Abomasal displacement in cows prof. Dr Hamed Attia

1. 6- Abomasal displacement
in Cows
‫االبقار‬ ‫فى‬ ‫المنفحة‬ ‫انزياح‬

2. ‫ا‬
.
‫د‬
‫عطية‬ ‫حامد‬
‫الحيوان‬ ‫طب‬ ‫استاذ‬
–
‫البيطرى‬ ‫الطب‬ ‫كلية‬
‫الزقازيق‬ ‫جامعة‬
-
‫مصر‬
‫الخبربالرياض‬ ‫اوميجا‬ ‫بمؤسسة‬ ‫الفنى‬ ‫المستشار‬
‫البيطرية‬ ‫لألدوية‬
6
-
‫االبقار‬ ‫فى‬ ‫المنفحة‬ ‫انزياح‬
6- Abomasal displacement
in Cattle & buffaloes

3. Post Calving Metabolic
Problems
‫الوالدة‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫الغذائى‬ ‫التمثيل‬ ‫مشاكل‬
‫األبقار‬ ‫فى‬

4. Post Metabolic Problems
Primary Metabolic
• Hypocalcaemia
• Hypomagnesaemia
• Post-Parturient
Haemoglobinuria
• Acetonaemia
• Fatty Liver Syndrome
Secondary Metabolic
• Displaced Abomasum
• Retained Membranes
• Lactic Acidosis

5. Blood Alkalosis
‫اآلتية‬ ‫الحاالت‬ ‫فى‬ ‫تحدث‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫قلوية‬
• Abomasal displacement or volvulus
• Cecal displacement or torsion
• Vagal indigestion

6. Blood Acidosis
‫اآلتية‬ ‫الحاالت‬ ‫فى‬ ‫تحث‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫حموضة‬
• Rumen impaction(Acidosis).
• Enteritis and diarrhea
• Urinary tract affection
• Small intestine strangulation or obstruction

7. What is happening to the cow post calving?
• Milk production increases quicker than
appetite
• Cows lose weight
• Cows adjusting to new diet
• Stress levels increase
• Combating Infection

8. Abomasum
‫المنفحة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عامة‬ ‫فكرة‬
• True Stomach
• Site of gastric juice production
• Site of protein digestion and amino acid absorption
• Breakdown to peptides
and amino acids by the enzyme.

9. Disease of Abomasum
‫المنفحة‬ ‫أمراض‬
• Abomasal disorders include:
• 1-left displaced abomasum, right displaced abomasum,
Abomasal volvulus.
• 2-Abomasal ulceration.
• 3-abmasal Impaction.

10. Displaced Abomasums
‫المنفحة‬ ‫انزياح‬ ‫أنواع‬
• Left displaced abomasum (LDA) is most common in early
lactation
• Right displaced abomasum (RDA) occurs throughout
lactation
• Right torsion of the abomasum (RTA)

11. History of DA
• Age: older lactating dairy cattle
• Timing: 80% occur during first month after parturition.
• Nutrition:
• Dry cow rations: inadequate fiber
• Fresh cow: excess carbohydrates/ inadequate fiber
◼Concurrent disease:
40% of DA’s have retained placenta, mastitis, or metritis

12. Risk Factors for LDA
• High-production Dairy Cows
• High concentrate, low roughage diet
• Large body size
• Limited exercise
• Post-partum
• Abomasal atony

13. Predisposing Factors
• Hypocalcaemia
• Inadequate effective fiber
• VFA’s reach abomasum => abomasal hypomotility => HCl
refluxes back into rumen => systemic metabolic alkalosis
• Endotoxemia
• Released during mastitis/metritis

14. Main causes of LDA
• 1. Calving:
• The majority of cases occur soon after calving.
• During pregnancy the uterus displaces the
abomasum, so that after calving the abomasum has to
move back to its normal position, increasing the risk of
displacement.

15. Main causes of LDA
• 2-Atony of the abomasum:
• If the abomasum stops contracting and turning over
its contents (e.g. because of disease), accumulation of
gas will occur and the abomasum will tend to move up
the abdomen.

16. Why does the abomasum displace?
(1) Abomasal atony
(2) Increased abomasal gas production
(1) + (2) => abomasum moves (LDA,RDA)
Normal position of abomasum Left displacement

17. why did LAD happen?"
• Anything that causes the cow to go "off-feed" could result in a
LDA.
"off-feed" include:
• metritis
• mastitis
• milk fever (periparturient hypocalcemia)
• nutritional
• lameness
• any other systemic illnesses.

18. VFA
pH
Abomasal atony
Growth Rate
(all Bacteria)
Fermentable CHO

19. Taken from “Digestive Physiology of Herbivores”
http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/herbivores/

20. Clinical Signs of DA’s
• Partial anorexia (“off feed”)
• Hypogalactia (“down in milk” ~ 5-10 lb/day)
• Depression
• Secondary ketosis
• mild to moderate
• Scant stool
• firm/loose
• undigested particles

21. Clinical Signs (continued)
• LDA: Ping & Splash
• Ascult and percuss
• Ping high pitched
• Ballottement for splash of fluid
• All pings are not created equal –
rumen ping

22. ‫مكان‬
‫وضع‬
‫السماعة‬
‫من‬
‫جهة‬
‫اليسار‬
:
In an area between ribs 9 and 13
in the middle to upper third of the left abdomen.
‫مكان‬
‫وضع‬
‫السماعة‬
‫من‬
‫جهة‬
‫اليمين‬
:
In the area between ribs 10 and 13 on
the right abdomen

