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7-Intestinal Diseases in neonatal ruminants
1- Prtozoal Diseases
A-Cryptosporidiosis
‫ا‬
.
‫د‬
‫عطية‬ ‫حامد‬
‫الحيوان‬ ‫طب‬ ‫استاذ‬
–
‫البيطرى‬ ‫الطب‬ ‫كلية‬
‫الزقازيق‬ ‫جامعة‬
-
‫مصر‬
‫الخبربالرياض‬ ‫اوميجا‬ ‫بمؤسسة‬ ‫الفنى‬ ‫المستشار‬
‫البيطرية‬ ‫لألدوية‬
7
-
‫الوالدة‬ ‫حديث‬ ‫المجترات‬ ‫فى‬ ‫االمعاء‬ ‫أمراض‬
‫أ‬
-
‫البروتوزوا‬ ‫أمراض‬
1
-
‫الكريبتوسبوريديا‬
1
-
‫لالسهال‬ ‫العامة‬ ‫المسببات‬
1-Nutrional Causes
• (1)Lake of colostrum
• (2)Drinking excessive amount of milk at too long
intervals.
• (3) Overeating
• (4) Sudden change from whole milk to milk replaces.
• (5) Poor quality colostrum.
• (6) Plant or fungal toxins.
2-Infectious agent
1.Viral infections
2.Bacterial
3.Parasitic
3-Environment Stress
• Weaning, transport,, dehorning.
• Dampness & overcrowding.
• Fatigue due transportation.
• Depletion due nutritional def.
Protection of calf for
one day
Give you Protection for
one month
Protection of calf for
one month
Protection of calf
for one Year
Give you
Important Notes
Deaths in calves
Up to one Month
75%
One M to One Year
25%
‫بالتفصيل‬ ‫المسببات‬
I-Infectious diarrhea Calf Ages
A-Bacterial Causes:
E. coli <5 da
C. perfringens B, C 5-30 da
Salmonella >15 da
1-Infectious calf diarrhea
‫المعدى‬ ‫االسهال‬
2-Viral Causes:
Rotavirus& Corona Virus 5-15 days
BVD >30 days
3-Protozoal Causes:
Cryptosporidia 5-30 da
Coccidia >15 da
‫اصابة‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫اعلى‬
‫بالكريبتوسبوروديا‬
(
38
)%
‫بالمرض‬ ‫التعريف‬
A-Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidium parvum, commonly referred
to as Crypto, is a protozoan (a one-celled
organism) that causes diarrhea in calves (as
well as other mammals).
 This extracytoplasmic organism invades
enterocytes (cells that line the intestines) in the
distal small intestine and large intestine;
‫للمرض‬ ‫الرئيسى‬ ‫المسبب‬
CAUSES
Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most
common causes of calf scour .
Four cryptosporidium species are
capable of infecting cattle, but the
main disease-causing species is
C.parvum.
‫العدوى‬ ‫طرق‬
Where do calves get
cryptosporidium from?
Large numbers of eggs are shed in the
faeces of infected calves and cows, which
contaminate the environment.
 Ingesting food contaminated with eggs or
water infects calves.
Time of infestation in calves & Lambs
Calves usually become infected shortly after
birth and develop scour at around 5–7 days
old.
Concurrent infections
‫المصاحبة‬ ‫العدوى‬
With other enteric pathogens, especially :
rotavirus .
 coronavirus.
Epidemiologic studies suggest that diarrhea is more
severe in mixed infections.
Case fatality rates in
cryptosporidiosis
‫النفوق‬ ‫حاالت‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫أسباب‬
Are generally low unless the condition is complicated by
other factors:
Concurrent infections ‫المصاحبة‬ ‫العدوى‬
 Energy deficits from inadequate intake of colostrum and
milk. ‫المناعة‬ ‫ضعف‬ ‫الى‬ ‫يؤدوى‬ ‫الطاقة‬ ‫نقص‬
 Chilling from adverse weather conditions). ‫الشديد‬ ‫البرد‬
‫الطفيل‬ ‫حياة‬ ‫دورة‬
‫المعدى‬ ‫الطور‬
‫دورة‬
‫حياة‬
‫الطفيل‬
Life cycle
Eggs can be found in bedding, soil and water
and on pasture.
 Infected calves shed up to 1 million eggs per
gram of feces and it takes only a small
fraction of this number to cause disease.

