EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PARTIALLY REPLACED WASTE MATERIALS IN RI...guruvignesh N
This present study aims to identify the most suitable material
to utilize in concrete pavement. Several studies have been conducted across the worldwide to identify properties of waste materials on concrete and environmental also. From the basis of different studies the waste materials to be selected and replaced partial manner instead of concrete components. utilize waste material in rigid pavement for low cost concreting purpose. The selected appropriate ranging is to be used for rigid pavement construction in the grade of M30 as per IRC 44. Various engineering properties were obtained by strength and durability analysis.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
One of the major environmental concerns is the disposal of the waste materials and utilization of
industrial by products. Lime stone quarries will produce millions of tons waste dust powder every year. Having
considerable high degree of fineness in comparision to cement this material may be utilized as a partial
replacement to cement. For this purpose an experiment is conducted to investigate the possibility of using lime
stone powder in the production of SCC with combined use GGBS and how it affects the fresh and mechanical
properties of SCC. First SCC is made by replacing cement with GGBS in percentages like 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and
by taking the optimum mix with GGBS lime stone powder is blended to mix in percentages like 5, 10, 15, 20 as
a partial replacement to cement. Test results shows that the SCC mix with combination of 30% GGBS and 15%
limestone powder gives maximum compressive strength and fresh properties are also in the limits prescribed by
the EFNARC.
Experimental Investigation on Replacement of Cement in Concrete Partially by ...ijtsrd
Concrete is the most extremely used construction material within the world, which always uses natural resources like lime, aggregates and water. The production of cement in world has increased greatly, due to this cement production emission of CO2 gas has been increased tremendously, ultimately environmental pollution increased to very large extent. This affect to environment has been reduced by cement has been replaced by some supplementary materials like Dolamite Powder or Fly ash or GGBS and so on. Dolamite. Powder was conducted detailed study and lots of research work has been made on other waste materials and it is found there is a great future scope for research on Dolamite Powder as a replacement to cement, sand or both. Now in our case, cement has been replaced partially with in varying proportions likewise from 0 to 20 and its effect has been analysed on the standard consistency, soundness, setting times of cement and compressive strength of cement mortar mixes. The cubes and cylinders of concrete were casted for variable content of dolomite powder. Pramod Dhamne | Dr. P. B. Nagarnaik ""Experimental Investigation on Replacement of Cement in Concrete Partially by using Dolamite Powder"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23035.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/23035/experimental-investigation-on-replacement-of-cement-in-concrete-partially-by-using-dolamite-powder/pramod-dhamne
A LABORATORY STUDY OF CONCRETE MIX USING Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slagjay dalal
project on GGBS replace with CEMENT and check the strength of cement concrete and GGBS cement concrete on M20 grade. we also check price of cement concrete and GGBS cement concrete.
EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PARTIALLY REPLACED WASTE MATERIALS IN RI...guruvignesh N
This present study aims to identify the most suitable material
to utilize in concrete pavement. Several studies have been conducted across the worldwide to identify properties of waste materials on concrete and environmental also. From the basis of different studies the waste materials to be selected and replaced partial manner instead of concrete components. utilize waste material in rigid pavement for low cost concreting purpose. The selected appropriate ranging is to be used for rigid pavement construction in the grade of M30 as per IRC 44. Various engineering properties were obtained by strength and durability analysis.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
One of the major environmental concerns is the disposal of the waste materials and utilization of
industrial by products. Lime stone quarries will produce millions of tons waste dust powder every year. Having
considerable high degree of fineness in comparision to cement this material may be utilized as a partial
replacement to cement. For this purpose an experiment is conducted to investigate the possibility of using lime
stone powder in the production of SCC with combined use GGBS and how it affects the fresh and mechanical
properties of SCC. First SCC is made by replacing cement with GGBS in percentages like 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and
by taking the optimum mix with GGBS lime stone powder is blended to mix in percentages like 5, 10, 15, 20 as
a partial replacement to cement. Test results shows that the SCC mix with combination of 30% GGBS and 15%
limestone powder gives maximum compressive strength and fresh properties are also in the limits prescribed by
the EFNARC.
Experimental Investigation on Replacement of Cement in Concrete Partially by ...ijtsrd
Concrete is the most extremely used construction material within the world, which always uses natural resources like lime, aggregates and water. The production of cement in world has increased greatly, due to this cement production emission of CO2 gas has been increased tremendously, ultimately environmental pollution increased to very large extent. This affect to environment has been reduced by cement has been replaced by some supplementary materials like Dolamite Powder or Fly ash or GGBS and so on. Dolamite. Powder was conducted detailed study and lots of research work has been made on other waste materials and it is found there is a great future scope for research on Dolamite Powder as a replacement to cement, sand or both. Now in our case, cement has been replaced partially with in varying proportions likewise from 0 to 20 and its effect has been analysed on the standard consistency, soundness, setting times of cement and compressive strength of cement mortar mixes. The cubes and cylinders of concrete were casted for variable content of dolomite powder. Pramod Dhamne | Dr. P. B. Nagarnaik ""Experimental Investigation on Replacement of Cement in Concrete Partially by using Dolamite Powder"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23035.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/23035/experimental-investigation-on-replacement-of-cement-in-concrete-partially-by-using-dolamite-powder/pramod-dhamne
A LABORATORY STUDY OF CONCRETE MIX USING Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slagjay dalal
project on GGBS replace with CEMENT and check the strength of cement concrete and GGBS cement concrete on M20 grade. we also check price of cement concrete and GGBS cement concrete.
