This document provides an overview of different types of computer software. It begins by defining software and describing the main types as system software and application software. It then explains the different types of system software in more detail, including operating system software, device drivers, and utility software. The major functions of an operating system are also listed. Language processors such as compilers, interpreters, and assemblers are described next. Finally, the document discusses various types of application software including open source software, cloud applications, and mobile applications.

1. COMPUTER
SOFTWARE
Presenter: Roshan Maharjan

2. Outlines
▪ Define software and describe the different types of
software.
▪ Explain the different types of system software.
▪ List out the major functions of an OS.
▪ Describe the different types of translator.
▪ Explain the different types of application software.
2

3. “Education is our passport
to the future, For
tomorrow belongs to the
people who prepare for it
today”
3
Malcon X

4. 1.
SOFTWARE

5. 5
Software
▪ Software is a collection of instructions that enable the user to interact
with a computer, its hardware, or perform tasks.
▪ Without software, most computers would be useless.
▪ Software is a generic term for organizing collections of computer data
and instructions,
▪ Software is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a well-
defined function.
▪ A program is a sequence of instructions written to solve a particular
problem.

6. 6
Types of Software
▪ System Software
System software is a generic term referring to the computer
programs used to start and run computer systems including diverse
application software and networks.
▪ Application Software
Application software is the general designation of computer
programs for performing tasks. The application software may be general
purpose (word processing, web browsers.) or have a specific purpose
(accounting, truck scheduling.) Application software contrast to system
software.

7. 7
System Software
▪ System software is software designed to provide a platform for other
software.
▪ They are designed to operate, control and enhances the processing
capabilities of the computer.
▪ They are developed by computer manufacturer in low level language.
▪ It also helps hardware components to work together and provide support for
the development and execution of the application software.
▪ Programs which are included in system software packages are also known
as system programs and the programmers who develop those programs are
known as system programmer.
▪ Examples of system software include operating systems like macOS, Linux,
Android and Microsoft Windows, game engines, industrial automation.

8. The purpose of the system software are:
▪ To provide basic functionality of a computer
▪ To control computer hardware, and
▪ To act as an interface between user, application
software and computer hardware

9. Types of system software
▪ There are three types of system software:
• Operating System Software
• Device Driver
• Utility Software

10. Operating system software
▪ An Operating System is a program designed to run other
programs on a computer.
▪ A computer's operating system is its most important
program.
▪ It is considered as the backbone of a
computer managing both software and hardware device.
▪ Operating systems are responsible for each and everything
from the control and allocation of memory to input from
external devices and output to computer display.
▪ It is a program on which application programs are executed
and acts as an communication bridge (interface) between
the user and the computer hardware.

11. Function of an Operating system
• Memory Management
• Processor Management
• Device Management
• File Management
• Security
• Control over system performance
• Job accounting
• Error detecting aids
• Coordination between other software and user

12. Function of an Operating system
• Memory Management
▪ Keeps tracks of primary memory, i.e., what part of it are in use by whom, what
part are not in use.
▪ In multiprogramming, the OS decides which process will get memory when and
how much.
▪ Allocates the memory when a process requests it to do so.
▪ De-allocates the memory when a process no longer needs it or has been
terminated.
• Processor Management
▪ Keeps tracks of processor and status of process. The program responsible for
this task is known as traffic controller.
▪ Allocates the processor (CPU) to a process.
▪ De-allocates processor when a process is no longer required.
• Device Management
▪ Keeps tracks of all devices. Program responsible for this task is known as the I/O
controller.
▪ Decides which process gets the device when and for how much time.
▪ Allocates the device in the efficient way.
▪ De-allocates devices.

