed. Based on these results, the wirelessly energy charging method for the mobile electronic devices
is a potential methods to resolve the sustainable energy issue and the green technology supporting with
the most programs.
Many configurations representing wireless power transfer have been applied for this purpose. A simple and
effective circuit is used in this research that contains components which are easily located for constructing the
complete suggested configuration; we were successful in using Li Fi technology in transmitting power from one
side to another through air.
This paper proposes a single-bit ADC system based Proportional and Integral (PI) controller to maintain a desired level of power transfer efficiency in Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT) systems. In this paper, a simple single-bit ADC system i.e., Single-Bit Modulator (SBM) is considered as an alternative to the commonly used multi-bit ADC systems. Unique features of employing SBM are 1) its ability to convert analog signals into single-bit signals and 2) its easy integrability in digital chips with linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) such as FPGAs. A SBM based PI (SBM-PI) controller is designed to judicially interface with the single-bit output of SBM. The proposed (SBM-PI) controller guarantees less hardware resources, latency and regulates the output voltage to provide the desired power transfer efficiency. The behavior of SBM-PI controller is compared to that of a conventional multi-bit controller, with the results of both controllers being identical. The effectiveness of the proposed controller with SBM is further demonstrated using the experimental prototype of CPT by implementing a SBM-PI controller using $16$ MHz ATmega8 microcontroller. The experimental results from a laboratory prototype illustrate that SBM-PI controller successfully regulates the output voltage of CPT to control the power flow.
Development of Wireless Power Transfer using Capacitive Method for Mouse Char...IJPEDS-IAES
Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a non-contact power transfer within a
distance. With the advantage of not-contact concept, WPT enhances the
flexibility movement of the devices. Basically, there are three types of the
WPT which are inductive power transfer (IPT), capacitive power transfer
(CPT) and acoustic power transfer (APT). Among these, capacitive power
transfer (CPT) has the advantages of confining electric field between coupled
plates, metal penetration ability and also the simplicity in circuit topologies.
Therefore, we focus on the capacitive method in this paper. To be specific,
this paper aims to develop a wireless mouse charging system using capacitive
based method. This method enables wireless power transmission from mouse
pad to a wireless mouse. Hence, no battery requires to power up the mouse.
In this paper, a high efficiency Class-E converter is described in details to
convert the DC source to AC and the compensation circuit of resonant tank is
also proposed at the transmitter side in order to improve the efficiency. In the
end, a prototype is developed to prove the developed method. The
performances analysis of the developed prototype is discussed and the future
recommendation of this technique is also presented.
With the dominating utility of the internet, it becomes critical to manage the efficiency and reliability of telecom and datacenter, as the power consumption of the involved equipment also increases. Much power being wasted through the power conversion stages by converting AC voltage to DC voltage and then stepping down to lower voltages to connect to information and communication technology (ICT) equipment. 48/12 VDC is the standard DC bus architecture to serve the end utility equipment. This voltage level is further processed to multiple lower voltages to power up the internal auxiliary circuits. Power losses are involved when it is converted from higher voltage to lower voltages. Therefore, the efficiency of power conversion is lower. There is a need to increase the efficiency by minimizing the power losses which occur due to the conversion stages. Different methods are available to increase the efficiency of a system by optimizing the converter topologies, semiconductor materials and control methods. There is another possibility of increasing the efficiency by changing the architecture of a system by increasing the DC bus voltage to higher voltages to optimize the losses. This paper presents a review of available high voltage options for telecom power distribution and developments, implementations and challenges across the world.
Integrated cmos rectifier for rf-powered wireless sensor network nodesjournalBEEI
This article presents a review of the CMOS rectifier for radio frequency energy harvesting application. The on-chip rectifier converts the ambient low-power radio frequency signal coming to antenna to useable DC voltage that recharges energy to wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes and radiofrequency identification (RFID) tags, therefore the rectifier is the most important part of the radio frequency energy harvesting system. The impedance matching network maximizes power transfer from antenna to rectifier. The design and comparison between the simulation results of one- and multi-stage differential drive cross connected rectifier (DDCCR) at the operating frequencies of 2.44GHz, and 28GHz show the output voltage of the multi-stage rectifier doubles at each added stage and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of rectifier at 2.44GHz was higher than 28GHz. The (DDCCR) rectifier is the most efficient rectifier topology to date and is used widely for passive WSN nodes and RFID tags.
Automatic traffic light controller for emergency vehicle using peripheral int...IJECEIAES
Traffic lights play such important role in traffic management to control the traffic on the road. Situation at traffic light area is getting worse especially in the event of emergency cases. During traffic congestion, it is difficult for emergency vehicle to cross the road which involves many junctions. This situation leads to unsafe conditions which may cause accident. An Automatic Traffic Light Controller for Emergency Vehicle is designed and developed to help emergency vehicle crossing the road at traffic light junction during emergency situation. This project used Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) to program a priority-based traffic light controller for emergency vehicle. During emergency cases, emergency vehicle like ambulance can trigger the traffic light signal to change from red to green in order to make clearance for its path automatically. Using Radio Frequency (RF) the traffic light operation will turn back to normal when the ambulance finishes crossing the road. Result showed the design is capable to response within the range of 55 meters. This project was successfully designed, implemented and tested.
In recent years, there is an immensely huge demand to power due to industrialization and modernization, butcorrespondingly the amplification of generation and transmission has not been done due to constrained resources and environmental limitations. The huge growth in demand leads to various problems in power systems. Heavy growth in semiconductor technology made power electronics plays a key role in solving these problems. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices are used for fixing various problems in power system. They are used for enhancing the existing transmission capabilities and improving the system dynamic performance so that to make transmission system flexible and efficient in operation. Inter line power flow controller (IPFC) is a latest generation series connected FACTS device, having capability of controlling power flow among multi line in a transmission network. In this paper cascaded 5 level inverter is used as the inverter module for IPFC. Control techniques play a vital role in power flow control in the system, with the main objective of minimization of harmonics and obtaining a variable output with maximum fundamental component. This paper discusses various comparative case studies on IPFC with cascaded 5 level inverter using SPWM and SVM control techniques.
Design of 2MHz OOK transmitter/receiver for inductive power and data transmis...IJECEIAES
In this work a 2 MHz on-off keying (OOK) transmitter/receiver for inductive power and data transmission for biomedical implant system is presented. Inductive link, driven by a Class E power amplifier (PA) is the most PA used to transfer data and power to the internal part of biomedical implant system. Proposed transmitter consists of a digital control oscillator (DCO) and a class E PA which uses OOK modulation to transfer both data and power to a biomedical implant. In proposing OOK transmitter when the transmitter sends binary value “0” the DCO and PA are turned off. With this architecture and 2 MHz carrier wave we have implemented a wireless data and power transfer link which can transmit data with data rate 1Mbps and bit error rate (BER) of 10-5. The efficiency of power transfer is 42% with a 12.7 uH transmitter coil and a 2.4 uH receiver coil and the power delivered to the load is about 104.7 mW. Proposed transmitter is designed for output power 4.1V. OOK receiver consists of an OOK demodulator, powered by rectified and regulated 5V p-p RF signal across the receiver coil. The supply voltage of proposed voltage regulator is 5 V with 9mV/V line regulation of. All circuits proposed in this paper were designed and simulated using Cadence in 0.18 um CMOS process.