Experimental Investigation on the Concrete as a Partial Replacement of Fine a...IJSRD
This project work involves in an experimental study on the concrete by using stone dust and brick dust on the mechanical properties of the concrete. In this experimental study two types admixtures are used in preparation of concrete mix. Stone dust and brick dust are added from 0% to 25% by weight of fine aggregate with increment of 5%. A comparative analysis has been carried out for conventional concrete to that of the admixture concrete in relation to their compressive, split tensile and flexural strength properties. As the stone dust and brick dust content increases in cement concrete, the compressive and split tensile values are proportionally increasing. It is observed that at 20% of stone dust and brick dust is the optimum dosages for concrete mixture.
Experimental study on Use of Waste Glass as admixture in ConcreteIJSRD
Glass is utilized as a part of numerous structures in everyday life. It has restricted life and after use it is either stock heaped or sent to landfills. Since glass is non-biodegradable, landfills don't give a situation well-disposed arrangement. Thus, there is solid need to use waste glasses. Many efforts has already been made in concrete engineering as a partial replacement of cement or fine aggregate or coarse aggregate. In this experiment we use waste glass powder as a partial replacement of cement and a comparative study has been made with other admixture such as fly ash and silica fume. A series of test were conducted with partial replacement of glass by 15% and 30% to weight of cement where as we have used only 15% of partial replacement in case of fly ash and silica fume just to compare the results with glass at 15% and 30%. The present study demonstrates that waste glass, if ground finer than 100µm demonstrates a pozzolanic conduct. It responds with lime at early time phase of hydration forming extra CSH gel along these lines shaping denser bond matrix. The early utilization of alkalis by glass particles moderate alkali silica reaction consequently expands durability of cement.
Improved Concrete Properties Using Quarry Dust as Replacement for Natural SandIJERD Editor
Concrete plays a major role in the construction industry. Natural sand is a prime material used for
the preparation of concrete and also plays an important role in Mix Design. Now a day’s river erosion and other
environmental issues have led to the scarcity of river sand. The reduction in the sources of natural sand and the
requirement for reduction in the cost of concrete production has resulted in the increased need to find new
alternative materials to replace river sand so that excess river erosion is prevented and high strength concrete is
obtained at lower cost. One such material is Quarry stone dust: a by-product obtained during quarrying process.
Attempts have been made to study the suitability of Quarry dust as sand replacing material and it has been found
that Quarry dust improves the mechanical properties of concrete as well as elastic modulus. The optimum
compressive strength is achieved at the proportion of fine to coarse with 60:40 ratio
Utilization of Foundry Waste Sand in the Preparation of Concreteiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE USING GGBS AN...AM Publications
Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a by-product obtained from the blast furnaces used in the iron manufacturing industry. The disposal of the marble powder obtained from marble industry constitutes one of the environmental problems around the world. One of the possible solutions for the effective use of GGBS and marble powder is to partially replace cement in concrete. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on concrete in which the cement is partially replaced by both GGBS and marble powder. In this study, different percentages of GGBS and marble powder are used for partial replacement of cement by 30%. Tests conducted includes workability of fresh concrete (Slump test), strength of hardened concrete (Compressive strength, Split tensile strength and Flexural strength) and durability properties of concrete (Chloride resistance and Sulphate resistance).
based on the partial replacement of cement with ggbs as a concern to reduce the demand for cement. this seminar is being conducted in reference to 2 important journals...on the study carried out in RC beams and plain hardened concrete. Various tests are being conducted and it reveals that upto 70% replacement can be used which gives the same result as that without replacement.
An Experimental Study on Durability of Concrete Using Fly Ash & GGBS for M30 ...IJERD Editor
Concrete when subjected to severe environments its durability can significantly decline due to
degradation. Degradation of concrete structures by corrosion is a serious problem and has major economic
implications. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the durability of concrete using the mineral
admixtures like Fly Ash & Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) for M30 grade concrete.Cube
Specimens were casted and are immersed in normal water, sea water, H2SO4 of various concentrations and were
tested after 7 days, 28 days & 60 days.
Partial replacement of cement in concrete using waste glass powder and m sand...eSAT Journals
Abstract: The traditional Taguchi method is widely used for optimizing the process parameters of a single response problem. Optimization of a single response results the non-optimum values for remaining. But, the performance of a machining process is often evaluated by several quality responses. Under such circumstances, multi-characteristics response optimization may be the solution to optimize multi-responses simultaneously. In the present work, a multi-characteristics response optimization model based on Taguchi and Utility concept is used to optimize process parameters, such as magnetic flux, rotational speed of CFG rod, shape of CFG rod, number of cycles, abrasive-to-iron ratio and abrasive particle size on multiple performance characteristics, namely, surface roughness (Ra) and material removal (MR) during polishing of hollow cylindrical brass work-pieces with Centrifugal-Magnetic Force Assisted Abrasive Flow Machining (CMA2FM) Process. Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array (OA) is selected for experimental planning. The ANOVA and F-tests are used to analyze the results. It is found that all the input parameters significantly improve the Utility function comprising of two quality characteristics (MR and %ΔRa). Further, the confirmation tests are conducted and the results are found to be within the confidence interval.
Keywords: Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM), Centrifugal Force, Magnetic Force, CFG Rod, CMA2FM, Utility Concept,TaguchiMethod,MultiResponseOptimization
Study of Properties of Concrete when its Fine Aggregate is replaced by Glass ...ijsrd.com
Use of waste material in concrete achieves a new height in the present construction world. In concrete all their ingredients are partially or fully replaced by many waste materials like Cement is replaced by Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash, Wheat Straw Ash, etc., Fine aggregate is replaced by Saw Dust Ash, Quarry Fines, and Glass Powder etc. And coarse aggregate is replaced by cockle shell, tire rubber, recycle aggregate etc. In this paper study of Compressive strength, Split Tensile Strength, Workability and water absorption of concrete is done when its fine aggregate is replaced by Glass Powder. 150 * 150 * 150 mm cube and 150 * 300 mm cylinders are cased of M 25 grade of concrete.
