This document discusses setting out, which refers to positioning proposed construction works on the ground and controlling their dimensions during construction. It outlines several types of setting out, including points, angles, lines, and circular arches. The objectives of setting out are to ensure structures are the correct size, location, and height. It is important to perform setting out before other construction stages to avoid costly rework. Common equipment for setting out includes tapes, tripods, prisms, levels, total stations, and compasses. The document provides an example of using this equipment to perform rectangular setting out from station points and recording bearings between stations. Accuracy is important for new structures.

1. LOCATION : POST GUARDS
KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI
MARA PASIR MAS, KELANTAN.
CONSTRUCTION SURVEY 2

2. - Setting out was define as the term used for the
operations necessary for correct positioning of proposed
works on the ground and their dimensional control
during the construction process.
- Setting-out of a position
- Setting-out of an angle
- Setting-out of a point position
- Setting-out of a straight line
- Setting-out of a circular arch

3. • - Rectangular coordinates xA, xB, yA, yB in reference to a
part of setting-out network given by points 1 and 2 are
known.

4. - The objective of setting out work is :
• i)The building or structure must be in true dimensional,
relative or precise in size, locations and heights.
• ii) The setting out work must be done before other
construction stages and extended work such as
relocate will be costly.

5. - Advantage
• A point whose coordinates are known can be set out from any
other point whose coordinates are known providing that the
two points are intervisible.
• The method is particularly suitable for use with a theodolite
and tape over short distances on level surfaces, or a Total
Station over longer distances and uneven surfaces.
•
- Disadvantage
• Refraction, earth curvature, and residual instrument errors limit
the accuracy of elevations obtained.
• However, if as often happens, the setting out is limited to X
and Y, as on a new concrete slab, then levels are not taken
anyway.

6. Measuring
tape
Tripod stand Prism

7. Plum
bob
Total
station
Pol
e

8. Hammer
Compass
Picket
Compass
stand

9. - All equipments of levelling are prepared and safed to
used.
- Choose the proposed building to do rectangular setting
out.
- Set up the instrument at station 1 and determine main
position line.
- Set up the compass and prism to get the bearing.
- Set up the total station by using the bearing that we get.
- Record the bearing at station 1 until station 7.
- The same procedure is used for setting-out of next point.

12. - - For the new structure it is very important to do the
seting out.
- - The accuracy must be taken into account.
- - To maintain the accuracy of setting out pile point, is
depend to the accuracy of the corner of the buildings.

13. •THANK YOU