Software consists of instructions that tell a computer's hardware what to do. There are two main types of software: system software that controls computer operations, and application software that performs specific tasks for users. An operating system is system software that coordinates hardware, manages memory and files, and provides a user interface. Application software includes programs for word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, graphics editing, and more. Utility programs allow users to perform maintenance tasks like file compression. Software can be proprietary, where users pay for a closed source, or open source, where users can freely modify free software.

1. ER
SOFTWA
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FORM 4

2. Definition of Software
 Also called a computer program
 It consists of a series of instructions that tells
the hardware of a computer what to do or
how to do it
 For example :
 Some instruction direct the computer to allow
you to input data from a keyboard and store it
in the memory
 Other instructions cause data stored in memory
to be used in calculations

3. Usage of Software
 Interact with the program through its user
interface
 This user interface controls how you enter
data, instructions and how information is
displayed on the screen

4. Types of Software
2. Application Software
All program that perform
specific tasks for users
1.System Software
Used to control and
manage computer devices
and operations
Software
Operating
System
Utility
Program
Examples of application
software
Microsoft Word, Microsoft
Excel, Outlook
Express and Internet
Explorer

5. System Software
 Operating System
 program that is loaded into the computer and
coordinates all the activities among computer
hardware devices
 controls the hardware in the computer ,
peripherals, manages memory and files
 enables the user to communicate with the
computer and other software
 examples of operating system are Microsoft
Windows, Macintosh OS X, Linux , Unix and also
DOS

6. System Software
 Utility Programs
 allows user to perform maintenance-type tasks
 It has been integrated into most major operating
systems such as format, check and defragment
disks
 examples of utility programs are antivirus and file
compression programs

7. Example of System Software

8. Example of Application
Software

9. Functions of Operating System
Starting a computer
Providing a user interface
Managing data & programs
Managing memory
Configuring Devices
Functions
of
OS

10. Functions of Operating System
 Starting a Computer
 first function of an operating system
 When start a computer, it loads the operating
system into the computer's memory. This
process is called booting

11. What is Booting
Booting means to load and initialize
the operating system on a computer
machine. It can happen in two ways
which is warm boot or cold boot
starting a computer that is
already off. It happens
when we turn on a computer
that has been completely
powered off
COLD BOOT
restarting a computer that is
already on. It normally
happens after installing a new
software or hardware or after an
application crashes or stops
working.
WARM BOOT

12. Functions of Operating System
 Providing a user interface
 the most important function of an operating
system, is providing the user interface
 controls how the user enters data and instruction
and how information is displayed
 The user interface typically enables users:
 to start an application program
 to manage disks and files such as formatting, copying
and renaming
 to shut down the computer safely by following the
correct procedures

13. Functions of Operating System
 Providing a user interface
The three (3) types of user interface are Command-Line,
Menu-Driven and Graphical, User Interface (GUI)

14. Functions of Operating System
 Managing data & program
 When we start an application, the CPU loads the
application from storage into memory
 Multitasking operating systems enable users to work
with two or more application programs at the same
time

15. Functions of Operating System
 Managing memory
 Operating system is also responsible for
managing memory such as :
 optimizing the use of Random Access Memory
(RAM)
 allocating data and instruction to an area of
memory while being processed
 monitoring the contents of memory
 releasing data and instructions from being
monitored in memory when the process is done

16. Functions of Operating System
 Configuring Devices
 Handling input and output, as well as enabling
communication with input and output devices
 Most operating systems come with drivers for
popular input and output devices
 These drivers install new devices and check
whenever there is conflict with these devices

17. Types of Application Software
 Word Processing
 Spreadsheet
 Presentation
 Graphics Editing

18. Word Processing
 Example : Microsoft Word, Corel Word Perfect,
EasyWord, Celframe Word, Kword, OpenOffice
Write
 Allows users to create and manipulate
documents containing mostly text and
sometimes graphics
 Can be used to produce documents such as
letters, memos, reports, fax cover, sheets,
mailing labels, news letters and web pages

19. Spreadsheet
 Example : Microsoft Excel, Corel Quattro Pro,
EasySpreadsheet, Celframe Spreadsheet,
Kspread, openOffice Calc
 Allows users to organize and manipulate data in
rows and columns. Contains cell on which you
can insert formula, labels, perform automatic
recalculation
 Produce worksheets that require repetitive
recalculation
 Features : containing formula, making charts,
what-if analysis function, making query

20. Presentation
 Example : Microsoft PowerPoint, Corel
Presentations, EasyPresentation, Celframe
PowerPresentation, Kpresenter, OpenOffice
Impress
 Allows users to create visual aids for
presentations to communicate ideas, messages
and other information to an audience
 Also can insert audio in our presentation; but
editing the audio using audio editing software
such as Sony Sound 7.0

21. Graphics Editing
 Example : Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator,
Corel Draw, Jasc Paint Shop Pro, Inkscape
 Allows users to work with drawings, photos
and pictures
 Provide users the ability of creating,
manipulating and printing graphics

22. Types of Application Software
 Software Suite
 Collection of individual program sold as single
package
 Designed to enhance the performance our work.
It typically includes Word Processing,
Spreadsheet, Presentation, E-mail
 Currently, Microsoft Office is a very popular
example of software suite being used

23. Utility Programs
 Also known as service programs, is a type of
system software that allow user to perform
maintenance-type task, usually related to
managing a computer
 Types of utility programs:
 Built in – windows explorer, disk cleanup, disk
defragmenter
 Stand-alone utility – winzip, norton utility, kaspersky

24. Utility Programs
Utility Programs Examples
1. File Management Windows Explorer
2. Diagnostic Utility Norton Utilities
3. File Compression WinZip, WinRAR, PKZip
4. Antivirus Kaspersky, AVG, Avast
5. Defragmenter Disk Defragmenter, Norton Speed
Disk
6. Disk Scanner

25. Proprietary & Open Source
Software
 Proprietary Software (Closed Source
Software)
 Company develop the owns software
 Have to pay the software if want to use
 Example : Microsoft Office 2007, Adobe
Photoshop CS3, Windows 7
 Open Source Software
 Free to use
 provides the original source code used to create it
so that advanced users can modify it to make it
work better for them
 Example : Linux, Mozilla Firefox 3.0,

26. Differences between Proprietary &
Open Source Software
Open Software Proprietary
 Linux, Ubuntu, OpenOffice.org  Windows Vista, Microsoft Word
 Purchased with its source code  Purchased without its source code
 Users can modify the software  Users cannot modify the software
 Can get open software for free of
charge
 Must pay to get the proprietary
software
 Can install software freely into any
computer
 Must have a license from vendor
before
install into computer
 No one is responsible to the
software
 Full support from vendor if anything
happened to the software