Study on Coefficient of Permeability of Copper slag when admixed with Lime an...IOSR Journals
Production of waste in unpredictable amounts is almost in every part of metal and non metal casting
trade. These wastes can be converted to material goods if processed for vital improvement of valuables
provided it is cost-effective. Random dumping of these wastes may lead to environmental problems and
therefore, presently the reuse of the waste materials in various fields is seen for fairly various periods. Copper
slag is a waste product generated during the smelting process for the production of copper. It has been
estimated that for every tonne of copper produced, about 1.8-2.2 tonnes of copper slag is generated as a waste.
Due to increase in production capacity of copper, copper slag getting accumulated require additional dumping
space and causing wastage of good cultivable land. The present paper discusses the laboratory test results of
coefficient of permeability tests conducted on copper slag mixed with cement and lime. The copper slag mixed
with lime and cement in various percentages were kept for curing and then tested after 7, 14, 28 days. Effective
results were observed for the coefficient of permeability of copper slag on addition of lime and cement from 0%
to 10%. There is a decrease in coefficient of permeability value as the percentage of addition of lime and cement
increases and with the curing period. The coefficient of permeability is very high for copper slag alone. When
copper slag is mixed with a binding material like lime or cement, there is a reduction in permeability. Also upon
mixing the same with an expansive soil, it may be suitable to reduce the swelling characteristics by developing
pozzolanic reactions.
Experimental Investigation on the Concrete as a Partial Replacement of Fine a...IJSRD
This project work involves in an experimental study on the concrete by using stone dust and brick dust on the mechanical properties of the concrete. In this experimental study two types admixtures are used in preparation of concrete mix. Stone dust and brick dust are added from 0% to 25% by weight of fine aggregate with increment of 5%. A comparative analysis has been carried out for conventional concrete to that of the admixture concrete in relation to their compressive, split tensile and flexural strength properties. As the stone dust and brick dust content increases in cement concrete, the compressive and split tensile values are proportionally increasing. It is observed that at 20% of stone dust and brick dust is the optimum dosages for concrete mixture.
Experimental study on Use of Waste Glass as admixture in ConcreteIJSRD
Glass is utilized as a part of numerous structures in everyday life. It has restricted life and after use it is either stock heaped or sent to landfills. Since glass is non-biodegradable, landfills don't give a situation well-disposed arrangement. Thus, there is solid need to use waste glasses. Many efforts has already been made in concrete engineering as a partial replacement of cement or fine aggregate or coarse aggregate. In this experiment we use waste glass powder as a partial replacement of cement and a comparative study has been made with other admixture such as fly ash and silica fume. A series of test were conducted with partial replacement of glass by 15% and 30% to weight of cement where as we have used only 15% of partial replacement in case of fly ash and silica fume just to compare the results with glass at 15% and 30%. The present study demonstrates that waste glass, if ground finer than 100µm demonstrates a pozzolanic conduct. It responds with lime at early time phase of hydration forming extra CSH gel along these lines shaping denser bond matrix. The early utilization of alkalis by glass particles moderate alkali silica reaction consequently expands durability of cement.
Improved Concrete Properties Using Quarry Dust as Replacement for Natural SandIJERD Editor
Concrete plays a major role in the construction industry. Natural sand is a prime material used for
the preparation of concrete and also plays an important role in Mix Design. Now a day’s river erosion and other
environmental issues have led to the scarcity of river sand. The reduction in the sources of natural sand and the
requirement for reduction in the cost of concrete production has resulted in the increased need to find new
alternative materials to replace river sand so that excess river erosion is prevented and high strength concrete is
obtained at lower cost. One such material is Quarry stone dust: a by-product obtained during quarrying process.
Attempts have been made to study the suitability of Quarry dust as sand replacing material and it has been found
that Quarry dust improves the mechanical properties of concrete as well as elastic modulus. The optimum
compressive strength is achieved at the proportion of fine to coarse with 60:40 ratio
Utilization of Foundry Waste Sand in the Preparation of Concreteiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE USING GGBS AN...AM Publications
Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a by-product obtained from the blast furnaces used in the iron manufacturing industry. The disposal of the marble powder obtained from marble industry constitutes one of the environmental problems around the world. One of the possible solutions for the effective use of GGBS and marble powder is to partially replace cement in concrete. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on concrete in which the cement is partially replaced by both GGBS and marble powder. In this study, different percentages of GGBS and marble powder are used for partial replacement of cement by 30%. Tests conducted includes workability of fresh concrete (Slump test), strength of hardened concrete (Compressive strength, Split tensile strength and Flexural strength) and durability properties of concrete (Chloride resistance and Sulphate resistance).
based on the partial replacement of cement with ggbs as a concern to reduce the demand for cement. this seminar is being conducted in reference to 2 important journals...on the study carried out in RC beams and plain hardened concrete. Various tests are being conducted and it reveals that upto 70% replacement can be used which gives the same result as that without replacement.
An Experimental Study on Durability of Concrete Using Fly Ash & GGBS for M30 ...IJERD Editor
Concrete when subjected to severe environments its durability can significantly decline due to
degradation. Degradation of concrete structures by corrosion is a serious problem and has major economic
implications. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the durability of concrete using the mineral
admixtures like Fly Ash & Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) for M30 grade concrete.Cube
Specimens were casted and are immersed in normal water, sea water, H2SO4 of various concentrations and were
tested after 7 days, 28 days & 60 days.
