Corneal abrasions and f bs
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Corneal abrasions are common eye injuries caused by trauma, foreign bodies, or improper contact lens use. Patients experience severe eye pain and a foreign body sensation. Examination involves assessing visual acuity, examining the cornea under fluorescein dye for abrasions, and evertiing the lids to check for foreign bodies. Treatment consists of topical antibiotic drops and pain medication. Most abrasions heal within 24 hours, but deep or infected abrasions require follow up.
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This document discusses common knee injuries, including acute injuries like ACL tears, meniscal tears, and patellar dislocations, as well as overuse injuries. It provides details on mechanisms of injury, symptoms, physical exam findings, imaging, treatment including RICE protocol and possible surgery, and prognosis. Knee injuries are common due to the knee's role in weight bearing and lack of bony and muscular support, making it prone to ligament tears and cartilage damage from sudden movements or repetitive stress.
Intra ocular foreign body
A 20-year-old male presented with an intraocular foreign body in his left eye after hitting a hammer against metal. Imaging confirmed a metal foreign body stuck in the inferior retina. During primary surgery, the foreign body was removed using a magnet after vitrectomy. This led to discovery of a large retinal tear. Silicone oil was used, but the retina re-detached, requiring a second surgery where the posterior vitreous was removed. The final visual acuity was 20/100 after cataract extraction and IOL implantation. This case raises questions about the optimal approach and extent of primary surgery for intraocular foreign body removal.
Behcet's disease
Behcet's disease is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disease that causes blood vessel inflammation throughout the body. It is characterized by oral and genital ulcers, eye inflammation, skin lesions, and joint, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms. The cause is unknown but involves genetic and environmental factors. It is associated with genes related to immune function like HLA-B51. Symptoms typically begin in the 3rd or 4th decade of life and affect males more than females. Diagnosis is based on recurrent oral and genital ulcers along with other clinical features. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and symptoms.
Ocularemerg
This document reviews ocular emergencies including red eye, glaucoma, retinal detachment, corneal injuries, chemical burns, ruptured globe, and central retinal artery occlusion. Key points discussed are differential diagnosis and management of these conditions, with emphasis on timely referral to ophthalmology as needed to prevent vision loss or further injury. Examination techniques like fluorescein staining and tonometry are also outlined.
Behcet's Disease
Behcet's disease is a rare immune-mediated systemic vasculitis characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers. It was first described in 1937 by Turkish dermatologist Hulusi Behcet based on its hallmark triple-symptom complex of recurrent oral and genital ulcers and uveitis. Behcet's disease can affect multiple organ systems and commonly involves the eyes, skin, joints, and blood vessels. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria including recurrent oral ulcers plus two of genital ulcers, eye lesions, skin lesions or a positive pathergy test. Treatment depends on symptoms but may include colchicine, corticosteroids, azathioprine, anti-T
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This document summarizes various congenital corneal abnormalities including microcornea, megalocornea, and cornea plana. It then discusses corneal ectasias like keratoconus, keratoglobus, and pellucid marginal degeneration. Keratoconus is characterized by thinning and distortion of the cornea and can be detected using tools like retinoscopy, slit lamp examination, and corneal topography. It progresses slowly from puberty to middle age. Treatments include spectacles, rigid gas permeable contact lenses, and keratoplasty. Keratoglobus involves generalized corneal thinning from birth. Pellucid marginal degeneration causes inferior corneal thinning in a crescent shape.
Common eye conditions in General Practice
Dr. Chamath Fernando
Lecturer,
Department of Family Medicine,
Faculty of Medical Sciences,
University of Sri Jayewardenepura,
Sri Lanka.
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Bacterial corneal ulcer (Etilogy, pathogenesis, pathology & clinical features)
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The Human Eye & Common Problems
Eyes are an important part of the body. In this Presentation we are introducing some common Eye disorders & some natural remedies to treat them.