‫بيضة‬ ‫مليون‬ ‫على‬ ‫يحتوى‬ ‫الروث‬ ‫من‬ ‫جرام‬ ‫كل‬
Cryptosporidium life cycle
Once ingested, the parasite attaches to the gut wall
and multiplies.
This causes damage that reduces the calf’s ability
to digest food, resulting in watery scour.
 While attached to the gut wall, the parasite
produces eggs.
 These are infectious and can either reinfect the calf
or be shed into the environment via the infected
calf’s scour.
‫األعراض‬
Symptoms
A mild to moderate diarrhea that persists for
several days regardless of treatment.
 ‫العالج‬ ‫عن‬ ‫النظر‬ ‫بغض‬ ‫أيام‬ ‫لعدة‬ ‫يستمر‬ ‫متوسط‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫خفيف‬ ‫إسهال‬
.
Feces are yellow or pale, watery, and
contain mucus.
 ‫مخاط‬ ‫على‬ ‫ويحتوي‬ ‫ومائي‬ ‫شاحب‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أصفر‬ ‫البراز‬
.
‫االعراض؟‬ ‫تبدأ‬ ‫متى‬

‫يبدأ‬
‫اإلسهال‬
‫عادة‬
‫في‬
‫حوالي‬
3
-
4
‫أيام‬
‫بعد‬
‫تناول‬
‫البويضات‬
‫المعدية‬
‫ويستمر‬
‫لمدة‬
1
-
2
‫أسبوع‬
‫ا‬‫تقريب‬
.

‫يحدث‬
‫تساقط‬
‫البويضات‬
‫بين‬
4
‫و‬
12
‫ا‬‫يوم‬
‫بعد‬
‫اإلصابة‬
،
‫على‬
‫الرغم‬
‫من‬
‫أن‬
‫هذا‬
‫قد‬
‫يختلف‬
‫ا‬‫اعتماد‬
‫على‬
‫جرعة‬
‫التحدي‬
‫األولية‬
.
‫االسهال‬ ‫توابع‬
The persistent diarrhea may result in marked weight loss
and emaciation.
 In most cases, the diarrhea is self-limiting after several
days.
Varying degrees of apathy, anorexia, and dehydration
are present.

‫تعتمد‬
‫االعراض‬
‫على‬
‫حسب‬
‫درجة‬
‫المناعة‬
‫عن‬
‫المولود‬
‫التشخيص‬
Diagnosis

‫األعراض‬

‫الفحص‬
‫المعملى‬
(
‫طريقة‬
‫التركيز‬
‫واستخدام‬
‫صبغة‬
‫الزيل‬
‫نلسون‬
)
.

‫البى‬
‫سى‬
‫آر‬
(Polymerase chain reaction)

‫اختبار‬
‫حقلى‬
‫للكشف‬
‫عن‬
‫وجود‬
‫االنتيجين‬
.
(Stripes for detection of type of infectious causes
Diagnosis