An inverter system applied with the PV source typically has a problem of lower input voltage due to constraint in the PV strings connection. As a countermeasure a DC-DC boost converter is placed in between to achieve a higher voltage at the inverter DC link for connection to the grid and to realize the MPPT operation. This additional stage contributes to losses and complexity in control thus reducing the overall system efficiency. This work discussed on the design and development of a grid-connected quasi-Z-source PV inverter which has different topology and control method compared to the conventional voltage source inverter and able to overcome the above disadvantages. Modelling and performance analysis of the voltage and current controller to achieve a good power transfer from the PV source, as well sycnchronization with the grid are presented in detail. Results from both simulation and experimental verification demonstrate the designed and developed grid-connected qZSI PV inverter works successfully equivalent to the conventional voltage source inverter system.
The main purpose of the project is to detect the location of fault in underground cable lines from the base station in kilometers using a Renesas micro-controller. This project uses the standard concept of Ohms law i.e., when a low DC voltage is applied at the feeder end through a series resistor to the Cable lines, then current would vary depending upon the location of fault in the short circuited cable. Both the methods use voltage convertor, microcontroller and potentiometer to find the fault location under unsymmetrical faults.
In the urban areas, the electrical cables run in undergrounds instead of overhead lines. Whenever the fault occurs in underground cable it is difficult to detect the exact location of the fault for process of repairing that particular cable and long outage of power supply can cause the power distributors and retailers heavy loss of revenue and discomfort of the customers. Therefore, a quick detection and rectification of the faults is a major drawback for other power distributors and retailers. The proposed system finds the exact location of the fault using GSM Module and IOT
This system uses a Renesas micro-controller and a rectified power supply. Here the current sensing circuits made with combination of resistors are interfaced to Renesas controller with help of the ADC device for providing digital data to the microcontroller representing the cable length in KM’s. The fault creation is made by the set of switches. The relays are controlled by the relay driver IC which is used for switching the power sequentially to all the lines. A 16x2 LCD display connected to the microcontroller to display the information.
In case of short circuit (Line to Ground), the voltage across series resistors changes accordingly, which is then fed to an ADC to develop precise digital data to a programmed Renesas board that further displays fault location in kilometers.
The project future can be implemented by using capacitor in an ac circuit to measure the impedance which can even locate the open circuited cable.
Anything we transmit without protection is being raid by the intruders. Hence it is necessary to impart
security to the signal transmitted. In this paper we present the concept of giving security to the transmitted
power signal which is to be received by a receiver in a wireless medium. The present techniques of wireless
power transmission consists of a pair of strongly magnetically coupled resonators that allow power
transmission of tens of watts over a few meters, but anything without security becomes unreliable. With the
goal in achieving security to the power signal, we introduce the concept of encryption decryption algorithm
using RF module.
Design of Wide-band Power Amplifier Based on Power Combiner Technique with Lo...IJECEIAES
RF power amplifiers are one of challenging blocks in designing radio frequency transceivers, this is due to non-linearity behavior of power amplifiers that leads to inter-modulation distortion. This paper presents the design of wide-band power amplifier which combined with parallel coupled line band pass filter at the input and output of power amplifier to allow the only required frequency band to pass through the power amplifier. Class-A topology and ATF-511P8 transistor are used in this design. Advanced Design System software used as a simulation tool to simulate the designed wideband power amplifier. The simulation results showed an input return loss (S11) which less than -10dB, and gain (S21) is higher than 10 dB over the entire frequency band and considers as flat as well. The designed amplifier is stable over the bandwidth (K>1). Inter-modulation distortion is -56.919dBc which is less than -50dBc with 10dBm input power. The designed amplifier can be used for the microwave applications which include weather radar, satellite communication, wireless networking, mobile, and TV.
A novel hybrid communication technique involving power line communication and...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A novel hybrid communication technique involving power line communication and...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
With the dominating utility of the internet, it becomes critical to manage the efficiency and reliability of telecom and datacenter, as the power consumption of the involved equipment also increases. Much power being wasted through the power conversion stages by converting AC voltage to DC voltage and then stepping down to lower voltages to connect to information and communication technology (ICT) equipment. 48/12 VDC is the standard DC bus architecture to serve the end utility equipment. This voltage level is further processed to multiple lower voltages to power up the internal auxiliary circuits. Power losses are involved when it is converted from higher voltage to lower voltages. Therefore, the efficiency of power conversion is lower. There is a need to increase the efficiency by minimizing the power losses which occur due to the conversion stages. Different methods are available to increase the efficiency of a system by optimizing the converter topologies, semiconductor materials and control methods. There is another possibility of increasing the efficiency by changing the architecture of a system by increasing the DC bus voltage to higher voltages to optimize the losses. This paper presents a review of available high voltage options for telecom power distribution and developments, implementations and challenges across the world.
Integrated cmos rectifier for rf-powered wireless sensor network nodesjournalBEEI
This article presents a review of the CMOS rectifier for radio frequency energy harvesting application. The on-chip rectifier converts the ambient low-power radio frequency signal coming to antenna to useable DC voltage that recharges energy to wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes and radiofrequency identification (RFID) tags, therefore the rectifier is the most important part of the radio frequency energy harvesting system. The impedance matching network maximizes power transfer from antenna to rectifier. The design and comparison between the simulation results of one- and multi-stage differential drive cross connected rectifier (DDCCR) at the operating frequencies of 2.44GHz, and 28GHz show the output voltage of the multi-stage rectifier doubles at each added stage and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of rectifier at 2.44GHz was higher than 28GHz. The (DDCCR) rectifier is the most efficient rectifier topology to date and is used widely for passive WSN nodes and RFID tags.
Automatic traffic light controller for emergency vehicle using peripheral int...IJECEIAES
Traffic lights play such important role in traffic management to control the traffic on the road. Situation at traffic light area is getting worse especially in the event of emergency cases. During traffic congestion, it is difficult for emergency vehicle to cross the road which involves many junctions. This situation leads to unsafe conditions which may cause accident. An Automatic Traffic Light Controller for Emergency Vehicle is designed and developed to help emergency vehicle crossing the road at traffic light junction during emergency situation. This project used Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) to program a priority-based traffic light controller for emergency vehicle. During emergency cases, emergency vehicle like ambulance can trigger the traffic light signal to change from red to green in order to make clearance for its path automatically. Using Radio Frequency (RF) the traffic light operation will turn back to normal when the ambulance finishes crossing the road. Result showed the design is capable to response within the range of 55 meters. This project was successfully designed, implemented and tested.
In recent years, there is an immensely huge demand to power due to industrialization and modernization, butcorrespondingly the amplification of generation and transmission has not been done due to constrained resources and environmental limitations. The huge growth in demand leads to various problems in power systems. Heavy growth in semiconductor technology made power electronics plays a key role in solving these problems. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices are used for fixing various problems in power system. They are used for enhancing the existing transmission capabilities and improving the system dynamic performance so that to make transmission system flexible and efficient in operation. Inter line power flow controller (IPFC) is a latest generation series connected FACTS device, having capability of controlling power flow among multi line in a transmission network. In this paper cascaded 5 level inverter is used as the inverter module for IPFC. Control techniques play a vital role in power flow control in the system, with the main objective of minimization of harmonics and obtaining a variable output with maximum fundamental component. This paper discusses various comparative case studies on IPFC with cascaded 5 level inverter using SPWM and SVM control techniques.