13. Function of an Operating system
• File Management
▪ Keeps track of information, location, uses, status etc. The collective
facilities are often known as file system.
▪ Decides who gets the resources.
▪ Allocates the resources.
▪ De-allocates the resources
• Security
The operating system uses password protection to protect user
data and similar other techniques. it also prevents unauthorized access to
programs and user data.
• Control over system performance
Monitors overall system health to help improve performance.
records the response time between service requests and system response to
have a complete view of the system health. This can help improve
performance by providing important information needed to troubleshoot
problems.
Continue……

14. Function of an Operating system
• Job accounting
Operating system Keeps track of time and resources used
by various tasks and users, this information can be used to track
resource usage for a particular user or group of user.
• Error detecting aids
Operating system constantly monitors the system to detect
errors and avoid the malfunctioning of computer system
• Coordination between other software and users
Operating systems also coordinate and assign interpreters,
compilers, assemblers and other software to the various users of the
computer systems.
Continue……

15. Device Driver
• A device driver (aka driver) is software provided by a hardware
maker that tells the computer's operating system exactly how to
work with that hardware.
• Device driver is actually a communication medium between
device and the computer.
• It loads every time in memory.
• When a new device is added the driver should be installed in
order to run the program .

16. Utility Software
• System utility software is a set of tools that helps configure,
analyze and optimize computer resources to help users
perform multiple tasks efficiently.
• Utility software focuses on computer components such as
hardware, software, operating system, and storage parts.
• It is a program that performs a specific task, which is usually
related to managing the system resources.
• Utilities are sometimes also installed as memory-resident
programs.

17. Types of Utility Software
•System utility
•File Management Utilities
•Storage Device Management Utilities
•Miscellaneous Utilities
•Backup Utilities
•Antivirus
•Data Synchronization Tools
•File Management System
•Disk Management Tools
•Disk Clean-Up Tool
•Debuggers
•Screen Savers
•Clipboard Managers
•Disk Space Analyzers
•Network Utilities
•System Monitors.
•System Profilers
•Cryptographic Utilities
•Registry Cleaners

18. Language Processor
• Computer understands only machine language. A program
written in high level or assembly language cannot be run on a
computer directly. It must be converted into machine
language before execution.
• Language processor or translator is a software that converts
these programs into machine language.
• A language processor is a software program designed or used
to perform tasks such as processing program code to
machine code. Language processors are found in languages
such as Fortan and COBOL.
• A language translator bridges an execution gap to machine
language (or assembly language) of a computer system.

19. Types of Language Processor
• A translator is a programming language processor
that converts a computer program from one
language to another.
• There are three types of language translator:
▪ Assembler
▪ Compiler
▪ Interpreter

20. Compiler
• Compiler is a computer program that translates a high level
language into a machine code in a single operation.
• It report all errors of program along with the line numbers •
• After all the errors are removed the program is recompiled and
an executable file is made which is compiler independent
• The language processor that reads the complete source
program written in high-level language as a whole in one go and
translates it into an equivalent program in machine language is
called a Compiler.
• Example: C, C++, C#, Java.
• In a compiler, the source code is translated to object code
successfully if it is free of errors.
• The compiler specifies the errors at the end of the compilation
with line numbers when there are any errors in the source code.
• The errors must be removed before the compiler can
successfully recompile the source code again

21. Assembler
• The Assembler is used to translate the program written in Assembly
language into machine code.
• The source program is an input of an assembler that contains
assembly language instructions.
• The output generated by the assembler is the object code or
machine code understandable by the computer. Assembler is
basically the 1st interface that is able to communicate humans with
the machine.
• Code written in assembly language is some sort of Mnemonics
(instructions) like ADD, MUL, MUX, SUB, DIV, MOV and so on. and the
assembler is basically able to convert these mnemonics in Binary
code.
• For example, the architecture of intel 8085 and intel 8086 are
different.

22. Interpreter
• The translation of a single statement of the source program
into machine code is done by a language processor and
executes immediately before moving on to the next line is
called an interpreter.
• If there is an error in the statement, the interpreter terminates
its translating process at that statement and displays an error
message.
• The interpreter moves on to the next line for execution only
after the removal of the error.
• An Interpreter directly executes instructions written in a
programming or scripting language without previously
converting them to an object code or machine code.
• Example: Perl, Python and Matlab.