‫يتم‬
‫إجراء‬
‫تشخيص‬
‫داء‬
‫الكريبتوسبوريديوزيس‬
‫باستخدام‬
‫مسحات‬
‫الب‬
‫راز‬
‫المصبوغه‬
‫بصبغة‬
‫زيل‬
‫نلسن‬
‫المعدلة‬
‫أو‬
‫التعويم‬
‫فى‬
‫محلول‬
‫السكروز‬
‫أو‬
‫المقايسات‬
‫المناعية‬
‫المرتبطة‬
‫باإلنزيم‬
(
‫االليزا‬
)
.
2-Bovine Enterichek:
The test strips allow the detection of certain
microorganisms in bovine feces present in the
environment.
Microorganisms detected are:
 rotavirus
 coronavirus
 E. coli K99 (F5)
 cryptosporidium.
Stripes for detection of
type of infectious cause
The kit is designed to detect
Rotavirus,
Coronavirus,
''E. coli'' F5 (K99),
''Cryptosporidium parvum‘’
in calf stool.
Method:
The sample is diluted in the sample tube
and homogenized.
The sample tube is then inserted in the
larger tube.
All you need is 10 minutes before reading
the results.
‫التفريقى‬ ‫التشخيص‬
Differential diagnosis
1- Colibacillosis
2- Salmonellosis
3- Rota & Corona virus
4-Coccidiosis
5-Nutrional diarrhea
‫المسبب‬ ‫معرفة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫تساعد‬ ‫مميزة‬ ‫اعراض‬
•
‫اسهال‬
‫مائي‬
‫شديد‬
‫اصفرمع‬
‫نهجان‬
‫او‬
‫نته‬
‫مع‬
‫حرارة‬
‫طبيعية‬
‫في‬
‫عجول‬
‫رضيع‬
‫ة‬
‫اول‬
‫شهر‬
:
‫احتمال‬
‫كريبتوسبوريديا‬
•
‫اسهال‬
‫اول‬
‫شهر‬
‫ونهجان‬
‫وحرارة‬
‫عالية‬
:
•
‫احتمال‬
‫سالمونيال‬
‫لو‬
‫نفوق‬
‫كتير‬
‫يبقى‬
‫روتا‬
‫وكورونا‬
‫فيروس‬
•
‫اسهال‬
‫وحرارة‬
‫عالية‬
‫بدون‬
‫نهجان‬
:
•
‫احتمال‬
‫اي‬
‫كوالي‬
‫او‬
‫كلبسيال‬
‫او‬
‫شيجيال‬
‫المسبب‬
‫االسهال‬ ‫لون‬
‫فيروس‬ ‫روتا‬
‫فى‬ ‫وخاط‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ويجد‬ ‫أخضر‬ ‫الى‬ ‫بنى‬ ‫لونه‬ ‫مائى‬ ‫اسهال‬
‫االسهال‬
‫فيروس‬ ‫كرونا‬
‫جدا‬ ‫عالى‬ ‫النفوق‬ ‫ونسبة‬ ‫أصفر‬ ‫لونه‬ ‫مائى‬ ‫اسهال‬
E Coli
‫أصفر‬ ‫الى‬ ‫أبيض‬ ‫اسهال‬
‫السالمونيال‬
‫القذف‬ ‫سريع‬ ‫ويكون‬ ‫أخضر‬ ‫الى‬ ‫اصفر‬ ‫اسهال‬
‫الكلوستريديا‬
‫دم‬ ‫ووجود‬ ‫وتحزيق‬ ‫ومغص‬ ‫شديد‬ ‫اسهال‬
‫الكربتوسبوريديا‬
‫الكوكسيديا‬
‫مهضوم‬ ‫غير‬ ‫ولبن‬ ‫رغوة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫اصفر‬ ‫لونه‬ ‫اسهال‬
‫الذيل‬ ‫على‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ووجود‬ ‫مسود‬ ‫أحمر‬ ‫اسهال‬
‫لونه‬ ‫مائى‬ ‫سهال‬
‫للعالج‬ ‫العامة‬ ‫الخطوط‬
Main Line of Treatment
‫للعالج‬ ‫العامة‬ ‫الخطوط‬
There is no affective or approved treatment for
Cryptosporidiosis.‫بالكريبتوسبوريديا‬ ‫لالصابة‬ ‫حاسم‬ ‫عالج‬ ‫اليوجد‬
Supportive treatment:
Fluid therapy
Antidiarrheal drugs
Nutritional support(to give them energy ).
Antiprotozoal drug
 Strict hygiene to preventing infections.

1-Fluid therapy
R/ Saline solution
R/Ringer or lactate ringer
2-Antidiarrheal drugs
R/pectin& quolin
3-Nutritional support
R/ Dextrose 5% or 10% (to give them energy ).
 R/Probiotics
R/Multivitamin
4-Antiprotozoal drug
1-R/Halocur:(Halofuginone Base- 0.5g/L).
controls crypto by breaking the life cycle and
substantially reducing the number of oocysts
produced.
oral product (given at two cc per 10 kg daily).