Design of 2MHz OOK transmitter/receiver for inductive power and data transmis...IJECEIAES
In this work a 2 MHz on-off keying (OOK) transmitter/receiver for inductive power and data transmission for biomedical implant system is presented. Inductive link, driven by a Class E power amplifier (PA) is the most PA used to transfer data and power to the internal part of biomedical implant system. Proposed transmitter consists of a digital control oscillator (DCO) and a class E PA which uses OOK modulation to transfer both data and power to a biomedical implant. In proposing OOK transmitter when the transmitter sends binary value “0” the DCO and PA are turned off. With this architecture and 2 MHz carrier wave we have implemented a wireless data and power transfer link which can transmit data with data rate 1Mbps and bit error rate (BER) of 10-5. The efficiency of power transfer is 42% with a 12.7 uH transmitter coil and a 2.4 uH receiver coil and the power delivered to the load is about 104.7 mW. Proposed transmitter is designed for output power 4.1V. OOK receiver consists of an OOK demodulator, powered by rectified and regulated 5V p-p RF signal across the receiver coil. The supply voltage of proposed voltage regulator is 5 V with 9mV/V line regulation of. All circuits proposed in this paper were designed and simulated using Cadence in 0.18 um CMOS process.
An inverter system applied with the PV source typically has a problem of lower input voltage due to constraint in the PV strings connection. As a countermeasure a DC-DC boost converter is placed in between to achieve a higher voltage at the inverter DC link for connection to the grid and to realize the MPPT operation. This additional stage contributes to losses and complexity in control thus reducing the overall system efficiency. This work discussed on the design and development of a grid-connected quasi-Z-source PV inverter which has different topology and control method compared to the conventional voltage source inverter and able to overcome the above disadvantages. Modelling and performance analysis of the voltage and current controller to achieve a good power transfer from the PV source, as well sycnchronization with the grid are presented in detail. Results from both simulation and experimental verification demonstrate the designed and developed grid-connected qZSI PV inverter works successfully equivalent to the conventional voltage source inverter system.
The main purpose of the project is to detect the location of fault in underground cable lines from the base station in kilometers using a Renesas micro-controller. This project uses the standard concept of Ohms law i.e., when a low DC voltage is applied at the feeder end through a series resistor to the Cable lines, then current would vary depending upon the location of fault in the short circuited cable. Both the methods use voltage convertor, microcontroller and potentiometer to find the fault location under unsymmetrical faults.
In the urban areas, the electrical cables run in undergrounds instead of overhead lines. Whenever the fault occurs in underground cable it is difficult to detect the exact location of the fault for process of repairing that particular cable and long outage of power supply can cause the power distributors and retailers heavy loss of revenue and discomfort of the customers. Therefore, a quick detection and rectification of the faults is a major drawback for other power distributors and retailers. The proposed system finds the exact location of the fault using GSM Module and IOT
This system uses a Renesas micro-controller and a rectified power supply. Here the current sensing circuits made with combination of resistors are interfaced to Renesas controller with help of the ADC device for providing digital data to the microcontroller representing the cable length in KM’s. The fault creation is made by the set of switches. The relays are controlled by the relay driver IC which is used for switching the power sequentially to all the lines. A 16x2 LCD display connected to the microcontroller to display the information.
In case of short circuit (Line to Ground), the voltage across series resistors changes accordingly, which is then fed to an ADC to develop precise digital data to a programmed Renesas board that further displays fault location in kilometers.
The project future can be implemented by using capacitor in an ac circuit to measure the impedance which can even locate the open circuited cable.
Anything we transmit without protection is being raid by the intruders. Hence it is necessary to impart
security to the signal transmitted. In this paper we present the concept of giving security to the transmitted
power signal which is to be received by a receiver in a wireless medium. The present techniques of wireless
power transmission consists of a pair of strongly magnetically coupled resonators that allow power
transmission of tens of watts over a few meters, but anything without security becomes unreliable. With the
goal in achieving security to the power signal, we introduce the concept of encryption decryption algorithm
using RF module.
Design of Wide-band Power Amplifier Based on Power Combiner Technique with Lo...IJECEIAES
RF power amplifiers are one of challenging blocks in designing radio frequency transceivers, this is due to non-linearity behavior of power amplifiers that leads to inter-modulation distortion. This paper presents the design of wide-band power amplifier which combined with parallel coupled line band pass filter at the input and output of power amplifier to allow the only required frequency band to pass through the power amplifier. Class-A topology and ATF-511P8 transistor are used in this design. Advanced Design System software used as a simulation tool to simulate the designed wideband power amplifier. The simulation results showed an input return loss (S11) which less than -10dB, and gain (S21) is higher than 10 dB over the entire frequency band and considers as flat as well. The designed amplifier is stable over the bandwidth (K>1). Inter-modulation distortion is -56.919dBc which is less than -50dBc with 10dBm input power. The designed amplifier can be used for the microwave applications which include weather radar, satellite communication, wireless networking, mobile, and TV.
A novel hybrid communication technique involving power line communication and...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A novel hybrid communication technique involving power line communication and...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This paper presents a high voltage conversion at high sensitivity RF energy harvesting system for IoT applications. The harvesting system comprises bulk-to-source (BTMOS) differential-drive based rectifier to produce a high efficiency RF energy harvesting system. Low-pass upward impedance matching network is applied at the rectifier input to increase the sensitivity and output voltage. Dual-oxide-thickness transistors are used in the rectifier circuit to maintain the power efficiency at each stage of the rectifier. The system is designed using 0.18µm Silterra RF in deep n-well process technology and achieves 4.07V output at -16dBm sensitivity without the need of complex auxiliary control circuit and DC-DC charge-pump circuit. The system is targeted for urban environment.
Designing an Antenna System That Can Perform Conditional RF to DC Harnessing ...IOSRJECE
Electromagnetic energy or RF energy will play a pivotal role in wireless technology and wireless communication in the impending future. The paper proposes a concept for a patch antenna based system that can harness RF energy upon triggering and can convert the harnessed RF to DC from the radio frequency of 1 GHz to 3 GHz, the design frequency is 2.4GHz. The patch antenna system contains a high gain patch antenna along with a wireless communicating module and a conversion circuit. The return loss of the antenna is approximately 27.1dB. The power gain is 30.1 dBm .The converter circuit is designed in), Multi-Sim to get an output voltage of around 5V that can be used to power a mobile-device or maybe stored in a battery. The triggering part is done with the help of a T-mote which is simulated in a network simulator, Cooja. The patch antenna is simulated in High Frequency Structural Simulator
Abstract: We need energy for every day today work of our life. There are many conventional methods of energy generation but these are depleting very fastly hence non-conventional energy system is very essential at this time to our nation. So an alternate method of non conventional energy generation is proposed in this project. In this project we are generating electrical power as non-conventional method by simply walking or running on foot step.Here Dynamometer is used for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The voltage generated by this sensor is stored in battery which will be later on transmitted wirelessly to charge the mobiles.
WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER - A TECHNOLOGY THAT HAS COME OF AGEIAEME Publication
Wireless power transfer has its roots in Tesla’s experiments and his proposition that electric power can be transferred not only by means of radiation, but also by means of induction and resonant coupling. Recent trends in the development of this technology are addressed. Also the basic mathematical ideas that help us understand the various parameters and issues for optimization of power transfer are given. The power in a given load in case of two coils is compared with that obtained in a modified set up consisting of three coils and it is shown that by proper choice of coupling coefficients, one might improvise the existing methods.