Partial replacement of cement in concrete using waste glass powder and m sand...eSAT Journals
Abstract: The traditional Taguchi method is widely used for optimizing the process parameters of a single response problem. Optimization of a single response results the non-optimum values for remaining. But, the performance of a machining process is often evaluated by several quality responses. Under such circumstances, multi-characteristics response optimization may be the solution to optimize multi-responses simultaneously. In the present work, a multi-characteristics response optimization model based on Taguchi and Utility concept is used to optimize process parameters, such as magnetic flux, rotational speed of CFG rod, shape of CFG rod, number of cycles, abrasive-to-iron ratio and abrasive particle size on multiple performance characteristics, namely, surface roughness (Ra) and material removal (MR) during polishing of hollow cylindrical brass work-pieces with Centrifugal-Magnetic Force Assisted Abrasive Flow Machining (CMA2FM) Process. Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array (OA) is selected for experimental planning. The ANOVA and F-tests are used to analyze the results. It is found that all the input parameters significantly improve the Utility function comprising of two quality characteristics (MR and %ΔRa). Further, the confirmation tests are conducted and the results are found to be within the confidence interval.
Keywords: Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM), Centrifugal Force, Magnetic Force, CFG Rod, CMA2FM, Utility Concept,TaguchiMethod,MultiResponseOptimization
Study of Properties of Concrete when its Fine Aggregate is replaced by Glass ...ijsrd.com
Use of waste material in concrete achieves a new height in the present construction world. In concrete all their ingredients are partially or fully replaced by many waste materials like Cement is replaced by Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash, Wheat Straw Ash, etc., Fine aggregate is replaced by Saw Dust Ash, Quarry Fines, and Glass Powder etc. And coarse aggregate is replaced by cockle shell, tire rubber, recycle aggregate etc. In this paper study of Compressive strength, Split Tensile Strength, Workability and water absorption of concrete is done when its fine aggregate is replaced by Glass Powder. 150 * 150 * 150 mm cube and 150 * 300 mm cylinders are cased of M 25 grade of concrete.
Study on Coefficient of Permeability of Copper slag when admixed with Lime an...IOSR Journals
Production of waste in unpredictable amounts is almost in every part of metal and non metal casting
trade. These wastes can be converted to material goods if processed for vital improvement of valuables
provided it is cost-effective. Random dumping of these wastes may lead to environmental problems and
therefore, presently the reuse of the waste materials in various fields is seen for fairly various periods. Copper
slag is a waste product generated during the smelting process for the production of copper. It has been
estimated that for every tonne of copper produced, about 1.8-2.2 tonnes of copper slag is generated as a waste.
Due to increase in production capacity of copper, copper slag getting accumulated require additional dumping
space and causing wastage of good cultivable land. The present paper discusses the laboratory test results of
coefficient of permeability tests conducted on copper slag mixed with cement and lime. The copper slag mixed
with lime and cement in various percentages were kept for curing and then tested after 7, 14, 28 days. Effective
results were observed for the coefficient of permeability of copper slag on addition of lime and cement from 0%
to 10%. There is a decrease in coefficient of permeability value as the percentage of addition of lime and cement
increases and with the curing period. The coefficient of permeability is very high for copper slag alone. When
copper slag is mixed with a binding material like lime or cement, there is a reduction in permeability. Also upon
mixing the same with an expansive soil, it may be suitable to reduce the swelling characteristics by developing
pozzolanic reactions.
Feasibility of Copper Slag – Fly Ash Mix as a Road Construction Material IDES Editor
In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the
feasibility of copper slag – fly ash mix for use in subbase
course of the flexible pavements. A number of cylindrical test
specimens (38 mm diameter and 76 mm height) were prepared
with raw materials such as copper slag and fly ash in different
proportions. These samples were cured at a temperature of
30 0C and relative humidity of 85% in a humidity controlled
chamber for different curing period of 0, 7, 14 and 28 days.
The geotechnical properties of different trial mixes, namely,
unconfined compressive strength, soaked CBR and triaxial
shear strength were determined. The effects of fly ash and
content and curing period on the above geotechnical properties
were investigated. From the present study the 30% fly ash
+70% copper slag mix was found to be optimum for use in
subbase layers of the flexible pavements. Therefore,
construction of road pavements utilizing the optimum mix as
stated above is possible. This will help in conserving the
conventional aggregates used for subbase and eliminate
problems related to disposal of industrial waste like copper
slag and fly ash.
Effect of Copper Slag as a Fine Aggregate on Properties of ConcreteAM Publications
In this work, an extensive study using copper slag has been carried out to investigate strength, workability and durability. Copper slag is an industrial by-product material produced from the process of manufacturing copper. For, 2.2 tonnes of copper slag is generated at every ton of copper production in the world of copper industry, it has approximately 26.6 million tons of copper slag are generated. Copper slag as a substitute for conventional fine aggregate with partial or full replacement using M25 grade concrete The main objective is to encourage the use of these seemingly waste products as a construction material. In this paper , the effect of using copper slag as a fine aggregate on properties of cement mortars and concrete various mortars & concrete mixtures were prepared with different proportions of copper slag ranging from (0CS+100S)%, (10CS+90S)%, (20CS+80S)%,(30CS+70S)%, (40CS+60S)%, (50CS+50S)%, (60CS+40S)%, (70CS+30S)%, (80CS+20S)%, (90CS+10S)%, (100+0S)%. Form the above test result we concluded that the 50% CS+50% S gives optimum proportional of CS that can be used as a replacement substitute material for fine aggregate in concrete. The design M25 grade concrete for 50% replacement of CS shows the HPC characteristics. The design M25 grade concrete for 30% replacement of CS shows the HPC characteristics. We can fully replace (100%CS) by fine aggregate in concrete, because of above all test result more than control mix. We can use any proportion of CS replacement as pre our requirement for creating concrete, because we concluded that the all result of replacement of CS is more than control mix.
