Cytokines are proteins involved in cell signaling and communication that are important in immune responses and inflammation. They are produced by immune cells and modulate processes like immune cell development, activation of lymphocytes and phagocytes, and the inflammatory response. Cytokines play roles in diseases like cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, and tuberculosis by influencing processes such as immune cell recruitment and activation, tissue damage, and granuloma formation. Their levels can provide information about disease activity and progression in some conditions.