Vehicles Charged Via Wireless Technology (Microwave Energy)ijsrd.com
Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) is an inchoate side in every sector of science & technology. In this paper we present a model of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging with the help of renewable energy source using this WPT. We present a configuration, consist of two optimized square loop wire antennas in communication &tuned at mutual frequency with aim of showing the improvement of the size of the batteries & the power efficiency over longer distance. Through this wireless function Electric Vehicle system (EVs) get charged by microwave beam from transmitter & then receiver will capture thus microwave beam. This is then transferred into DC power & electrochemical storage is finally used to store the power. In this Li-ion battery replaces traditional fossil fuel system of automotive vehicles.
The converter control scheme plays an important role in the performance of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms. In this work, a model has been analysed, designed and simulatedon Power Simulator software and in Matlab Simulink.A hardware implementation using a microcontroller (Arduino Mega 2560 based on ATmega2560) is provided, that operateson feedback from a PV panel voltage and current to control the operation of DCDC converter in order to draw maximum power. Newactive disturbance rejection control (ADRC) algorithm is required to extract the maximum power of the solar energy. This MPPT controller incorporates a boost topology that ensuresa two continuous battery in series (12V, 5Ah) charging in various conditions. The whole of the results shows in one hand that the converter efficiency is very satisfactory, and in the other hand a very good agreement between the results simulated and those experimental in terms of performance. The proposed system is designed in Proteus, and implemented on hardware with a graphical user interface built throughout Labview software.
Today we live in a fast changing world. In present modern era power is very important role in our live system. The purpose of this paper practically implement concept of power transmission without wire. Wireless Power Transmission through inductive coupling is one of the new emerging technologies that will bring tremendous change in human life. Wireless power transfer is one of the simplest and inexpensive ways of charging as it eliminate the use of conventional copper cables and current carrying wires. Using inductive coupling concept an alternating current in transmitter coil generates a magnetic field which induces a voltage in the receiver coil. This voltage can be used to power a mobile device or charge a battery etc. Mrs. Jothy Mary Saji "Review Paper on Wireless Power Transfer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd58616.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/58616/review-paper-on-wireless-power-transfer/mrs-jothy-mary-saji
Implementation of a MIMO System forWireless Power Transfer Using Acoustic App...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a development of Acoustic energy transfer (AET) system through air mediumby implementing a Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) arrangement of transducers to transmit energy. AET system allows power to be transmitted without wire connection. The MIMO system is proposed in this paper to increase the efficiency of the transmitting power by multiplying the received power. The simulation and experimental works are carried out using a Class E power converter and the obtained results are analyzed accordingly. Based on the experimental results, the 18.57mW output power is obtained at 40kHz operating frequency when triple transducer is used. It contributes to 30.96% efficiency to the power transfer system.
The aim of this research is the speed tracking of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using an intelligent Neural-Network based adapative backstepping control. First, the model of PMSM in the Park synchronous frame is derived. Then, the PMSM speed regulation is investigated using the classical method utilizing the field oriented control theory. Thereafter, a robust nonlinear controller employing an adaptive backstepping strategy is investigated in order to achieve a good performance tracking objective under motor parameters changing and external load torque application. In the final step, a neural network estimator is integrated with the adaptive controller to estimate the motor parameters values and the load disturbance value for enhancing the effectiveness of the adaptive backstepping controller. The robsutness of the presented control algorithm is demonstrated using simulation tests. The obtained results clearly demonstrate that the presented NN-adaptive control algorithm can provide good trackingperformances for the speed trackingin the presence of motor parameter variation and load application.
This paper presents a fast and accurate fault detection, classification and direction discrimination algorithm of transmission lines using one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D-CNNs) that have ingrained adaptive model to avoid the feature extraction difficulties and fault classification into one learning algorithm. A proposed algorithm is directly usable with raw data and this deletes the need of a discrete feature extraction method resulting in more effective protective system. The proposed approach based on the three-phase voltages and currents signals of one end at the relay location in the transmission line system are taken as input to the proposed 1D-CNN algorithm. A 132kV power transmission line is simulated by Matlab simulink to prepare the training and testing data for the proposed 1D- CNN algorithm. The testing accuracy of the proposed algorithm is compared with other two conventional methods which are neural network and fuzzy neural network. The results of test explain that the new proposed detection system is efficient and fast for classifying and direction discrimination of fault in transmission line with high accuracy as compared with other conventional methods under various conditions of faults.
Among the most widespread renewable energy sources is solar energy; Solar panels offer a green, clean, and environmentally friendly source of energy. In the presence of several advantages of the use of photovoltaic systems, the random operation of the photovoltaic generator presents a great challenge, in the presence of a critical load. Among the most used solutions to overcome this problem is the combination of solar panels with generators or with the public grid or both. In this paper, an energy management strategy is proposed with a safety aspect by using artificial neural networks (ANNs), in order to ensure a continuous supply of electricity to consumers with a maximum solicitation of renewable energy.
In this paper, the artificial neural network (ANN) has been utilized for rotating machinery faults detection and classification. First, experiments were performed to measure the lateral vibration signals of laboratory test rigs for rotor-disk-blade when the blades are defective. A rotor-disk-blade system with 6 regular blades and 5 blades with various defects was constructed. Second, the ANN was applied to classify the different x- and y-axis lateral vibrations due to different blade faults. The results based on training and testing with different data samples of the fault types indicate that the ANN is robust and can effectively identify and distinguish different blade faults caused by lateral vibrations in a rotor. As compared to the literature, the present paper presents a novel work of identifying and classifying various rotating blade faults commonly encountered in rotating machines using ANN. Experimental data of lateral vibrations of the rotor-disk-blade system in both x- and y-directions are used for the training and testing of the network.
This paper focuses on the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, which is a nonlinear optimization problem. is proposed to find the optimal power flow (OPF). To solve this problem, we will apply the ABC algorithm to a power system incorporating wind power. The proposed approach is applied on a standard IEEE-30 system with wind farms located on different buses and with different penetration levels to show the impact of wind farms on the system in order to obtain the optimal settings of control variables of the OPF problem. Based on technical results obtained, the ABC algorithm is shown to achieve a lower cost and losses than the other methods applied, while incorporating wind power into the system, high performance would be gained.
The significance of the solar energy is to intensify the effectiveness of the Solar Panel with the use of a primordial solar tracking system. Here we propounded a solar positioning system with the use of the global positioning system (GPS) , artificial neural network (ANN) and image processing (IP) . The azimuth angle of the sun is evaluated using GPS which provide latitude, date, longitude and time. The image processing used to find sun image through which centroid of sun is calculated and finally by comparing the centroid of sun with GPS quadrate to achieve optimum tracking point. Weather conditions and situation observed through AI decision making with the help of IP algorithms. The presented advance adaptation is analyzed and established via experimental effects which might be made available on the memory of the cloud carrier for systematization. The proposed system improve power gain by 59.21% and 10.32% compare to stable system (SS) and two-axis solar following system (TASF) respectively. The reduced tracking error of IoT based Two-axis solar following system (IoT-TASF) reduces their azimuth angle error by 0.20 degree.