Strength Characteristics of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggre...IJERA Editor
This paper presents the results of concrete mix with partial replacement of fine aggregate by quarry dust and simultaneous partial replacement of coarse aggregate by laterite stone aggregate respectively on compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and workability of concrete. Concrete mixes containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 25 % and 30%, replacement (by weight) of fine aggregate with quarry dust and simultaneously 25% replacement of coarse aggregate (by weight) with laterite stone were casted in lab and checked for compressive strength, split tensile strength ,flexure strength and workability .This replacement results in making the concrete more economically available
An Experimental Investigation on Strengths Characteristics of Concrete with t...ijsrd.com
The present work is directed towards developing a better understanding on strengths characteristics of concrete using as a partial replacement of cement by marble dust powder and sand by stone dust. The Dissertation work is carried out with M30 grade concrete for which the marble powder is replaced by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% by weight of cement. For all the mixes compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths are determined at different days of curing apart from this the beams were casted and tested under flexural, the load and deflection are noted simultaneously and also the crack pattern were observed. In addition to this, sand is replaced with stone dust (SD) by 10%, 20% and 30% along with cement is replaced with MP by 0%, 10% and 20% by weight for M30 grades of concrete. Only 3 cubes were casted for various percentage replacements of sand with SD and cement with MP for 7days and 28 days compressive strength. The results of the present investigation indicate that marble dusts incorporation results insignificant improvements in the compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths of concrete and The load carrying capacity of RMP RCC beams {mix2 and mix3} is more compared to RCC conventional beams up to 10% of replacement and also for stone dusts and marble dust incorporation results insignificant improvements in the compressive strengths of concrete up to 20% of SD and 10% of MP of replacement.
An experimental study on high performance concrete using mineral fly ash and ...IJARIIT
This work presents the determination of the mechanical properties (compression, split tensile and flexural tests) of the
specimens (cubes, cylinders, and beams). The specimens are of M60 grade high strength concrete which includes ground
granulated blast furnace slag (10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40%) and Fly ash (10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40%) to obtain the desired
strengths and properties. Finally, we used in combination of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag in different
percentages as replacement of cement and concrete was prepared. We used SP430-Sulphonated Naphthalene Polymers as a
super plasticizer for better workability for high performance concrete. Dosage for super plasticizers is same for all mix
proportions. We casted concrete cubes, beams, and cylinders and are kept for curing for a period of 28days. The tests are
conducted after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing period. To obtain such desired strength that cannot be obtained from conventional
concrete and by the current method, a large number of trial mixes with different percentages of fly ash and different percentages
of ground granulated blast furnace slag are required to select the desired combination of materials that meet the required
strength.
Concrete is world’s most used material after water
for urban development. Concrete is made up of naturally
occurring material such as Cement, Aggregate and Water.
The cement is major ingredient of concrete and due to rapid
production of cement, various environmental problems are
occurred i.e. Emission of green house gases such as CO2. The
production of Portland cement is energy intensive.
Global warming gas is released when the raw
material of cement, limestone and clay is crushed and heated
in a furnace at high temperature of about 1500’C. Each year
approximately 1.89 billion tons of cement has been produced
world wide.
Studies on gold ore tailings as partial replacement of fine aggregates in con...IJLT EMAS
River sand is becoming scarce and meeting the demand
of fine aggregates in the construction industry is becoming a
challenging task. In this investigation an attempt is made to
utilize gold ore tailings as a partial substitute for river sand in
producing concrete. River sand is replaced with 5%, 10%, 15%,
20% and 25% gold ore tailings and the resulting fine aggregates
were used in concrete mix and it is compared with conventional
concrete. Mix proportions for M20 concrete were obtained for
five mixes as per guidelines given in IS: 10262-2009. Workability,
compressive strength and flexural strength are reported. The
strengths were obtained at the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days.
Compressive and flexural strength increased marginally from
5% to 15% replacement. There is a slight decrease in the
corresponding compressive and flexural strengths at 20%
replacement. Good correlation was observed between
compressive strength and flexural strength. It was observed that
the addition of gold ore tailings that would replace the fine
material at particular proportion has displayed an enhancing
effect on mechanical properties of concrete. This investigation
proves that gold ore tailings can be used as a partial substitute
for river sand in preparing concrete.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
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Mission to Decommission: Importance of Decommissioning Products to Increase E...
H012335156
1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 12, Issue 3 Ver. III (May. - Jun. 2015), PP 51-56
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12335156 www.iosrjournals.org 51 | Page
The Behaviour of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine
Aggregate with Copper Slag and Cement with GGBS
- An Experimental Study
M. Pavan Kumar1
, Y.Mahesh2
1
(Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SVP Engineering College, Andhra Pradesh, India)
2
(M.E(Scholar), Department of Civil Engineering, SVP Engineering College, Andhra Pradesh, India)
Abstract : The replacement of natural resources in the manufacture of cement and sand is the present issue in
the present construction scenario. Copper slag and Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) are
industrial by-product materials produced from the process of manufacturing copper and iron. Use of Copper
slag and GGBS does not only reduce the cost of construction but also helps to reduce the impact on environment
by consuming the material generally considered as waste product. Hence in the current study an attempt has
been made to minimize the cost of cement and sand with concrete mix grade M25 by studying the mechanical
behavior of this concrete mix by partial replacing with advanced mineral admixtures such as Copper slag and
GGBS in concrete mix. In this study, partial replacement of Cement with GGBS and Sand with Copper Slag
considered. Experimental study is conducted to evaluate the workability and strength characteristics of
hardened concrete, properties of concrete have been assessed by partially replacing cement with GGBS, and
sand with Copper Slag. The cement has been replaced by GGBS accordingly in the range of 0% (without
GGBS), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of cement for M25 mix. The sand has been replaced by Copper
slag accordingly in the range of 0% (without Copper slag), 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of cement for
M25 mix. Concrete mixtures were produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive, flexural and split
tensile strength with the conventional concrete.