‫المعدى‬ ‫الطور‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫ويقلل‬ ‫الحياة‬ ‫دورة‬ ‫يقطع‬ ‫الدواء‬

‫الجرعة‬
:
2
‫لكل‬ ‫مل‬
10
‫الفم‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫يعطى‬ ‫الحيوان‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫من‬ ‫كيلو‬
.
Halocur:(Halofuginone Base
Dosage (2ml/10 kg) ‫للوقاية‬
For oral administration to calves after feeding.
For 7 consecutive days.

‫يعطى‬
‫بعد‬
‫رضعة‬
‫السرسوب‬
‫او‬
‫اللبن‬

‫اليعطى‬
‫فى‬
‫حاالت‬
‫الجفاف‬

‫يعطى‬
‫العالج‬
‫لمدة‬
7
‫أيام‬
‫حسب‬
‫تعليمات‬
‫الشركة‬
‫المنتجة‬
‫للدواء‬
.
unlike decoquinate, halofuginone significantly reduced the excretion of
oocysts on day 7.
‫ملحوظة‬
:
decoquinate: (brand name: Deccox®) :
is an antiparasitic medication used to prevent coccidia infections
‫الكريبتوسبوريديا‬ ‫لعالج‬ ‫تجريبى‬ ‫بحث‬
‫ايزوثيرومايسين‬
1500
‫لمدة‬ ‫الفم‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫يوميا‬ ‫مصاب‬ ‫عجل‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫ملجم‬
7
‫ايام‬
‫كوتريموزاول‬
30
‫لمدة‬ ‫جرام‬ ‫كيلو‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫ملجرام‬
7
‫ايام‬
‫السوداء‬ ‫الحبة‬
(
‫البركة‬ ‫حبة‬
-
‫األسود‬ ‫القمون‬
)
‫مطحون‬
750
‫لمدة‬ ‫جرام‬ ‫كيلو‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫ملجم‬
7
‫ايام‬
Medications used in human
‫بشرى‬ ‫أدوية‬
‫االنسان‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الكريبتوسبوريديا‬ ‫لعالج‬ ‫تسخدم‬ ‫أدوية‬
:
such as:
R/Nitazoxanide (Alinia) . ‫نيتازوكسانيد‬
R/Azithromycin (Zithromax) ‫زيثرومايسين‬
R/Spiramycine ‫سباراميسين‬
R/Furoxone (furazolidone) ‫فورازوليدون‬
R/Sulfa & Trimethoprim. ‫ترايميثوبريم‬ ‫مع‬ ‫سلفا‬
‫العالجية‬ ‫الوقاية‬
For the prevention of diarrhea caused by
Cryptosporidium parvum, treatment should
be commenced within 24 – 48 hours post-
birth.

‫يجب‬
‫اعطاء‬
‫مضادات‬
‫الكريبتوسبوريديا‬
‫للحمالن‬
‫والعجول‬
‫الرضيعة‬
‫بعد‬
‫الوالدة‬
‫ب‬
24
-
48
‫ساعة‬
‫للوقاية‬
‫من‬
‫االصابة‬
.
‫للوقاية‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫أدوية‬
R/Decoquinte (Deccox®)
 R/Monensin sodium (Bovatec®)
May be useful in the control of Cryptosporodosis.
‫المرض‬ ‫فى‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫وسائل‬
Control of cryptosporidiosis
Environmental control
Animal control
1-Environmental control
‫بالحيوانات‬ ‫المحيط‬ ‫الوسط‬ ‫فى‬ ‫التحكم‬
Cleaning and disinfection are crucial to controlling
the spread of cryptosporidiosis.
Use disinfectant at the entrance to the calf shed

