This document defines software and describes different types of software. It begins by defining software as a series of instructions that direct a computer's hardware. There are two main types of software: system software and application software. System software includes operating systems and utility programs. Operating systems control hardware, manage memory and files, and provide a user interface. Utility programs perform maintenance tasks like formatting disks. Application software performs specific tasks for users like word processing, spreadsheets, presentations and graphics editing. Common examples of each software type are provided.

1. Software
Introduction

2. Definition of Software
➔ Also called a computer program
“It consists of a series of instructions that tells the
hardware of a computer what to do or how to do it”
➔ For example:
◆ Some instruction direct the computer to allow you to
input data from a keyboard and store it in the memory
◆ Other instructions cause data stored in memory
to be used in calculations

3. Usage of Software
➔ Interact with the program through its user
interface
➔ This user interface controls how you enter data,
instructions and how information is displayed on the
screen

4. Types of Software
2. Application Software
All program that perform
specific tasks for users
1.System Software
Used to control and
manage computer devices
and operations
Software
Operating
System
Utility
Program
Examples of application
software
Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel,
Outlook
Express and Internet Explorer

5. System Software
Operating System
“program that is loaded into the computer and coordinates all
the activities among computer hardware devices”
- controls the hardware in the computer ,
- Peripherals,
- manages memory and files
- enables the user to communicate with the
computer and other software
Examples:
Microsoft Windows, Macintosh OS X, Linux , Unix and
also DOS

6. Operating System
Starting a computer
Providing a user interface
Managing data & programs
Managing memory
Configuring Devices

7. Operating System
Starting a Computer
◆ first function of an operating system
◆ When start a computer, it loads the operating system into
the computer's memory. This process is called booting
◆ Booting means to load and initialize the operating
system on a computer machine. It can happen in two
ways which is warm boot or cold boot

8. Booting
when we turn on system
that has been completely
powered off
restarting a computer that is
already on. It normally happens
after installing a new
software or hardware or after an
application crashes or stops
working.

9. Operating System Functions
1. Controls how the user enters data and instruction and
2. How information is displayed
3. Providing a user interface
4. Managing data & program
5. Multitasking operating systems enable users to work with
two or more application programs at the same time

10. Operating System Functions
User interface typically enables users:
a. to start an application program
b. to manage disks and files such as formatting, copying
and renaming
c. to shut down the computer safely by following the
correct procedures
The three (3) types of user interface are
Command-Line,
Menu-Driven and Graphical, User Interface (GUI)

11. Operating System Functions

12. Operating System Functions
Memory Management
★ optimizing the use of Random Access Memory (RAM)
★ allocating data and instruction to an area of memory while
being processed
★ monitoring the contents of memory
★ releasing data and instructions from being monitored in
memory when the process is done

13. Operating System Functions
Configuring Devices
★ Handling input and output, as well as enabling
communication with input and output devices
★ Most operating systems come with drivers for popular input
and output devices
★ These drivers install new devices and check whenever
there is conflict with these devices

15. System Software
Utility Programs
allows user to perform maintenance-type tasks
It has been integrated into most major operating systems
Examples :
such as Format, check and Defragment disks
Antivirus,Drivers and File Compression programs

16. Utility Programs
“A type of system software that allow user to perform
maintenance-type task, usually related to managing a
computer”
Also known as service programs,
Types of utility programs:
Built in – windows explorer,
disk cleanup, disk defragmenter
Stand-alone utility – winzip, norton utility, kaspersky

17. Utility Programs
Utility Programs Examples
1. File Management Windows Explorer
2. Diagnostic Utility Norton Utilities
3. File Compression WinZip, WinRAR, PKZip
4. Antivirus Kaspersky, AVG, Avast
5. Defragmenter Disk Defragmenter, Norton Speed Disk
6. Disk Scanner

19. Application Software

20. Types of Application Software
◻ Word Processing
◻ Spreadsheet
◻ Presentation
◻ Graphics Editing

21. Word Processing
Example:
Microsoft Word, Corel
Wordperfect, EasyWord,
Celframe Word, Kword,
OpenOffice Write
➔ Allows users to create and manipulate
documents containing mostly text and
sometimes graphics
➔ Can be used to produce documents
such as
Letters, Memos, reports, fax cover
Sheets, mailing labels, newsletters
and web pages