Coronoplasty is a procedure that reshapes teeth to eliminate occlusal interferences and establish a functional relationship favorable for the periodontium. It is indicated for trauma from occlusion on a single tooth or few teeth. The objectives are to change afferent impulses, reduce tooth mobility, and verticalize occlusal forces. The procedure involves analyzing the occlusion, determining the endpoint, selecting an occlusal scheme, and making adjustments like grooving, spheroiding, or pointing to reduce supracontacts. The goals are light contact between incisors and firm contact between posterior teeth without asymmetry or sharp sounds.
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
TYPES OF TRAUMA FROM OCCLUSION
GLICKMAN CONCEPT
WAERHAUG CONCEPT
STAGES OF TISSUE RESPONSE TO INJURY
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF TFO
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TFO
TFO AND IMPLANTS
TREATMENT OF TFO
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
TYPES OF TRAUMA FROM OCCLUSION
GLICKMAN CONCEPT
WAERHAUG CONCEPT
STAGES OF TISSUE RESPONSE TO INJURY
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF TFO
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TFO
TFO AND IMPLANTS
TREATMENT OF TFO
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES
In periodontology, classifications are widely used to categorize defects due to periodontitis according to their etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
Several classifications have been proposed in the literature in order to facilitate the diagnosis of gingival recessions.
Dental Plaque
Soft deposits that form the biofilm adhering to the tooth surface or other hard surfaces in the oral cavity, including removable & fixed restorations”
Bowen , 1976
Bacterial aggregations on the teeth or other solid oral structures
Lindhe, 2003
Biologic width - Importance in Periodontal and Restorative DentistryDr.Shraddha Kode
Biologic width plays a vital role for preservation of the periodontal health. This concept involves the dimensions of the epithelial and connective tissue attachment between the base of the sulcus and the alveolar crest which if involved can lead to gingival inflammation and gingival recession.
In periodontology, classifications are widely used to categorize defects due to periodontitis according to their etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
Several classifications have been proposed in the literature in order to facilitate the diagnosis of gingival recessions.
Dental Plaque
Soft deposits that form the biofilm adhering to the tooth surface or other hard surfaces in the oral cavity, including removable & fixed restorations”
Bowen , 1976
Bacterial aggregations on the teeth or other solid oral structures
Lindhe, 2003
Biologic width - Importance in Periodontal and Restorative DentistryDr.Shraddha Kode
Biologic width plays a vital role for preservation of the periodontal health. This concept involves the dimensions of the epithelial and connective tissue attachment between the base of the sulcus and the alveolar crest which if involved can lead to gingival inflammation and gingival recession.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITION
• INDICATIONS
• OBJECTIVES
• SEQUENCING CORONOPLASTY IN TREATMENT PLANNING
• METHODS
• CRITERIA FOR JUDGING THE OUTCOME
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
3. INTRODUCTION
• Tooth position and arch are maintained by the balance among
the forces of occlusion and oral musculature. When this
balance gets disturbed, changes in the functional
environment may be deleterious to the periodontium.
• Local environment of the periodontium is affected by the
occlusion of the teeth. One of the environmental pollutants that
have an adverse impact on periodontium is the altered occlusal
force.
4. DEFINITION
• Coronoplasty is the mechanical elimination of occlusal supra
contacts that may be present during functional movements.
• Selective reduction of occlusal areas to establish functional
relationship favorable to the Periodontium by reshaping the
teeth (grinding).
5. INDICATIONS
• TRAUMA FROM OCCLUSION: If the trauma is limited to a single
tooth or a few teeth- localized coronoplasty.
• PREVENTIVE OCCLUSAL ADJUSTMENT: the correction of what
appear to be abnormal occlusion, for the purpose of
preventing future damage – is not recommended.
6. OBJECTIVES
• Change in pattern and degree of afferent impulses
• Reducing the excessive tooth mobility
• Beneficial change in the pattern of chewing or swallowing
• Multidirectional mandibular movement patterns
• Verticalization of occlusal forces on tooth
7. SEQUENCING CORONOPLASTY IN TREATMENT
PLANNING
• Elimination of gingival inflammation and pocket depth
• Occlusal analysis
• Informed consent
8. OCCLUSAL ANALYSIS
• Diagnostic models should be made.
• Mounting of casts on an articulator using facebow transfer
• Trial adjustment of occlusion on casts.
MATERIAL USED FOR OCCLUSAL ANALYSIS
• Occlusal indicator wax
• Marking ribbon
• Articulating paper
9. METHODS
A. DETERMINING THE END POINT OF CORONOPLASTY
B. SELECTING OCCLUSAL GUIDANCE SCHEME.
1) BALANCED OCCLUSION
• The simultaneous contacting of maxillary and mandibular
teeth on right and left and in the posterior and anterior
occlusal areas in centric and eccentric positions.
• In patients with periodontal disease, molars with unilateral
non working side contact showed significantly greater
loading forces, greater mobility, bone loss and pocket depth.
10. 2) CANINE PROTECTED OCCLUSION
• During lateral mandibular movement, the opposing upper and
lower canines of the working side contact thereby causing
disclusion of all posterior teeth on working and balancing sides.
3) GROUP FUNCTION
• Multiple contact relationship b/w maxillary and mandibular teeth
in lateral movement of working side, where by simultaneous
contacts of several teeth is achieved and act as a group to
distribute forces.