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Phacoemulsification
This document provides an overview of phacoemulsification cataract surgery. It discusses the basic principles, parts of the phacoemulsification machine, anesthesia techniques, assessing the lens for surgery, incision types, capsulotomy, hydrodissection, common surgical techniques, and risks. The key steps of phacoemulsification surgery include making incisions, performing capsulotomy and hydrodissection, breaking up and removing the lens nucleus using ultrasonic energy, and implanting an intraocular lens.
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Traumatic eye injury hypothetical case presentaion
This patient presented with chemical injury to the right eye after being hit with a scraper. The initial treatment of checking the pH and irrigating with 1L saline was not sufficient as chemical injuries require prolonged irrigation. The eye also was not checked for foreign bodies. Going forward, the eye requires patching, antibiotic drops, and monitoring in the hospital for complications like increased pressure or additional bleeding. Long term risks include scarring, glaucoma, and potential retinal detachment.
Ophthalmic emergencies in pediatrics
This document discusses epidemiology and management of various eye injuries and infections. Some key points:
- Eye injuries are a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, with up to 40% occurring in those under 17. Males ages 11-15 have the highest risk.
- Common eye injuries result from sports, home accidents, and projectiles. A thorough eye exam evaluates visual acuity, external anatomy, pupillary response, visual fields, and more. Imaging may be needed to check for fractures or foreign bodies.
- Injuries include lid lacerations, subconjunctival hemorrhages, corneal abrasions/ulcers, hyphemas, orbital fractures, and more severe issues like globe
Contact Lens Overwear And Contamination
Contact lens overwear and contamination can cause severe eye pain in patients. Examination may reveal corneal injury, iritis, conjunctivitis, or no visible findings without staining. Topical anesthetic and fluorescein dye should be used to examine for corneal epithelial defects, which are treated with antibiotic ointment. Patients are instructed to avoid lens wear until cleared by an ophthalmologist and seek follow-up care. Topical anesthetics, contaminated lens reuse, patching, and steroid drops are not recommended for management.
Ocular Emergency
1. The document discusses various ocular emergencies including traumatic injuries like hyphema, ruptured globe, and chemical burns as well as non-traumatic emergencies like acute angle closure glaucoma and orbital cellulitis.
2. Management strategies are provided for different conditions including irrigation for chemical burns, medications to lower IOP for glaucoma, and IV antibiotics for orbital cellulitis.
3. Immediate referral to an ophthalmologist is recommended for penetrating injuries, ruptured globe, retinal artery occlusion, and conditions requiring surgery.
Examination of eyes
The document discusses eye examination and trauma. It notes that eye exams are important for detecting infections, diseases, and systemic conditions. Eye injuries can cause structural and functional damage, and the examination should assess the seven classic rings of injury. Different types of trauma are outlined, from closed globe non-penetrating trauma to perforating trauma. Clinical features vary in severity from swelling to traumatic globe destruction. A proper examination evaluates visual acuity, external structures, the ocular surface, orbit, and visual fields.
Ocular emergencies
This document provides an overview of ocular anatomy and various ocular emergencies commonly seen in the emergency department. It describes the anatomy of the eye in three layers - outer, middle, and innermost. Various ocular emergencies are then discussed in more detail, including acute angle closure glaucoma, retinal detachment, foreign bodies, corneal abrasions and lacerations, chemical burns, ruptured globe, central retinal artery occlusion, and orbital infections. For each condition, the pathophysiology, clinical findings, diagnosis and emergency department management are summarized. The goal is to equip emergency physicians with the essential knowledge to identify and treat potentially sight-threatening ocular emergencies.
Periorbital Ecchymosis
Periorbital ecchymosis, commonly known as a black eye, is caused by blunt trauma to the eye area. While alarming in appearance, it is usually a minor facial contusion. A complete eye exam should be performed to rule out injuries like hyphema, retinal detachment, or orbital fractures. With an uncomplicated injury and normal exam, reassurance can be provided that the swelling will subside within 1-2 days and discoloration within 1-2 weeks. Follow-up is recommended if vision problems or pain develop.