Keywords - Copper slag, GGBS, Workability, Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength.
I. Introduction
In the present scenario, as a result of continuous growth in population, rapid industrialization and the
accompanying technologies involving waste disposal, the rate of discharge of pollutants into the atmosphere,
copper slag and GGBS are few of the industrial by-products which comes out from blast furnace during metal
extraction process. In many countries, there is a scarcity of natural aggregate that is suitable for construction,
whereas in other countries the consumption of aggregate has increased in recent years, due to increases in the
construction Industry. In order to reduce depletion of natural aggregate due to construction, artificially
manufactured aggregate and some industrial waste materials can be used as alternatives. As a result for the
search of alternatives, copper slag and GGBS are considered best options available. Copper slag which is an
industrial by-product of Sterlite Industries Ltd (SIL), Kolkata, India and GGBS which as a by-product of
Duracem GGBS company, Auto Nagar, Visakhapatnam. One of the main objective of this thesis is to determine
the concrete strength of M25 Grade by partial replacement of sand from 0% to 40% and cement from 0% to
20% with copper slag and GGBS. The other objective is to reduce the cost of construction but also helps to
reduce the impact on environment by consuming the material generally considered as waste product.
R R Chavan et.al [1] investigated on the effect of using copper slag as a replacement of fine aggregate
on the strength properties. In this study, M25 grade concrete was used and tests were conducted for various
proportions of copper slag replacement with sand of 0 to 100% in concrete. It concluded that the maximum
compressive strength of concrete increased by 55% at 40% replacement of fine aggregate by copper slag and
flexural strength of concrete at 28 days is increased by 14%. Arivalagan [2] investigated to explore the
possibility of using copper slag as a replacement of sand in concrete mixtures in various percentages ranging
from 0%, 20%, 40% 60%, 80% and 100%. It was observed that, the flexural strength of concrete at 28 days is
higher than design mix (without replacement) for 40% replacement of fine aggregate by Copper slag. Atul et al
[3] observed that 7 days, 14 days and 28 days compressive strength on 30% replacement of cement reduces
about 30% that is from 21.03 N/mm2
to 15.40N/mm2
, 23.70 N/mm2
to 16.74 N/mm2
and 26.9 N/mm2
to 18.81
N/mm2
respectively and finally concluded that as the % of BFSP increase, the strength tends to decrease.
Brinda. D et al [4] investigated on various corrosion and durability tests on concrete containing copper slag as
partial replacement of sand and cement. In this paper, M20 grade concrete was used and the tests were
conducted for various proportions of copper slag replacement with sand of 0% to 60%, cement 0% to 20% and
combination. The results of compressive, split tensile strength test have indicated that the strength of concrete
2. The Behaviour of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Copper…
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12335156 www.iosrjournals.org 52 | Page
increases with respect to the percentage of slag added by weight of fine aggregate up to 40% of additions of
15% of cement. Water permeability in concrete reduced up to 40% replacement of copper slag with that of sand.
Venu Malagavelli et al [5] investigation on characteristics of M30 concrete with partial replacement of cement
with GGBS and sand with the ROBO sand. The cubes and cylinders are tested for both compressive and tensile
strengths. He finally concluded that by the partial replacement of cement with GGBS and sand with ROBO
sand helped in improving the strength of the concrete substantially compared to normal mix concrete.
1.1 Objectives of the study
The work reported in this study, Copper slag & GGBS are used as a sand & cement as partial
replacement of material in concrete mix. Optimal dosage range of this Copper slag & GGBs are chosen based on
concrete mix studies .The ultimate focus of this work is to ascertain the performance of concrete mix containing
Copper slag & GGBS and compare it with the controlled concrete mix. This is expected to provide:-
To partially replace sand with Copper slag and cement GGBS in concrete as it directly influences economy
in construction.
To design and proportion the concrete mix for M25 grade concrete, As per the recommendation of
IS:10262:2009.
To find the Volume proportions of the concrete mixes by partially replacing Sand with Copper slag and
cement GGBS in one phase.
To check the variation of Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength results by
partial replacing the sand 0% to 40% with Copper Slag and the cement 0% to 20% with GGBS compared
with controlled concrete and plotting the corresponding graphs separately in another phase.
Environmental friendly disposal of waste copper and steel slag.
II. Experimental Programme
2.1 Materials Used
2.1.1 Cement: Ordinary Portland cement of grade 53 is used for this experimental work.
2.1.2 Fine aggregate: The material which passes through BIS test sieve number 4 (4.75mm) is termed as fine
aggregate usually natural sand is used as a fine aggregate at places where natural sand is not available crushed
stone is used as fine aggregates. In our region fine aggregate can be found from bed of Krishna River. It
conforms to IS 383 1970 comes under zone II.