• Both functional and parafunctional occlusal forces exceed those in
canine function, so it is not indicated for periodontally
compromised dentitions.
11. OCCLUSAL ADJUSTMENTS
Clinical goals
• To reduce the supra contacts so as to create unobstructed
closure of cusps into fossae and marginal ridges, while at the
same time conserving original crown structure.
The correction of occlusal supracontacts consists of
• Grooving
• Spheroiding
• Pointing
13. SEQUENCE OF CORONOPLASTY
1. Retrusive prematurities are eliminated.
2. Adjust ICP (intercuspal position) to achieve stable,
simultaneous contacts.
3. Test for excessive occlusal contact on the incisors in ICP.
4. Elimination of posterior protrusive contacts.
5. Reduce mediotrusive (balancing) prematurities
6. Laterotrusive prematurities
7. Gross occlusal disharmonies
8. Recheck contact relationship.
9. Polish all depressed surfaces to make the patient feel
14. CRITERIA FOR JUDGING THE OUTCOME
• No asymmetric shift from RCP to ICP.
• Light contact or no contact between incisor teeth and firm contact
between as many posterior teeth as possible.
• Patient perceives even bilateral contact when closing the teeth to
ICP.
• Sharp occlusal sounds when patient taps slowly and firmly into ICP.
• Molar excursive supracontacts are neutralized or significantly
reduced for unrestricted glide paths.
• Tooth guidance under and protrusive excursions is smooth and
without effort.
• The displacement of mobile teeth is minimized under closure and
15. CONCLUSION
• The main objective in occlusal therapy is to maintain or achieve
occlusal stability. The first concern in occlusal treatment planning
is whether to alter the mandibular position by coronoplasty.
• If the mandibular position is judged to be adequate, the goal is to
maintain the existing occlusion to remove isolated interferences
in the course of therapy. There is an evidence that coronoplasty
provides better stability.
• The occlusion must be checked periodically and the patient
should be advised accordingly.
16. REFERENCES
• Fermin J: carranza michael G. Newmann clinical
periodontology 8th edition. W.B. Saunders 1999.
• Dr. K. Malathi, Dr. A.J. Anand, Dr. R. Karthikeyan, Dr. Sagar
Garg, coronoplasty, IOSR journal of dental and medical
sciences (IOSR-JDMS) : volume 13, issue 9 ver. I (sep. 2014),
PP 64-67.
• Ramford SP occlusion indent I : 20;1973
Editor's Notes
Forces of occlusion are created by the musculature in chewing swallowing and speech and are transmitted through the teeth to the periodontium..
all natural, proper, or characteristic movements of the mandible made during speech, mastication, yawning, swallowing, and other associated movements.
Occlusion is adjusted for pts who demonstrate periodontal changes manifested in the form of excessive tooth mobility, angular thickening of pdl, vertical bone destruction, furcation involvement and migration of teeth………………… but there will be no change in the mandibular position. and if there is generalized trauma faulty maxillomand relationships may be involved in the production of the trauma. Normalization of these relationships may require major changes in the mandibular occlusal position.
The obj is the mech elimination of occlusal supracontacts involved in function and parafunction. Positive results of occlusal adjustment include:
Referring to the movement of nerve impulses centrally–eg, through vessels toward the heart, or nerves to the brain,
But this sequence is modified in Infrabony pockets because excessive occlusal forces are imp in determining the pattern of osseous defect, to provide optimal conditions for repair of bony defect, the occlusion is adjusted before or at the same tym as the pocket elimination procedures. In mucogingival surgery because the occlusal forces affect the post treatment contour of the facia bony plate… in cases of excessive tooth mobility in which tfo is a major causative factor.
A face-bow is a dental instrument used in the field of prosthodontics. Its purpose is to transfer functional and aesthetic components from patient's mouth to the dental articulator. Specifically, it transfers the relationship of maxillary arch and temporomandibular joint to the casts. It records the upper model's (maxilla) relationship to the External Acoustic Meatus, in the hinge axis.
Rcp , icp, or habitual closure position is selected for the occlusal end point. Moller, and gibbs has characterized icp as a working position and on the basis of jaw tracking and electromyography studies, it seems rcp as a postural end point of occlusion in minority of subjects …icp…. the position of the mandible when the cusps and sulci of the maxillary and mandibular teeth are in their greatest contact and the mandible is in its most closed position. The retruded contact position (RCP) is a relatively reproducible maxillomandibular relationship. It is used as a reference point for mounting casts on an articulator.. The benefits to create bilateral balance is to dec dental loading forces
canine .. Is seen in young individuals wth unworn dentition .In support of canine protected occlusal schemes, however the teeth of ind in one study had significantly lower mean periodontal index scores When the mandible is moved into a lateral excursion, the working side condyle (the condyle on the side of the mandible that moves outwards)
1.Done with a tapered cutting tool. Entails restoring the depth of developmental grooves.
2. Restores the original tooth contour while reducing the supra contact. Done with a light paint brush stroke. effort is made to preserve the occlusal height of the cusps.
3. Consists of restoring cusp point contours.it is done by reshaping the tooth with rotating cutting tools.
icp…. the position of the mandible when the cusps and sulci of the maxillary and mandibular teeth are in their greatest contact and the mandible is in its most closed positionThe retruded contact position (RCP) is a relatively reproducible maxillomandibular relationship. It is used as a reference point for mounting casts on an articulator..