Eye & ent emergencies
This document provides information on various eye, ear, nose, and throat (EENT) emergencies. It describes trauma-related conditions like lid lacerations, ocular trauma, blowout fractures, and nasal bone fractures. It also covers non-trauma issues such as corneal foreign bodies, chemical burns, acute red eye, acute visual loss, epistaxis, traumatic tympanic membrane perforations, and more. For each condition, it discusses history, examination, treatment, and criteria for referral to a specialist. Immediate referral is indicated for penetrating injuries, suspected globe rupture, intraocular foreign bodies, severe chemical burns, hyphema, uveitis with hypopyon, and recurrent amauro
eye disorders .pptx
The document discusses various refractive errors and eye conditions including:
- Refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism which cause blurred vision and can be corrected with glasses or contacts.
- Eye conditions like strabismus, hordeolum, blepharitis, entropion, and ectropion. Strabismus is eye misalignment while the others involve eyelid inflammation or turning.
- Causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment are described for each condition. Conservative treatments include eyeglasses, contact lenses, warm compresses, and eye drops. Some conditions may require incision and drainage or surgery.
Corneal Foreign Body
A corneal foreign body occurs when a particle becomes embedded in the cornea, often causing intense pain. Superficial foreign bodies may be visible with sidelighting or a slit lamp, while deep ones only appear as shadows during funduscopy. To treat it, anesthetic drops are applied and tests are done to locate the foreign body and check for injuries. If superficial, it may be removed with a swab, but firmly embedded ones require scraping with a spud or needle under magnification. The defect is then treated as a corneal abrasion, with antibiotic ointment and follow-up care the next day. Special care must be taken to fully remove all fragments to prevent inflammation and potential blindness.
Cataracts
Extracapsular cataract surgery involves removing the clouded lens and surrounding capsule from the eye. The most common method is phacoemulsification, which uses ultrasound to break up the lens for removal through a small incision. After removal of the cataract, an intraocular lens implant is typically placed. Surgery is usually quick and has a high success rate in improving vision, but risks include infection, swelling, bleeding or complications that may require further treatment.
Evaluation and initial management of patients with ocular and adnexal trauma
This document provides guidelines for evaluating and initially managing patients with ocular and adnexal trauma. It outlines the essential steps in the emergency department, which include stabilizing life-threatening injuries, lavaging the eyes if a chemical injury occurred, obtaining medical and ocular histories, and performing an eye examination. The document describes the necessary equipment, how to assess visual acuity, external features, ocular motility, pupils, anterior and posterior segments, and intraocular pressure. It provides referral criteria and recommendations for care, transport, and follow up by ophthalmologists.
Eye injuries and illnesses- Third year mbbs Ophthalmology
Topic- Injuries of eye and other manifestations
Subject- Ophthalmology
Category- MBBS notes for Third year MBBS students.
Created by- Medicforyou
Website- http://medicforyou.blogspot.com
For any feedback or queries, mail me at killer5179@gmail.com
eye trauma approach and management
This document provides information on eye injuries, including common forms, injury sites, symptoms, examination findings, and treatment. It discusses injuries to structures like the conjunctiva, cornea, iris, lens, vitreous, retina, optic nerve, as well as chemical injuries. Examination is important to determine the type and extent of injury. Treatment depends on the specific injury but often involves irrigation, antibiotics, patching, and repair of lacerations or detached retinas. Some injuries like retinal tears or iron foreign bodies can lead to long term complications if not addressed.
Cataract by Group 3.pptx
The document provides an overview of cataracts including:
- Defining cataract as a clouding of the eye's lens obstructing light passage.
- Describing the four main types: nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular, and congenital.
- Listing causes like aging, diabetes, steroid use, sunlight exposure, and nutritional deficiencies.