2.1.3 Coarse aggregate: The material which is retained on BIS test sieve number 4 (4.75mm) is termed as
coarse aggregate. The broken stone is generally used as a stone aggregate. Coarse aggregate used is locally
available crushed angular aggregate of size 20mm and 10mm are used for this experimental work.
2.1.4 Copper slag: Copper slag is an industrial by-product material produced from the process of manufacturing
copper. Copper slag used in this work was brought from Sterlite Industries Ltd (SIL), Kolkata, India.
2.1.5 Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag: GGBS is a waste industrial by-product from the blast furnaces
used to make iron. GGBS used in this work was brought from Duracem GGBS company, Auto Nagar,
Visakhapatnam. The physical properties are given in table I & II.
Table I: Physical properties of Copper slag & Natural sand
Physical Properties Copper slag Natural sand
Appearance Black & glassy Grainy& white
Type Air cooled Air cooled
Specific gravity 3.91 2.5 to 2.8
Percentage of voids 43 47.8
Bulk density g/cc 2.08 2.7
Fineness modulus 3.47 2.65
Water absorption % 0.15 to 0.20 2.3
Moisture content 0.1 1.3
Table II: Physical properties of GGBS & Cement
Physical Properties GGBS Cement
Colour White White & Grey
Water Absorption% 0.75 4.35
Specific Gravity 2.77 3.13
Fineness 3% 2%
3. The Behaviour of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Copper…
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12335156 www.iosrjournals.org 53 | Page
2.2 Mix Design
The mix proportion chosen for this study is M25 grade (1:1.3:2.95) with water-cement ratio of 0.45. In
this test total 45 Cubes of standard size 150x150x150mm and 45 Cylinders of standard diameter 150mm and
height 300mm and 45 Prisms of size 500x100x100mm were casted and cured for 7,14 and 28 days and tested as
per code IS: 516-1959. The mix proportion chosen for this study is given in Table III.
Table III: Mix proportion (Kg/m3
) and mix ratio
Water Cement Fine
Aggregate
Coarse Aggregate
(60% + 40%)
191.6 425.77 534.73 1254.5
(752.7 + 508.8)
0.45 1 1.3 2.95
III. Tests And Results
The different tests conducted in laboratories are shown below. It consist mixing of concrete in the
laboratory by replacing Copper Slag as fine aggregate with proportions (by weight) of Copper Slag added to
concrete mixtures were as follows: 0% (for the control mix), 10%, 20%, 30% & 40% and GGBS as Cement
with proportions (by weight) of GGBS added to concrete mixtures were as follows: 0% (for the control mix),
5%, 10%, 15% & 20% Concrete samples were prepared and cured in the laboratory, and are tested, to evaluate
the concrete fresh and harden properties like compressive strength, Split tensile strength and flexural strength
requirements.
3.1 Slump cone test: Slump cone test was conducted to determine the workability of concrete.
Table IV: Workability in terms of Slump Cone test
Grade
of concrete
Percentage of copper slag & GGBS
added
SLUMP
M25
0 51
10 & 5 53
20 & 10 54
30 & 15 56
40 & 20 52
Fig-1: Variation of Slump
From Fig 1, The variation of slump for the partial replacement of Fine aggregate with copper slag and
Cement with GGBS increased in the order of 51, 53, 54 and 56 mm for 0%(CS & GGBS), 10%CS &
5%GGBS, 20%CS & 10%GGBS, 30%CS & 15%GGBS proportions and decreased by 52 mm for 40%CS
& 20%GGBS proportions replacements respectively.
4. The Behaviour of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Copper…
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12335156 www.iosrjournals.org 54 | Page
3.2 Compaction factor test: Compaction factor test was conducted to determine the workability of concrete
Table V: Workability in terms of Compaction factor test
Grade
of concrete
Percentage of copper slag & GGBS
added
Compaction Factor
M25
0 0.88
10 & 5 0.89
20 & 10 0.91
30 & 15 0.90
40 & 20 0.90
Fig 2: Variation of Compaction factor.
From Fig.2, The variation of compaction factor for the partial replacement of Fine aggregate with
copper slag and Cement with GGBS increased in the order of 0.88, 0.89, 0.91, and 0.90 for 0%(CS & GGBS),
10%CS & 5%GGBS, 20%CS & 10%GGBS and 30%CS & 15%GGBS proportions and same by 0.90 for
40%CS & 20%GGBS proportions replacements respectively.
1.3 Compressive strength test
Table VI: Compressive strength with different replacement percentages of Copper slag and GGBS
% of copper slag & GGBS
replacement
7 days 14 days 28 days
0 19.06 25.6 31.36
10 & 5 20.10 26.4 32.53
20 & 10 21.30 27.3 33.41
30 & 15 22.41 28.1 34.33
40 & 20 19.80 26.06 32.02
Fig 3: Compressive strength of concrete by partial replacing sand and cement with copper slag and GGBS
5. The Behaviour of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Copper…
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12335156 www.iosrjournals.org 55 | Page
From Fig.3, The compressive strength of concrete is increases by 9% with partial replacement of 30%CS &
15%GGBS in Fine aggregate & Cement, while compared with control Specimen.
The compressive strength of concrete for the partial replacement of Fine aggregate with copper slag and
Cement with GGBS increased in the order of 0%, 3.59%, 6.10%, 8.65% for 0%CS & GGBS, 10%CS &
5%GGBS, 20%CS & 10%GGBS, 30%CS & 15%GGBS proportions and decreased by 2.0% for 40%CS &
20%GGBS proportions replacements respectively.
However compressive strength of concrete for the partial replacement of Fine aggregate with copper slag
and Cement with GGBS for 40%CS & 20%GGBS does not decreased by control mix (0% CS &GGBS).