Kosovo has limited renewable energy resources and its power generation sector is based on fossil fuels. Such a situation emphasizes the importance of active research and efficient use of renewable energy potential. According to the analysis of meteorological data for Kosovo, it can be concluded that among the most attractive potential wind power sites are the locations known as Kitka (42° 29' 41" N and 21° 36' 45" E) and Koznica (42° 39′ 32″ N, 21° 22′30″E). The two terrains in which the analysis was carried out are mountain areas, with altitudes of 1142 m (Kitka) and 1230 m (Koznica). the same measuring height, about 84 m above the ground, is obtained for these average wind speeds: Kitka 6,667 m/s and Koznica 6,16 m/s. Since the difference in wind speed is quite large versus a difference in altitude that is not being very large, analyses are made regarding the terrain characteristics including the terrain relief features. In this paper it will be studied how much the roughness of the terrain influences the output energy. Also, that the assumption to be taken the same as to how much they will affect the annual energy produced.
Large-scale grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) station are increasing rapidly. However, this large penetration of PV system creates frequency fluctuation in the grid due to the intermittency of solar irradiance. Therefore, in this paper, a robust droop control mechanism of the battery energy storage system (BESS) is developed in order to damp the frequency fluctuation of the multi-machine grid system due to variable active power injected from the PV panel. The proposed droop control strategy incorporates frequency error signal and dead-band for effective minimization of frequency fluctuation. The BESS system is used to consume/inject an effective amount of active power based upon the frequency oscillation of the grid system. The simulation analysis is carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC software to prove the effectiveness of the proposed droop control-based BESS system. The simulation result implies that the proposed scheme can efficiently curtail the frequency oscillation.
This study investigates experimentally the performance of two-dimensional solar tracking systems with reflector using commercial silicon based photovoltaic module, with open and closed loop control systems. Different reflector materials were also investigated. The experiments were performed at the Hashemite University campus in Zarqa at a latitude of 32⁰, in February and March. Photovoltaic output power and performance were analyzed. It was found that the modified photovoltaic module with mirror reflector generated the highest value of power, while the temperature reached a maximum value of 53 ̊ C. The modified module suggested in this study produced 5% more PV power than the two-dimensional solar tracking systems without reflector and produced 12.5% more PV power than the fixed PV module with 26⁰ tilt angle.
This paper focuses on the modeling and control of a wind energy conversion chain using a permanent magnet synchronous machine. This system behaves a turbine, a generator, DC/DC and DC/AC power converters. These are connected on both sides to the DC bus, where the inverter is followed by a filter which is connected to the grid. In this paper, we have been used two types of controllers. For the stator side converter, we consider the Takagi-Sugeno approach where the parameters of controller have been computed by the theory of linear matrix inequalities. The stability synthesis has been checked using the Lyapunov theory. According to the grid side converter, the proportional integral controller is exploited to keep a constant voltage on the DC bus and control both types of powers. The simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the approach used.
The development of modeling wind speed plays a very important in helping to obtain the actual wind speed data for the benefit of the power plant planning in the future. The wind speed in this paper is obtained from a PCE-FWS 20 type measuring instrument with a duration of 30 minutes which is accumulated into monthly data for one year (2019). Despite the many wind speed modeling that has been done by researchers. Modeling wind speeds proposed in this study were obtained from the modified Rayleigh distribution. In this study, the Rayleigh scale factor (Cr) and modified Rayleigh scale factor (Cm) were calculated. The observed wind speed is compared with the predicted wind characteristics. The data fit test used correlation coefficient (R2), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results of the proposed modified Rayleigh model provide very good results for users.
This paper deals with an advanced design for a pump powered by solar energyto supply agricultural lands with water and also the maximum power point is used to extract the maximum value of the energy available inside the solar panels and comparing between techniques MPPT such as Incremental conductance, perturb & observe, fractional short current circuit, and fractional open voltage circuit to find the best technique among these. The solar system is designed with main parts: photovoltaic (PV) panel, direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter, inverter, filter, and in addition, the battery is used to save energy in the event that there is an increased demand for energy and not to provide solar radiation, as well as saving energy in the case of generation more than demand. This work was done using the matrix laboratory (MATLAB) simulink program.
The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of renewable energy resources in Bangladesh, as well as to examine various forms of renewable energies in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of how to address Bangladesh's power crisis issues in a sustainable manner. Electricity is currently the most useful kind of energy in Bangladesh. It has a substantial influence on a country's socioeconomic standing and living standards. Maintaining a stable source of energy at a cost that is affordable to everyone has been a constant battle for decades. Bangladesh is blessed with a wealth of natural resources. Bangladesh has a huge opportunity to accelerate its economic development while increasing energy access, livelihoods, and health for millions of people in a sustainable way due to the renewable energy system.
When the irradiance distribution over the photovoltaic panels is uniform, the pursuit of the maximum power point is not reached, which has allowed several researchers to use traditional MPPT techniques to solve this problem Among these techniques a PSO algorithm is used to have the maximum global power point (GMPPT) under partial shading. On the other hand, this one is not reliable vis-à-vis the pursuit of the MPPT. Therefore, in this paper we have treated another technique based on a new modified PSO algorithm so that the power can reach its maximum point. The PSO algorithm is based on the heuristic method which guarantees not only the obtaining of MPPT but also the simplicity of control and less expensive of the system. The results are obtained using MATLAB show that the proposed modified PSO algorithm performs better than conventional PSO and is robust to different partial shading models.
A stable operation of wind turbines connected to the grid is an essential requirement to ensure the reliability and stability of the power system. To achieve such operational objective, installing static synchronous compensator static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) as a main compensation device guarantees the voltage stability enhancement of the wind farm connected to distribution network at different operating scenarios. STATCOM either supplies or absorbs reactive power in order to ensure the voltage profile within the standard-margins and to avoid turbine tripping, accordingly. This paper present new study that investigates the most suitable-location to install STATCOM in a distribution system connected wind farm to maintain the voltage-levels within the stability margins. For a large-scale squirrel cage induction generator squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG-based) wind turbine system, the impact of STATCOM installation was tested in different places and voltage-levels in the distribution system. The proposed method effectiveness in enhancing the voltage profile and balancing the reactive power is validated, the results were repeated for different scenarios of expected contingencies. The voltage profile, power flow, and reactive power balance of the distribution system are observed using MATLAB/Simulink software.
The electrical and environmental parameters of polymer solar cells (PSC) provide important information on their performance. In the present article we study the influence of temperature on the voltage-current (I-V) characteristic at different temperatures from 10 °C to 90 °C, and important parameters like bandgap energy Eg, and the energy conversion efficiency η. The one-diode electrical model, normally used for semiconductor cells, has been tested and validated for the polemeral junction. The PSC used in our study are formed by the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Our technique is based on the combination of two steps; the first use the Least Mean Squares (LMS) method while the second use the Newton-Raphson algorithm. The found results are compared to other recently published works, they show that the developed approach is very accurate. This precision is proved by the minimal values of statistical errors (RMSE) and the good agreement between both the experimental data and the I-V simulated curves. The obtained results show a clear and a monotonic dependence of the cell efficiency on the studied parameters.
The inverter is the principal part of the photovoltaic (PV) systems that assures the direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) conversion (PV array is connected directly to an inverter that converts the DC energy produced by the PV array into AC energy that is directly connected to the electric utility). In this paper, we present a simple method for detecting faults that occurred during the operation of the inverter. These types of faults or faults affect the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the photovoltaic system, especially the inverter, which is the main component responsible for the conversion. Hence, we have shown first the faults obtained in the case of the short circuit. Second, the open circuit failure is studied. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Good monitoring and detection of faults in the inverter can increase the system's reliability and decrease the undesirable faults that appeared in the PV system. The system behavior is tested under variable parameters and conditions using MATLAB/Simulink.