- Explaining the pathophysiology involves disrupted lens protein structure from factors like glucose levels.
- Noting cataract prevalence increases with age and is more common in women.
- Outlining signs of blurred vision, light sensitivity, and decreased night vision.
- Treatment involves glasses initially and later surgery to remove the clouded lens
Eye Disorders.pptx
This document provides information on eye disorders, specifically cataracts and glaucoma. It defines cataracts as a lens opacity and discusses causes, types, symptoms, and treatment including medication and surgery. For glaucoma, it describes the condition as optic nerve damage related to intraocular pressure, lists types, discusses evaluation and treatment with medication, laser procedures, and nursing care post-surgery. The document aims to educate on these common age-related eye conditions.
20 ophthalmology clinical cases
The document describes 10 medical cases involving patients presenting with various eye symptoms. Case 1 involves a 70-year-old woman with sudden vision loss, headache, and jaw pain, likely due to giant cell arteritis. Case 2 involves a 40-year-old man with a drooping eyelid and double vision, likely caused by a third nerve palsy from an aneurysm. Case 3 involves a 55-year-old man with floaters and flashes, diagnosed with a posterior vitreous detachment.
Abrasion
Corneal abrasion is a loss of the outermost layer of the cornea caused by physical or chemical trauma. Symptoms include eye pain, sensitivity to light, tearing, and blurred vision. Diagnosis is made through slit lamp examination with fluorescein dye, which reveals defects in the corneal surface. Treatment focuses on pain relief with anesthetic drops or analgesics, prevention of infection with antibiotic drops, and protection of the eye with patching or bandage contact lenses until the epithelium heals, which usually occurs within 1-2 days for minor abrasions. Prognosis is generally excellent with prompt treatment, but deep or untreated abrasions risk infection and scarring.
Cataract (eye disease condition)
Cataract is a clouding of the lens inside the eye that causes vision loss. It develops slowly over time and can affect one or both eyes. The main causes are aging, exposure to UV radiation, smoking, genetic factors, and various medical conditions. Cataract surgery involves removing the clouded lens and sometimes replacing it with an artificial lens to restore vision. Nurses educate patients on post-operative care including eye drops, limitations on activities, use of protective eyewear, and signs of complications to watch for.
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Traumatic eye injury hypothetical case presentaion
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Evaluation and initial management of patients with ocular and adnexal trauma
Evaluation and initial management of patients with ocular and adnexal trauma
Eye injuries and illnesses- Third year mbbs Ophthalmology
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Corneal abrasions and f bs
- 1. EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT REGIONAL TEACHING SERIES J F P O T T S , E A W I N N Corneal Abrasions and Foreign Bodies
- 2. Basic Corneal Anatomy Transparent avascular tissue with a convex anterior surface and concave posterior surface Main function is optical Accounts for 70% of total refractory surface of the eye Also acts as protection to the eye and structural integrity
- 3. What are corneal abrasions? Corneal abrasion is the most common eye injury. They frequently result from eye trauma, retained foreign bodies, and improper contact lens use. It occurs because of a disruption in the integrity of the corneal epithelium or because the corneal surface is scraped away or denuded as a result of physical external forces. As they usually heal rapidly, without serious sequelae they are often considered of little consequence. However, deep corneal involvement may result in facet formation in the epithelium or scar formation in the stroma.
- 4. Clinical Presentation The corneal epithelium is richly innervated with sensory pain fibers from the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). Therefore patients with corneal abrasions of all types have the same clinical presentation; - severe eye pain - reluctance to open the eye due to photophobia - foreign body sensation Patients with traumatic abrasion have a history of direct trauma to the globe. Patients with a foreign body may or may not recall an episode with material falling or flying into the eye since, depending upon the type and size of the foreign body. If the FB entered the eye at high velocity (e.g. when using a grinding machine or from metal striking metal) you MUST consider the possibility of a penetrating eye injury and modify the subsequent examination as clinical findings require.
