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Disease related to breeding bull reproductive system and its management
- 1. Reproductive Disease of bulls Dr. Bibhas Talukder, DVM, MS (VPH) Assistant Manager (Animal Health) AI Enterprise, BRAC Dairy and Food
- 3. Disease affecting bull reproductive system
- 4. Brucellosis Brucella sp. Gram Negative Bacteria Non spore forming Intracellular parasites Causes Brucellosis • Fever, anorexia, depression. • Swollen testicles in bulls (Orchitis, often associated with seminal vesiculitis and epididymitis) • Chronic orchitis and fibrosis of testicular parenchyma can lead to permanent infertility. • Infected bull semen affect on inseminated cows and can be a threat for infertility. Colonization are found at the male genital organs }
- 5. Brucellosis (Control, Prevention & Treatment) Treatment: No treatment is available. For this why, Prevention and control is important. Rose Bengal Plate Test
- 6. Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus • Family: Flaviviridae • Genus: Pestivirus • Able to cross the placenta leading to the development of persistently infected (PI) calves Causes Bovine Viral Diarrhoea •BVD can be transmitted through raw, extended or cryo-preserved semen. •Most cell types of the reproductive system is permissive to BVDV. •Persistently infected bulls can produce semen of acceptable quality, but often present with poor fertility. •Persistently infected bulls can sire normal calves (recirculation of virus in susceptible dams or viral persistence within the urogenital tract can lead to the development of PI calves). At puberty- •Formation of the blood-testis barrier •Virus can replicate within the testes and evade the immune system. •Sero-positive and non-viraemic
- 7. Transmission
- 8. Frequent loss of fluid via loose feces. Abdominal Pain and loss appetite. Symptoms Blood and mucous may be found in feces. Feces with bad odour.
- 9. Control, Prevention and Treatment All native animals should be protected. Vaccination programs (Bovilis Vaccine) 1. Sulfonamide drugs 2. Intensive fluid therapy 3. Maintain good hygiene
- 10. Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Bovine herpesvirus Causes Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Respiratory Distress Infectious pustular balanoposthitis (IPB)*** ***In semen collection yard, bull is less susceptible to IPB. Because, IPB is occurred from natural meting and the causal agent is same.
- 11. • Fever (4 – 5 days; 41 °C) • Coughing • Pink muzzle • Depression • Loss of appetite • Hyperaemia of the mucosae • Mucosal lesions • Nasal discharge • Red conjunctiva and ocular discharge • Infertility Symptoms IBR is characterized by acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract
- 12. Control, Prevention and Treatment • Infected animals should be isolated from the rest of the herd. • Bringing of new bull, health card with necessary test is important. • Vaccination if available • Treated with anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics for secondary infections if necessary.
- 13. Vibriosis (Campylobacter infection) • Vibrosis is an important infectious venereal disease of cattle. It is a cause of infertility. • Vibriosis is caused by the bacterium Campylobacter fetus • This disease is transmitted through semen. Causes •Momentarily or permanently infected. •No signs of infection. •Semen quality and breeding ability unaffected.2 •Young bulls could loose infection within 4 – 29 days, older bulls can become persistently infected (3 years).2 •Spread by venereal, contaminated bedding, semen collection.2 •Epithelial surface of the penis and prepuce (greatest concentration in the fornix and penis) *****This also causes infertility and abortion in cow. It is resulted from contaminated semen or infected bull. This is difficult to diagnosis in bulls, because there is no remarkable symptoms observed. Prepared by: Bibhas Talukder
- 14. Prevention, Control and Treatment Prepared by: Bibhas Talukder 1. Regular check up the animal. 2. Take the previous history of bull. 3. Field monitoring over inseminated cow is needed to find out the infection. Rx 1. Broad spectrum antibiotic
- 15. Trichomonas Prepared by: Bibhas Talukder •Flagellated protozoa, spindle to pear shaped. •Three anterior flagella and a posterior flagellum forming the undulating membrane. •Colonise in the secretions of the stratified squamous epithelium of the penis, prepuce and distal urethra. •No changes in semen quality. •Acute infection = scant purulent discharge for 2 weeks. •Young bulls = transient carriers and can recover. •Older bulls (> 3 years), chronic carriers. •Deepening of the crypts create a more suitable microaerophillic environment. Causes
- 16. Prepared by: Bibhas Talukder
- 17. Prevention and Treatment Prepared by: Bibhas Talukder Prevention: There is mandatory testing of all bulls when they are imported or change ownership. However frequent bull testing will control the disease, within the state. Producers are advised to work with their local veterinarians to develop a plan that works with each individual herd. It is also advisable to test bulls before breeding. RX, Antiprotozoal drug is used for correction this disease.
- 18. Leptospirosis Prepared by: Bibhas Talukder Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by bacteria of genus Leptospira. This is transmitted either directly between animals or indirectly through the environment. Leptospira sp The clinical signs of Lepto depend on the herd’s degree of resistance or immunity, the infecting serovar, and the age of the animal infected.
- 19. Symptoms Prepared by: Bibhas Talukder Symptoms are varied on Host-adapted Non Host-Adapted animals kidneys associated with long-term urinary shedding. Infections with hardjo- bovis can persist in the reproductive tract. The infertility that can result from persistent reproductive tract infections Lepto serovars occurs in calves, the result is high fever, anemia, red urine, jaundice, and sometimes death in three to five days. In older cattle, the initial symptoms such as fever and lethargy are often milder and usually go unnoticed.
- 20. Prevention and Treatment Prepared by: Bibhas Talukder • Management methods to reduce transmission include rat control, fencing cattle from potentially contaminated streams and ponds, separating cattle from pigs and wildlife, selecting replacement stock from herds. • In some cases streptomycin is added as a precautionary measure to semen from bulls held at artificial insemination centres. RX, Antibiotic therapy should be prescribed for animals with leptospirosis. Antibiotics can also eliminate persitant infections.
- 21. 1. Send all Tritrichomonas test positive bulls to slaughter. 2. Retest bulls (3 negative tests) for Tritrichomonas prior to each breeding season . 3. Test all imported bulls regardless of age (3 negative tests to enter herd). 4. Keep the average bull age as young as possible. Some experts recommend removing bulls greater than 3 years of age – others suggest that aggressive annual testing of bulls plus removal of bulls greater than 5 years of age is adequate. 5. Maintain a controlled breeding season to allow assessment of reproductive performance. Recommendations for Positive Tritrichomonas Herds:
- 22. Thank You