The electrical distribution network is undergoing tremendous modifications with the introduction of distributed generation technologies which have led to an increase in fault current levels in the distribution network. Fault current limiters have been developed as a promising technology to limit fault current levels in power systems. Though, quite a number of fault current limiters have been developed; the most common are the superconducting fault current limiters, solid-state fault current limiters, and saturated core fault current limiters. These fault current limiters present potential fault current limiting solutions in power systems. Nevertheless, they encounter various challenges hindering their deployment and commercialization. This research aimed at designing a bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter with a novel topology for distribution network applications. The proposed bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter was designed and simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed design in fault current limiting, voltage sag compensation during fault conditions, and its ability not to affect the load voltage and current during normal conditions as well as in suppressing the source powers during fault conditions. Simulation results also showed very minimal power loss by the fault current limiter during normal conditions.
This paper provides a new approach to reducing high-order harmonics in 400 Hz inverter using a three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) converter. A voltage control loop using the harmonic compensation combined with NPC clamping diode control technology. The capacitor voltage imbalance also causes harmonics in the output voltage. For 400 Hz inverter, maintain a balanced voltage between the two input (direct current) (DC) capacitors is difficult because the pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation frequency ratio is low compared to the frequency of the output voltage. A method of determining the current flowing into the capacitor to control the voltage on the two balanced capacitors to ensure fast response reversal is also given in this paper. The combination of a high-harmonic resonator controller and a neutral-point voltage controller working together on the 400 Hz NPC inverter structure is given in this paper.
Direct current (DC) electronic load is a useful equipment for testing the electrical system. It can emulate various load at a high rating. The electronic load requires a power converter to operate and a linear regulator is a common option. Nonetheless, it is hard to control due to the temperature variation. This paper proposed a DC electronic load using the boost converter. The proposed electronic load operates in the continuous current mode and control using the integral controller. The electronic load using the boost converter is compared with the electronic load using the linear regulator. The results show that the boost converter able to operate as an electronic load with an error lower than 0.5% and response time lower than 13 ms.
More from International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (20)
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Wireless charging scheme for medium power range application systems
1. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS)
Vol. 11, No. 4, December 2020, pp. 1979~1986
ISSN: 2088-8694, DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i4.pp1979-1986 1979
Journal homepage: http://ijpeds.iaescore.com
Wireless charging scheme for medium power range application
systems
D Karthikeyan, Sayon Koley, Mayukh Bagchi, Avijit Bhattacharya, K Vijayakumar
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, India
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Apr 13, 2020
Revised Jun 10, 2020
Accepted Jul 2, 2020
Wireless power transmission (WPT) has attracted a wide variety of subjects
in various disciplines and has also become a highly active research field due
to its capacity to facilitate charging systems. Wireless power transmission
will be compulsory to use soon as this technology enables electrical energy
to be transmitted from a power source to an electrical load over an air gap
without connecting wires. Wireless power transmission has been developed
in the low power (1W to 10W) and high power (100W-500W) region. While
the low power region development focuses on powering medical transplants
and mobile charging, the higher end of the power spectrum is being
developed for the electric vehicle (EV) applications. However medium
power range (10W to 100W) is relatively unexplored due to lack of proper
applications. The commercial WPT scheme is mainly used for the charging
of lithium-ion batteries. Sensitive medium power loads like Lithium Polymer
(LiPo) batteries do not have a wireless modular charging system. This paper
discusses a proposed scheme for wireless charging of medium-range loads.
LiPo batteries are used as the targeted charging load. A minimalistic
approach has been considered while designing the electronics for efficiency
improvement and a compact, modular scheme. The proposed scheme has
been developed for drone and robotics applications and the results
are validated.
Keywords:
Digital signal processor (DSP)
Full bridge class D Inverter
Inductive coupling
Inductive power transfer (IPT)
Integrated circuit (IC)
Lithium polymer (LiPo)
Near field transmission
Receiver coil (Rx)
Resonant inverter
Transmission coil (Tx)
Wireless power transfer (WPT)
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
D Karthikeyan,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email: karthipncl@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION
Wireless technology makes it easy for users to travel wide distances without any hassles. Another
physical disadvantage of wired technology is that cables can easily be broken, which is not an issue with
wireless technology [1]. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) allows power to be transmitted through an air gap
without the need for load-bearing cables. WPT may provide compatible batteries or computers with power
from an AC source, without physical connectors or wires. WPT will recharge cell phones and laptops,
aircraft, bikes, and even transportation equipment. Wireless transmission of the power collected by solar-
panel arrays in space may even be possible [2, 3]. WPT has been an exciting development to replace wired
chargers in consumer electronics. Nevertheless, since the late 1890s, there has been around the idea of power
transmission without wires. Nikola Tesla was able to wirelessly light electrical bulbs using electrodynamic
induction (aka resonant inductive coupling) in his Colorado Springs Institute [4]. The world is moving
towards automation. WPT will be an important part of automating electrical and electronic items used in
current times. Charging chords require human intervention which prevents full automation. Hence to
automate drone services, vacuum cleaner, robotic equipment a WPT charging module is a requirement [5].
2. ISSN: 2088-8694
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 11, No. 4, December 2020 : 1979 – 1986
1980
LiPo batteries are sensitive devices that require balanced charging methods. The current WPT technology is
aimed at charging LioN batteries [6-7]. The chemical electrolyte between their positive and negative
electrodes is the most important difference between lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries.
2. WIRELESS PHYSICS
Many electromagnetic effects can wirelessly transfer energy from one point to the next. The
optimum approach is determined by the ideal distance between the source and device relative to two
longitudinal scales: (1) the source or device dimension, and (2) the wavelength corresponding to the
oscillation frequency [8]. Short-range transmission occurs over distances much smaller than the size of the
source or device, a mid-range transfer occurs over distances greater than the source or device and long-range
transfer occurs over distances far larger than the wavelength [9].
Figure 1 shows a wireless power transfer system with two magnetically coupled coils. The electric
energy in the transmitter coil is transformed into magnetic energy that is stored in the receiver coil where it is
converted back to electrical energy [10].
Figure 1. Resonant wireless power transfer concept
Wireless inductive power transfer (WPT) is limited to only a few millimeters of the distance
between the transmitter and the receiver. With gaps in the range of centimeters, coupling decreases, and with
it the efficiency of energy transfer decreases [11-12].
2.1. System scheme
The existing model used for wireless power transmission usually is comprised of the transmitter side
circuit, receiver side circuit, a BMS, and a LioN battery as shown below in Figure 2. The existing model has
two major drawbacks i.e sufficient power cannot be transferred due to the absence of a proper amplifying
component like a MOSFET and also the output contains a lot of unwanted noises which affects the overall
efficiency of the scheme. The proposed system can be separated into 3 components or subsystems- the
inverter, the transmitter/ receiver, and finally the battery management system (BMS). These systems are
interconnected as shown in Figure 3. The components, topologies have been selected for handling medium
power range load requirements. The source of the inverter stage is direct current (D.C.) for this scheme. It
can be taken from a 12V, 2A rated switched-mode power supply adapter.