23. Displacing
Abomasum
In Action

25. ‫اليمين‬ ‫جهة‬ ‫المنحة‬ ‫انزياح‬

26. A typical area of ping outlined in a cow with an LDA

27. ‫فيه‬ ‫النقر‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫الذى‬ ‫المكان‬
‫المعدنى‬ ‫الصوت‬ ‫لسماع‬

28. Ping sound(Metallic Sound)
‫المعدنى‬ ‫الصوت‬

29. Pathogenesis
• Mild metabolic alkalosis with hypochloremia and
hypokalemia is common.
• The hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis is due to
abomasal hypomotility, continued secretion of
HCLinto the abomasum, and sequestration of
chloride into the rumen

30. Pathogenesis
Hypokalemia :
is due to :
• Decreased intake of feeds high in potassium
• Sequestration of potassium in the abomasum
• Dehydration.

31. Diagnosis
1- History of recent
parturition.
2- Clinical signs (Ping
sound).
3- Clinical pathology.

32. Clinical Pathology
• Normal CBC
• Metabolic alkalosis(slight)
• Hypo
• Ca
• K
• Cl
• Ketosis (mild)
• Dehydration
• Hypoglycemia (maybe)
• Hyperbilirubinemia
3-Clinical pathology

33. Differential Diagnosis
• LDA :
• Ketosis (non-pinging LDA)
• Rumen ping
• RDA:
• Ketosis (non-pinging RDA)
• Other Right-sided pings:
• Uterus, cecum, peritoneum, colon, rectum
• “Off feed” ping

34. Differential Diagnosis abomasl and rumen ping
• A needle aspiration can be taken at the most
ventral aspect of the ping.
• The pH (by using litmus paper)
• If the pH is low or acidic, then it is most likely a
LDA.
•

35. Differential Diagnosis abomasl and rumen ping
• If the pH is high or alkaline, then it is most likely a
rumen gas cap.
• 2-Rectal palpation can also be done to assess the
amount of gas and atony in the rumen

36. Ping s(LAD)

37. Ping RUMEN

38. Ping INTESTINE

39. ‫األعور‬ ‫فى‬ ‫غازات‬

40. ‫األعور‬ ‫فى‬ ‫اتساع‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫انتفاخ‬ ‫حالة‬
Cecal Dilatation

41. Right-sided pings

42. Treatment of Displaced Abomasum

43. Maine Line of Treatment
‫للعالج‬ ‫العامة‬ ‫الخطوط‬
• Return abomasum to proper position
• Create a permanent attachment
• Correct electrolyte, acid-base, & hydration deficits
• Treat other concurrent diseases

44. 1-Non Surgical Therapy (Rolling)
• The cow is cast and laid on her back, then rolled vigorously
to the right and the roll stopped abruptly in the hope that
the abomasum will free itself.
• Bring the cow to sternal position & allow to stand
• Auscultate the left thorax to ensure LDA is relieved
• Starvation and water restriction for 2 days before rolling
may be advisable.

45. Rolling Technique in Holstein Cow
(Dr Hamed Attia)

46. ‫والعيوب‬ ‫المزايا‬
• Advantages
• Quick & easy technique
• No invasive surgery
• Disadvantages
• >50% redisplace
• If RDA or RTA are present, can exacerbate problems
•
‫اليتم‬
‫اجراء‬
‫دوران‬
‫للحيوان‬
‫فى‬
‫حالة‬
‫انزياح‬
‫المنفحة‬
‫من‬
‫الجهة‬
‫اليمنى‬
‫او‬
‫دوارن‬
‫المنفحة‬
‫حول‬
‫نفسها‬

47. 2-Surgical correction
Left abomasal displacement

48. ◼ Anesthetize Left Flank
◼ 20 cm incision of left
paralumbar fossa
◼ Locate abomasum
◼ Place sutures in greater
curvature– simple continuous
or interlocking & tab
◼ Deflate abomasum
2-Surgical Techniques:
Left Flank Abomasopexy

49. ‫للدكتور‬ ‫الشكر‬
‫بقاعى‬ ‫قصى‬ ‫محمد‬

50. Replacement Fluids
• Hyponatremia and Hypokalemia
• Isotonic Saline, Lactated Ringer’s IV to replace
deficit
• K, Ca salts as needed to correct electrolyte
imbalances
• Free-choice oral fluids with NaCl, KCl
‫ملحوظة‬
‫مهمة‬
:
‫تعطى‬
‫المحاليل‬
‫قبل‬
‫وبعد‬
‫اجراء‬
‫العملية‬

51. Prognosis
• Medical treatment for left abomasal displacement may be
successful, especially if the diagnosis is made early.
• Prompt surgery is always required for right abomasal
displacement due to high risk for volvulus.

52. Bad prognostic indicators
• Chloride level equal to or below 79mEq/l.
• Pulse rate equal to or greater than 100.
• Base excess.
• Tachycardia and decreased temperature.
• Anion gap of equal to or over 30 mEq/l.
• Large abomasal fluid volume.
• Blue abomasal color at surgery.
• Decreased GI motility post surgery.

53. Control
• Ensure cattle are not too fat at calving (i.e. >3.5
BCS).
• Feeding large quantity of forages at late
pregnancy.
• Ensure daily exercise.
• Minimize dietary alterations near parturition.
• Decease the amount of grain and corn silage fed
prepartum, while other forages are fed ad
libitum.

54. Questions???