3.3 Split tensile strength test
Table VI: Split tensile strength with different replacement percentages of Copper slag and GGBS
% of copper slag & GGBS
replacement
7 days 14 days 28 days
0 2.18 2.56 3.51
10 & 5 2.30 2.68 3.56
20 & 10 2.41 2.74 3.67
30 & 15 2.48 2.82 3.72
40 & 20 2.25 2.58 3.53
Fig 4: Split tensile strength of concrete by partial replacing sand and cement with copper slag and GGBS
From Fig.4, The Split tensile strength of concrete is increases by 4% with partial replacement of 30%CS &
15%GGBS in Fine aggregate & Cement, while compared with control Specimen.
The Split tensile strength of concrete for the partial replacement of Fine aggregate with copper slag and
Cement with GGBS increased in the order of 0%, 1.52%, 4.47%, 5.75% for 0%CS & GGBS, 10%CS &
5%GGBS, 20%CS & 10%GGBS, 30%CS & 15%GGBS proportions and decreased by 0.8% for 40%CS &
20%GGBS proportions replacements respectively.
However Split tensile strength of concrete for the partial replacement of Fine aggregate with copper slag
and Cement with GGBS for 40%CS & 20%GGBS does not decreased by control mix (0% CS &GGBS).
3.4 Flexural strength test
Table VII: Flexural strength with different replacement percentages of Copper slag and GGBS
% of copper slag & GGBS
replacement
7 days 14 days 28 days
0 4.21 4.93 6.09
10 & 5 4.38 5.11 6.21
20 & 10 4.44 5.16 6.34
30 & 15 4.52 5.25 6.42
40 & 20 4.36 4.94 6.29
6. The Behaviour of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Copper…
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12335156 www.iosrjournals.org 56 | Page
Fig 5: Flexural strength of concrete by partial replacing sand and cement with copper slag and GGBS
From Fig.5, The Flexure strength of concrete is increases by 5.14% with partial replacement of 30%CS &
15%GGBS in Fine aggregate & Cement, while compared with control Specimen.
The Flexure strength concrete for the partial replacement of Fine aggregate with copper slag and Cement
with GGBS increased in the order of 0%, 2.0%, 3.9%, 5.1% for 0%CS & GGBS, 10%CS & 5%GGBS,
20%CS & 10%GGBS, 30%CS & 15%GGBS proportions and decreased by 3.28% for 40%CS &
20%GGBS proportions replacements respectively.
However Flexure strength of concrete for the partial replacement of Fine aggregate with copper slag and
Cement with GGBS for 40%CS & 20%GGBS does not decreased by control mix (0% CS &GGBS)
IV. Conclusions
1. The compressive strength for partial replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag increased in the order
of 13.3%, 5.03%, 3.39% & 2.03% for 10%, 20%, 30% & 40% partial replacements respectively and
decreased by 11% for 50% partial replacement with respect to control specimen.
2. The split tensile strength for partial replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag increased in the order of
9.06%, 4.43%, 3.35% & 3.32% for 10%, 20%, 30% & 40% partial replacements respectively and decreased
by 9.25% for 50% partial replacement with respect to control specimen.
3. The compressive strength for partial replacement of cement with GGBS decreased in the order of 1.4%,
2.13%, 1.18% & 2% for 5%, 10%, 15% & 20% partial replacements respectively with respect to control
specimen.
4. The split tensile strength for partial replacement of cement with GGBS decreased in the order of 1.42%,
4.05%, 3.9% & 2.9% for 5%, 10%, 15% & 20% partial replacements respectively with respect to control
specimen.
5. The compressive strength for partial replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag & cement with GGBS
increased in the order of 3.59%, 6.10% and 8.65% for10%CS & 5%GGBS, 20%CS & 10%GGBS and
30%CS & 15%GGBS partial replacements respectively and decreased by 2% for 40%CS & 20%GGBS
partial replacement with respect to control specimen.
6. The split tensile strength for partial replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag & cement with GGBS
increased in the order of 1.52%, 4.47% and 5.75% for 10%CS & 5%GGBS, 20%CS & 10%GGBS and
30%CS & 15%GGBS partial replacements respectively and decreased by 0.8% for 40%CS & 20%GGBS
partial replacement with respect to control specimen.
7. The flexural strength for partial replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag & cement with GGBS
increased in the order of 2%, 3.9% and 5.10% for 10%CS & 5%GGBS, 20%CS & 10%GGBS and 30%CS
& 15%GGBS partial replacements respectively and decreased by 3.28% for 40%CS & 20%GGBS partial
replacement with respect to control specimen.
References
[1]. R R Chavan & D B Kulkarni, Performance of copper slag on strength properties as partial replace of fine aggregate in concrete Mix
Design, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Volume 1 No.4 (2011).
[2]. Arivalagan.S, Experimental Study on the Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams as Replacement of Copper Slag as Fine
Aggregate, Journal Of Civil Engineering And Urbanism Volume 3 (2013).
[3]. Atul Dubey, Dr.R.Chandak, Prof. R.K. Yadav, “Effect of blast furnace slag powder on compressive strength of concrete”
International Journal of Science & Engineering Research ISSN: 2229- 5518 Vol. 3, Issue. 8, August 2012.
[4]. Brindha.D and Nagan.S, Durability studies on copper slag admixed concrete, Asian journal of civil engineering (Building and
Housing) VOL. 12, NO. 5, pages 563-578(2011).
[5]. Venu Malagavelli and P.N. Rao, “High performance concrete with GGBS and ROBO SAND ” International Journal of Science and
Technology VOL. 2(10) 2010, 5107-5113.