The D.C source provides input to a full- bridge Class D inverter. It consists of 4 power switches,
two in each leg. As the frequency of switching is high, MOSFET (Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistor)
switches have been used for better switching response [13, 14]. The output of the H- Bridge is provided to an
LC resonant tank circuit, the inductive coil is the transmitter itself. The capacitor value to be set depends on
the resonant frequency of power transfer [15]. The resonant frequency is the same as the switching frequency
in this circuit [16].The receiver coil will have a capacitor connected as per the decided frequency of power
transfer. The next system is the BMS which involves the rectifier stage and necessary protection circuitry-
the output of which is finally provided to the LiPo battery. A balanced charger is integrated into the BMS
stage for the safe charging of the battery [17, 18].
3. Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694
Wireless charging scheme for medium power range application systems (D karthikeyan)
1981
Figure 2. Block diagram of the existing scheme
Figure 3. Block diagram of the proposed scheme
2.2. Inverter switching scheme
The topology used here is a basic H- Bridge inverter. The power switches have been controlled
using a timer circuit. In a pulse wave, the duty cycle is defined as follows:
D = [TON / (TON+ TOFF)] (1)
Where, D=duty cycle, TON=on period of Pulse, TOFF=OFF period of the pulse generated. In the
simulation circuit, we are using a timer circuit that provides a 50% duty cycle pulse wave to the driver IC of
diagonal power switches of the full bridge. An inverted pulse wave is generated to drive the other two
switches. A 555 timer circuit has been used for the implementation of the switching scheme and switching
frequency of 150 kHz is achieved. This switching scheme used is also called block control, where alternate
switches are blocked in a leg to avoid shoot-through. The output obtained is a square wave having a voltage
peak equal to the power supply voltage.
2.3. Gate driving scheme
TLP250 is a standalone IGBT / Mosfet driver IC. The input side consists of a GaAlA light-emitting
diode. The output side gets a drive signal from an integrated photodetector. Consequently, the main feature is
an electric separation between low and high power circuits. The electrical signals are transmitted optically
through light. Users may use it to operate high voltage switch gate terminals in both configurations, such as
high side operate and low side drive. It is available as a DIP kit with 8 pins.
2.4. Simulation
The simulation has been done using Infineon Designer-TINACloud is shown in Figure 4. It is an
online prototyping platform incorporating the functionalities of analog and digital simulation in an Internet
application. All the components used in the hardware are made by Infineon, so the use of this program for
output analysis gave the ICs in the circuit an accurate behavior. The probing method used to measure the
output across the dummy load is differential probing. The two-channel feed was connected across the load
4. ISSN: 2088-8694
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 11, No. 4, December 2020 : 1979 – 1986
1982
end and the ground was made common. The waveform received is shown in Figure 5. The black waveform is
of the probe at the positive side of the load while the green waveform is of the second probe. The difference
waveform is fed to the transmitter coil. The initial distortion is due to capacitance in the circuit. A setting of
15% has been used for rheostat to obtain the desired frequency of 150 kHz for the simulation.
Figure 4. The simulated circuit scheme
Figure 5. Voltage (vs.) time waveform at the transmitter side
2.5. Component selection
2.5.1. Switching pulse generation
A 28 pin DSP IC package dsPIC30F2010 is being used to provide the necessary pulses to the H-
Bridge. It is a high-performance Microchip Digital Signal Transmitter. It has updated Harvard architecture
and C compiler optimized instruction set architecture using 24-bit wide instructions, 16-bit wide data path, 12
Kbytes of on-chip Flash program space. This also has 512 bytes of RAM on-chip storage. It can support DC
to 40 MHz external clock input, and 4 MHz-10 MHz oscillator input with PLL specifications, making it
suitable for this scheme. The load current requirement on the transmitter side has been set to 1.5-2A and a
voltage of 12V is being used. Accordingly, the MOSFET switch specification criteria were set.
2.5.2. Transmitter and receiver coils
The transmitter coil is expected to handle a current of 1.5 to 2A according to the load requirements
and system design. Receiver coil has also been selected keeping the same range values, though it is expected
to carry less current than transmitter due to the losses. The dimension of the square coil is shown in Figure 6
square coils are used as they are more efficient than circular ones [19]. High switching frequency produces
higher-order harmonics and acoustic noises along with switching loss at edges [20, 21]. Hence a medium-
range operating frequency is chosen. Both the coils are rated at 20W power handling capacity. The current
rating of a device is limited by the heat produced in the dies and the resistance of the leads [22].
5. Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694
Wireless charging scheme for medium power range application systems (D karthikeyan)
1983
Based on discrete parts, electronic architecture offers advantages such as robust construction,
versatility, and lower overall cost [23]. The larger the coil, the higher the effective distance induced by more
magnetic fields between the transmitter coil and the receiver coil [24]. Yet bigger coils are bulky for high
power range and not suitable for low power applications. If the inductance for a greater transfer distance is
increased, the efficiency will decrease due to a higher loss of parasite resistance and an increase in the
number of windings. [25].
Figure 6. WE-WPCC wireless charging coil
2.6. Subsystem design
2.6.1. Timer circuit code used in dsp
Output Compare PWM mode has been used in the DSP for the generation of switching logic for the
MOSFETs. OC2CON Special function Register (SFR) has been used to select the operation mode of the
Output Compare Module. Initially, OC2CON bits are reset. Then steps are followed to configuring it to
Continuous Pulse Mode. Pulse Width starts time is written on OC2R and stop time on OC2RS compare
registers. Next, OCM bits of OC2CON register (<2:0>) is set to 101 to configuring it to Continuous Pulse
Mode. Next the timer is enabled by setting the TON bit of the T3CON register. Timer 3 is used here and the
PR3 register is used to set the PWM period. PTCON register is used to set the PWM mode. Here it has been
set to Free Running Mode and the Pre-Scalar value of 1:1 concerning external clock has been selected by
setting the register value. Complementary Mode along with dead time has been configured using the
PWMCON1 register. PDC1, PDC2, PDC3 SFRs are used to specify duty cycle values for the PWM module.
The LS bit of these registers determines whether the PWM edge occurs in the beginning. The program body
for assigning the SFR values is as given.
#include<P30F2010.h>
#include“LCD.h”
_FOSC(CSW_FSCM_OFF & XT_PLL8);
_FWDT(WDT_OFF);
Int main()
{
PTPER = 100000;
PTCON = 0x5000;
PWMCON1 = 0x0001;
PDC3 = 66;
PDC2 = 66;
PDC1 = 100;
PR3 = 400;
OC2ON = 0x0000;
OC2R = 0;
OC2RS = 220;
OC2ON = 0x000D;
T3C0N = 0x800;
end_write();
data_write(“WIRELESS POWER”.0x80.16);
data_write(“TRANSFER”.0xc0.16);
while(1);{}}
6. ISSN: 2088-8694
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 11, No. 4, December 2020 : 1979 – 1986
1984
2.6.2. Hardware assembly
The circuit was initially assembled part wise on a breadboard and tested with the gradual increase in
switching frequency. The input waveform to the transmitter coil was checked in oscilloscope and further
design fine-tuning was done. The circuit was then assembled on a general-purpose printed circuit board
(PCB). The PCB used has a clad of glass fiber with epoxy resin bond which has a higher frequency handling
capacity. The PCB used is a two-layer, single-sided, with a separate power plane and signal plane. The
finished circuit was soldered to the transmitter coil and power chords.
In the assembled system as an input source of power two transformers along with a bridge rectifier
system has been used as shown in Figure 7(a). It is done so that direct supply from 220V mains can be taken
for the system but an adapter or a DC source of sufficing rating can also be used to power it up. One
transformer provides for the main supply to the H-Bridge MOSFETs and other acts as a supplementary
power source to supply the ICs. The receiver side consists of a bridge rectifier followed by a filter stage and
ultimately fitted to supply for the charging of a Li-Ion battery. The output of the MOSFET is shown in Figure
7(b). The square waveform of 150 kHz is produced. Output at the receiver end shown in Figure 8.