‫المحافظة‬
‫على‬
‫نظافة‬
‫وتطهير‬
‫المكان‬
‫باستمرار‬

‫استخدام‬
‫مطهرات‬
‫فى‬
‫مدخل‬
‫المزرعة‬
‫والعجول‬
‫الرضيعة‬
Ammonia and formalin
‫مطهرات‬
R/ Ammonium hydroxide. ‫االمونيوم‬ ‫هيدروكسيد‬
Or R/ hydrogen peroxide
Or /chlorine dioxide
 Or R/10% formol saline ‫فورمالين‬
10
%
Or/ R/5% ammonia ‫أمونيا‬
5
%
 Are effective in destroying oocyst infectivity.
 Infectivity in calf feces is reduced after 1–4 days of drying.
‫الحى‬ ‫الجير‬
Use lime to help keep bedding dry
Rodent and fly control should be in place, with all
feed and grain stored in covered areas, away from
rodents and pets.

‫الجين‬ ‫اسنتخدام‬ ‫يمكنن‬ ‫الشتاء‬ ‫فصل‬ ‫فى‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫جافة‬ ‫أرضية‬ ‫على‬ ‫للمحافظة‬
‫الحني‬ ‫ر‬
‫للفرشة‬

‫الغذاء‬ ‫مستودع‬ ‫فى‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫بالمزرعة‬ ‫والقوارض‬ ‫الحشرات‬ ‫على‬ ‫القضاء‬
2-Animal control
‫للحيوان‬ ‫بالنسبة‬
Vaccinate pregnant dams against rotavirus, coronavirus and E.
coli, thereby reducing scours caused by these pathogens
Do not mix older calves with young calves because older calves
may still shed eggs
Keep all calves warm and hydrated, particularly if they are
scouring.

‫تحصين‬
‫االمهات‬
‫بلقاح‬
‫الروتا‬
‫والكورونا‬
‫واألي‬
‫كوالى‬
‫يقلل‬
‫من‬
‫االصابة‬
(
‫سكور‬
‫جارد‬
-
‫روتافيك‬
)

‫عدم‬
‫خلط‬
‫االعمار‬
‫المختلفة‬
(
‫الكبيرة‬
‫مع‬
‫الصغيرة‬
)
.

‫المحافظة‬
‫على‬
‫العجول‬
‫نظيفة‬
‫وتوفير‬
‫المياة‬
‫السرسوب‬
Hyperimmune bovine colostrum can reduce the
severity of diarrhea and the period of oocyst
excretion in experimentally infected calves.

‫يمكن‬
‫أن‬
‫يقلل‬
‫اللبأ‬
‫البقري‬
‫المفرط‬
‫المناعة‬
‫من‬
‫شدة‬
‫اإلسهال‬
‫وفترة‬
‫إفراز‬
‫البويضة‬
‫في‬
‫العجول‬
‫المصابة‬
‫تجريبيا‬
.
‫تابع‬
Isolate scouring calves from healthy calves.
 Do not mix scouring calves with healthy calves for
at least one week after scouring has stopped.
Feed and deal with healthy calves before sick ones
Make sure you follow the 3 Qs of colostrum feeding

‫عزل‬
‫الحيوانات‬
‫المريضة‬
‫عن‬
‫الحيوانات‬
‫السليمة‬

‫البدء‬
‫بارضاع‬
‫الحيوانات‬
‫السليمة‬
‫اوال‬
‫ثم‬
‫الحيوانات‬
‫المريضة‬

‫التأكد‬
‫من‬
‫رضاعة‬
‫السرسوب‬
Key points
‫المحاضرة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫ذكرت‬ ‫التى‬ ‫النقاط‬ ‫الهم‬ ‫ملخص‬
Cryptosporidiosis is a gastrointestinal parasitic
disease of vertebrate animals and people.
The disease is noteworthy in young ruminants, in
which it causes mild to severe diarrhea and
retarded growth.
 Cryptosporidium oocysts can be detected in Ziehl-
Neelsen–stained fecal smears of infected animals.
Key points
No fully-effective therapeutic drugs exist, but fluid
and electrolyte replacement, as well as nutritional
support, are indicated.
 Control involves strict hygiene to eliminate or
reduce contamination of the environment by
Cryptosporidium oocysts.
‫االسئلة‬ ‫على‬ ‫االجابة‬

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