Introduction to computer

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Introduction To
Computer
P r e p a r e d b y : R o s h a n M a h a r j a n

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Introduction
• Computer derived from Latin word COMPUTE.
• Webster’s Dictionary defines “computer” as any
programmable electronic device that can store,
retrieve, and process data.
• An electronic device, operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can
accept data, manipulate the data according to
specified rules, produce information from the
processing, and store the results for future use.
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Importance of computer
Computers are part of every industry and without it the
whole world will freeze:
• Computers help industries by making their employees
productive and efficient.
• Computers in schools will help the students to understand
better with audio and videos.
• Computers in universities will help the researchers and
professors to do their calculation
• computers are helping doctors in diagnosing the disease
efficiently and quickly.
• Farmers use innovations in computer technology to
determine best time to plant, fertilize, harvest…
• People corresponds with friends in social media.
• Computers are used in film industry.
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Information Processing Cycle
• Information processing cycle is a sequence of events consisting
of Input, Processing, Storage & Output.
• Four Phases of the information processing cycle
1. Input: Computer receives data and instructions.
2. Process: Computer applies instructions to data to produce
information (organized Data).
3. Storage: Saving the information for a subsequent use or use
in future.
4. Output: Computer sends information to people in a usable
format.
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Information Processing Cycle
Information
Process
Cycle
Input
Process
Storage
Output

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Stages of Data Processing Cycle
• Input:
Input is any data that a computer collects from the
outside world. Input cycle involves data capturing, data
collection and data checking and converting data in
machine readable form.
• Processing:
Processing is a systematic series of actions that a
computer uses to convert input to output. This cycle
involves calculation, comparisons, classification,
summarizations, sorting and storing of information.
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Continue…….
• Output:
Output is any computer information displayed on
the screen or printed on paper. This cycle involves
retrieval of output, conversion of it in human readable
form and directing to the output device.
• Storage:
Storage is the last stage where data and
information are held for future use. This cycle allows
quick access and retrieval of the information and
allowing it to be passed on to next stage when needed.
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Data Processing Cycle
Input
Process
Output
Storage

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Strengths of computer
Storage Speed Accuracy Dilligence Automatic
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Strengths of computer
• Speed:
Computer works at an amazing speed without any
mistake. A modern computer can execute billions of instructions in
one second. The computer’s speed can be measured in terms of
milliseconds, microseconds, nanoseconds and picoseconds.
• Accuracy:
A computer is highly accurate and the degree of accuracy
of a particular computer depend upon its design. A very small
percentage of its errors due to component malfunctioning and the
errors caused due to incorrect input data or unreliable program
are often called as GIGO.
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Continue ……
• Automatic:
A computer is automatic. It executes the process without any
intervention of the user once it is assigned to work. It works from a
program which specify exactly how a particular job is to be done.
• Storage:
Computer store vast amount of information. You can quickly
and efficiently organize and search information, making for easier
retrieval than paper storage. The storage capacity can be expressed
in kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte, petabyte etc.
• Diligent:
Computers does not suffer from tiredness and lack of
concentration. The computer is capable of performing complex
operation for a long period of time repeatedly at the same level of
speed and accuracy.
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Continue ……
• Mobility:
Researchers can take computer anywhere, making it
easier to conduct field research and collect data. New areas of
research in remote areas are opened up by the mobility of
computers.
• Versatile:
Computer can perform more then one task at a time, it
can do a set of repetitive jobs more efficiently, it has the ability
to perform several types of jobs or tasks like audio, graphic,
visual characters, etc at same time.
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Impacts of Computer
• Computers have impacted the way we live on a large scale.
• You will find computers in hospitals, libraries, schools and banks, each
running tasks that would be difficult for people to do on their own.
• Computers serve as a quick and convenient way to get things done.
• As computer technology advances, the effects will continue to change
the world for better or worse.
• Unfortunately, using computers can also bring many negative effects for
your overall health.

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Positive Impacts:
• Positive Effects on Learning
People have access to a wealth of information on computers,
without having to drive to the library for research. Wireless
technology allows people to obtain information within minutes. The
Internet contains online dictionaries, encyclopedias and a wide
variety of games and software for learning math, reading, science
and history. Many online videos teach skills, such as learning a
language.
• Positive Effects on Social Behavior
Computers offer many opportunities to meet new people.
There are many social networking sites that let people connect with
others. People can communicate in a variety of ways, date people
and reconnect with old friends and classmates. The Internet can help
people find others with common interests, form bonds with strangers
and expand their social network.
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Continue….
• Positive Effects of Computers on our Personal Life
o Genealogy
o Reconnecting with friends
o Easier/Faster communication
o Catalog pictures
o Games
o Access to information
• Positive Effects of Computers on our Professional Life
o Training online
o Job Work faster
o More affiant
o Easier access to information
o Meetings at a company are reduced
o Manage payroll, accounts receivable, taxes • Control inventory 15

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Continue….
• Positive Effects of Computers on our Academic Life
o Distance learner
o Can study day or night
o More resources to information
o Video conferences
o Access to your courses
• Overall Positive Impacts
o Reducing cost / number of staff needed
o Reducing amount of hardware (printers) due to LAN networking.
o Fun - games, Internet, music, graphics. Communication.
o More ways to interact globally.
o Education - access to info for research. 16

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Negative Impacts:
• Negative Effects on Physical Health
o Less participation in physical activities
o Experiences eye and back strain
o Computers can create turmoil for users by reacting slowly or
suffering from viruses and other problems, requiring repair.
o Increase in stress level and overall health.
• Children and Exposure to Adult Material
o Vulnerable of finding highly explicit adult material.
o Pornography is easily accessible to children.
o Risk of learning about different type of drugs
o Easily learn different ways of committing crimes.
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Continue…
• Exposure to Radiation
o Many computers have CRT, or Cathode Ray Tube, monitors
that give off X-ray radiation that can affect your health.
o Being exposed to computer radiation can cause cancer,
tumors, miscarriage and birth defects, headaches and
insomnia
• Addiction
o Computers also give you access to a wide variety of
information and entertainment.
o Becomes addicted to online activities like reading articles and
researching for fun, playing online games, visiting chat rooms,
gambling or even pornography or cybersex.
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Continue…
• Negative Effects of Computers on our Personal Life
o Spend more time on the computer than with your family
o Addiction-less interaction with people
o Faster communication may not be better communication
o Identity theft
• Overall Negative Impacts
o Spammers are annoying.
o Hackers can ruin your computer system.
o Hackers, ID fraud and spoof websites,
o Viruses, spam and Trojans.
o Cyber-bullying and cyber-stalking.
o Online gambling.
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Negative Impacts:
• Zero IQ :
Since the computer is a dump machine with zero IQ because
it needs to be told each and every step to perform any of the type of
certain task or action.
• Lack of decision making power or Dependency
Computer can not make any decision on there on because it
have not any mind like humans, but soon things might change as
artificial intelligence a new invention of science is working on
modifying the ability of the computer.
• No feelings
The computer do not have any feelings.
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“
Study While
Others are sleeping
Work While
others are loafing
Prepare While
others are playing
and
Dream While
others are wishing”
- William Arthur Ward 21

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Thank you
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Introduction to computer

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