23. Compiler Interpreter
A compiler is a program that converts the
entire source code of a programming
language into executable machine code
for a CPU.
An interpreter takes a source program
and runs it line by line, translating each
line as it comes to it
The compiler takes a large amount of
time to analyze the entire source code but
the overall execution time of the program
is comparatively faster.
An interpreter takes less amount of time
to analyze the source code but the overall
execution time of the program is slower.
The compiler requires a lot of memory for
generating object codes.
It requires less memory than a compiler
because no object code is generated.
For Security purpose compiler is more
useful.
The interpreter is a little vulnerable in
case of security.
Examples: C, C++, Java Examples: Python, Perl, JavaScript, Ruby
Difference between Compiler and interpreter

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Application Software
▪ An application program (app or application for short) is a computer
program designed to carry out a specific task other than one relating to
the operation of the computer itself, typically to be used by end-users.
▪ Applications software (also called end-user programs) include such
things as database programs, word processors, Web browsers and
spreadsheets.
▪ Examples of an application include a word processor and a media player.

25. Form of Application Software
▪ Package Software
• Packaged software is a collection of programs that
perform similar functions or have similar features.
• For example, Microsoft Office includes multiple
applications such as Excel, Word, and PowerPoint.

26. Form of Application Software
▪ Customized software
• Customized software is software that is specially
developed for some specific organization or other
user.
• For example:- Company ,banking business,
Attendance system.

27. S.No Key System Software Application Software
1 Definition
System Software is the type of software
which is the interface between
application software and system.
Application Software is the type of software
which runs as per user request. It runs on the
platform which is provide by system software.
2
Development
Language
They are developed in low level
language which is more compatible with
the system hardware in order to interact
with.
They are developed in high level language and
used for development as they are developed as
some specific purpose software.
3 Usage
Itis used for operating computer
hardware
It is used by user to perform specific task.
4 Installation
They are installed on the computer when
operating system is installed.
They are installed according to user’s
requirements.
5 User interaction
They are specific to system hardware so
less or no user interaction available in
case of system software.
Application software user can interacts with it as
user interface is available in this case.
6. Dependency
They can run independently. It provides
platform for running application software.
They can’t run independently. They can’t run
without the presence of system software..
7 Examples
Compiler, assembler, debugger, driver,
etc.
Word processor, web browser, media player,
etc.

29. Open Source Software
• Open source software is software with source code that anyone
can inspect, modify, and enhance.
• "Source code" is the part of software that most computer users
don't ever see; it's the code computer programmers can
manipulate to change how a piece of software—a "program" or
"application"—works.
• Programmers who have access to a computer program's source
code can improve that program by adding features to it or fixing
parts that don't always work correctly.
• Examples: Linux, Moodle, Wordpress, Drupal etc

30. Cloud Application
• A cloud application is an Internet-based program where some, or
all, of the processing logic and data storage is processed in the
cloud.
• Cloud applications are software that users access primarily
through the internet, meaning at least some of it is managed by
a server and not users' local machines.
• The user interacts with the application via a web browser or a
mobile application, and the data processing is managed by a
combination of the local device and a cloud computing solution.
• From the user’s perspective, the cloud application behaves like a
standard website, but the computing and data processing are
handled by the cloud via an API (application program interface)
or a hybrid of both.

31. Mobile Application
• Also called mobile apps, it is a term used to
describe Internet applications that run on smartphones and
other mobile devices.
• Mobile applications frequently serve to provide users with similar
services to those accessed on PCs.
• Apps are generally small, individual software units with limited
function.
• Mobile applications usually help users by connecting them to
Internet services more commonly accessed
on desktop or notebook computers, or help them by making it
easier to use the Internet on their portable devices.
• This use of app software was originally popularized by Apple Inc.
and its App Store, which offers thousands of applications for the
iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch.

32. Thank you
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