(a) (b)
Figure 7. The Transmitter Side Configuration, (a) Hardware system, (b) Output
Figure 8. Output at the receiver end
3. RESULTS
We are receiving an output voltage of around 9 volts which is being used to charge the LiPo battery
using the balanced charger module. This is however a prototype model that can be further developed into
transmitting higher power by fine-tuning the inductive coupling and increasing the number of turns in the
coil. This charging module can thus be implemented in charging stations for drones and various other
robotic applications.
7. Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694
Wireless charging scheme for medium power range application systems (D karthikeyan)
1985
4. CONCLUSION
The module we developed was tested with an input voltage of 15V and has a handling capacity of
50V. The hardware developed is a prototype. Compared to existing models our system can transfer power
successfully in the medium power range applications. The whole system hardware was assembled
successfully and tests had been conducted related to the load handling capacity of the system. The scheme
was proven to work and by the output values obtained. Visual observations made on the prototype assembled.
The sensitivity of the scheme towards varying air gap length of the wireless coil was also tested
REFERENCES
[1] Mark Estabrook, “The convenience of wireless charging: It’s just physics,” White Paper, MediaTek, 2017.
[2] YevgenBarsugov, “Battery Cell Balancing: What to Balance and How,” Texas Instruments, 2018.
[3] Mercier, Patrick P., and Anantha P. Chandrakasan, “Rapid Wireless Capacitor Charging Using a Multi-Tapped
Inductively-Coupled Secondary Coil,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 60,
no. 9, pp. 2263–2272, 2013.
[4] Xiao Lu, Ping Wang, Dusit Niyato, Dong In Kim, and Zhu Han, “Wireless Charging Technologies: Fundamentals,
Standards and Network Applications,” IEEE, 2015.
[5] Stephan Schaecher, Matthias Brandl, “Resonant Wireless Power Transfer,” White Paper,
Infineon Technologies, 2018,
[6] Nicholas Abbondante, “Wireless Power: Cutting the cord in today’s mobile World,” White Paper, Intertek.
[7] Dean Clark, “Considerations when Designing a Wireless Charging System,” White-Paper, ABRACON.
[8] Freescale Semiconductor, “Coils used for Wireless Charging,” Inc. Application Note, 2014.
[9] Joseph C. Stark III, M.E., “Wireless Power Transmission Utilizing a Phased Array of Tesla Coils,” in Electrical
Engineering Thesis, 2004.
[10] Lixin Shi, Zachary Kabelac, Dina Katabi, and David Perreault. s., “Wireless Power Hotspot that Charges All of
your Devices,” In Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking
(MobiCom '15). ACM, New York, 2015.
[11] Chandrashekar DR, “High-Frequency Inverter Design Fundamentals,” Magphy Systems, 2010.
[12] Jiang, Chaoqiang, “An Overview of Resonant Circuits for Wireless Power Transfer,” Energies, vol. 10,
pp. 894, 2017.
[13] Gui-Jia Su, “Converter Topologies for Wired and Wireless Chargers,” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2011.
[14] Rui Jin, “Circuits and Systems for Efficient Portable-to-Portable Wireless Charging,” MIT, 2014.
[15] Chen, Weitong, and Chunhua Liu, Christopher Lee, and Zhiqiang Shan, “Cost_Effectiveness Comparison of
Coupler Designs of Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle Dynamic Charging,” Energies, vol. 9,
no. 11, 2016.
[16] S Cui et al., “Study on efficiency of different topologies of magnetic coupled resonant wireless charging system,”
IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 93, 2017.
[17] TianqingLi, Xiangzhou Wang, Shuhua Zheng, and Chunhua Liu, “An Efficient Topology for Wireless Power
Transfer Over A Wide Range of Loading Conditions,” Energies MDPI, 2018.
[18] Paolo Batezzato, “Wireless Battery Charging,” White-Paper, ST, Technology Tour, 2017.
[19] Stephan Schächer, MilkoPaolucci, “Wireless charging: advanced technology delivers consumer convenience,”
White Paper, Infineon Technologies AG, 2017.
[20] Robert Alexander Moffatt, “Wireless Transfer of Electric Power,” MIT, 2009.
[21] M. Saravanan, A. Ramesh Babu, “High Power Density Multi-Mosfet-Based Series Resonant Inverter for Induction
Heating Applications,” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS), vol. 7, no. 1,
pp. 107-113, 2016.
[22] M. N. Tandjaoui, C. Benachaiba, O. abdelkhalek, B. Denai, Y. Mouloudi, “Characterisation and Modelling of
Power Electronics Device,” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS), vol. 5, no. 2,
pp. 135-14, 2014.
[23] Hussain Attia, Ali Sagafinia, “Novel Discrete Components Based Speed Controller for Induction Motor,”
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS), vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1075-1084, 2016.
[24] A. Ali, M.N.M Yasin, M.F.C. Husin, N.A.M Ahmad Hamb ali, “Design and analysis of 2-coil wireless power
transfer (WPT) using magnetic coupling technique,” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System
(IJPEDS), vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 611-616, 2019.
[25] Masood Rehman, Perumal Nallagownden, Zuhairi Baharudin, “Efficiency investigation of SS and SP compensation
topologies for wireless power transfer,” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS),
vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 2157-2164, 2019.
8. ISSN: 2088-8694
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 11, No. 4, December 2020 : 1979 – 1986
1986
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
D. Karthikeyan was awarded a B.E. Degree from the Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Department of A.I.H.T College, Chennai, India (affiliated to Anna University, Chennai, India), in
2009; and M.Tech. Graduated from SRMIST (formerly SRM University), Kattankulathur, India, in
Power Electronics and Drives in 2013, he completed his Ph.D. in Multilevel Inverters in 2019. He
currently works as an assistant professor in the SRMIST (formerly SRM University) Department of
Electrical Engineering, Kattankulathur, and Chennai, India. His current research interests include
power electronic multilevel inverters, AC drives, and DC drives. He is a member of various
professional societies such as the IEEE, IET, and ISCA.
Sayon Koley, pursuing B.Tech from SRM Institute of Science and Technology with major in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering. He has a subject interest in Power System Engineering. His
current research interests include inverter designing and high-frequency topologies.
Mayukh Bagchi, pursuing B.Tech from SRM Institute of Science and Technology with major in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering. He has a subject interest in experimental physics. His current
research interests include wireless power transfer and particle accelerator design.
Avijit Bhattacharya, pursuing B.Tech from SRM Institute of Science and Technology with major in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering. He has a subject interest in Electromagnetic Theory. His
current research interests include High Voltage power supply designing and inverter designing.
Vijayakumar Krishnasamy received his B.E. and M.E. degrees from Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar, India; and his Ph.D. degree from SRMIST (Formerly SRM University),
Kattankulathur, India. He is presently working as a Professor and as the Head of the Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering of SRMIST (Formerly SRM University). His current research
interests include power system modeling, power electronics converters for grid-connected PV
systems, computational intelligence applications in power systems, FACTS devices, and power
quality. He has been awarded the Best Teacher Award in his department for the academic years 2004
and 2006. He is a member of various professional societies such as the IEEE, IET, FIE, ISTE, and
ISCA.