- 5. History (in addition to your usual questions) Document time, place and activity during injury Document the complaint (common abrasion symptoms include; foreign body sensation/painful eye/watery eye and secondary blurred vision/photophobia) Is it a recurrent problem? Did they wake up with it? Past ophthalmic history: Do they wear contact lenses? Any previous eye problems? Any eye surgery? Past medical history: arthritis? Atopy? Drugs: any drops? Allergies?
- 6. Examination MUST record visual acuities in both eyes—use the patient's own glasses and then add the pinhole on top of that MUST use the slit lamp or direct ophthalmoscope on high magnification— ask a senior if necessary MUST examine both eyes Is there any purulent discharge from the eyes? Check pupils circular and reactive Always evert and check under the lids to assess for a conjunctival FB Instil fluorescein dye (with topical local anaesthetic) and examine with cobalt blue light
- 7. Examination continued Draw a diagram of the eye with abrasion (the area of staining) Describe the position and size of abrasion. Is it in the centre or periphery of the cornea? Is it clear or is there associated infiltrate/ulcer? Comment on the anterior chamber looking for cells/ layering purulence (hypopyon). Assess for perforated globe/foreign body (Seidel Sign). If FB seen, attempt removal with spud or 20G/25G (tangential approach) needle after anaesthetising eye. If unable to remove URGENT OPTHAL REFERRAL. Those without formal training should not approach the globe with sharp instruments; an appropriately trained clinician should be consulted if removal with a swab is unsuccessful
- 8. Management CHLORAMPHENICOL ointment BD to the affected eye for 5 days If they are very photophobic, put 1 drop of CYCLOPENTOLATE in the eye Advise ibuprofen or, if required, give codeine based analgesia in addition Patch the eye for 4–6 hours if the abrasion is very painful. Or >50% of corneal surface. Never patch an ulcer. Removal of rust ring on a routine basis at time of foreign body removal is not recommended because of potential damage to Bowman’s membrane and resultant scarring DON'T GIVE OUT TOPICAL ANAESTHETICS to take home Advise them to not wear contact lens for 2 weeks Advise them it may be painful for 2 days
- 9. Management continued NB: If there is an infected ulcer (if you see any discharge, infiltrate in the abrasion or pus in the anterior chamber), significant visual loss or a history of penetrating injury- RING OPTHALMOLOGY ON CALL for advice
- 10. Patching technique: Apply topical antibiotic treatment Ensure lid is closed over corneal and tape gauze pad over eyelid Generally not required for small abrasions Indicated for: - 1) Very symptomatic and photophobic patients- 4-6hr patching, possible benefit. - 2) Large abrasions >50% corneal surface- 24hr patch.
- 11. Follow up Most corneal abrasions can be discharged without any follow up. However, if unsure bring back to ED in 24 hours. Ask the patient to return to A&E if they do not feel any improvement in 72 hours. Reasons for follow‐up in Opthalmology clinic: If there is corneal ulcer/infiltrate (white spot or opacity indicating ulceration) or hypopyon Visual loss (>2 lines on Snellen chart) The abrasion is affecting the patient's “only‐seeing” eye The patient gives a history of recurrent abrasion in the same eye Contact lens wearer with corneal ulceration Concern for retained foreign body Large defect > 40% of corneal Delayed healing- failure to re-epithelialise after 3-4 days If senior opinion is sought then please document who advised and the advice that was given
- 12. Conclusion Corneal abrasions are common eye injuries that frequently result from eye trauma, foreign bodies, and improper contact lens use. Patients typically present with severe eye pain and a foreign body sensation. Key aspects of clinical evaluation include exclusion of an open globe and hyphema, measurement of visual acuity, penlight and fluorescein examination, and lid eversion to assess for a conjunctival foreign body. Treatment of small, uncomplicated corneal abrasions consists of topical antibiotic therapy and either topical or oral pain medication. Most abrasions heal fully within 24 hours.