Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) refers to the integration of business, engineering, manufacturing and management information that spans company functions from marketing to product distribution. The CASA/SME CIM Wheel provides an overview of CIM and identifies six key elements: the central role of the customer, people and teamwork, shared knowledge and systems, key processes, resources and responsibilities, and the manufacturing infrastructure. CIM aims to integrate these elements across the enterprise through computing systems, software, data integration and networks to achieve benefits like reduced costs and lead times through coordinated activities.

1. Computer Integrated
Manufacturing

2. Introduction
• focus on the word ‘Integrated’ not on the word
‘computer’

3. Formal Definition
• “The integration of business, engineering, manufacturing
and management information that spans company
functions from marketing to product distribution.”
Harrington
• Originally, to integrate what had already been
computerized.
• Shop floor processes
• Manufacturing engineering planning of those processes
• Production planning and control of both the shop floor and
the materials used.

4. Synonyms
• CIE - computer integrated enterprise
• CIME - computer integrated manufacturing
enterprise
• CIM means many different things to many
different people.

5. CASA/SME CIM Wheel
From CASA/SME

6. CASA/SME CIM wheel is a good
overview of CIM
• Revised version (quality no longer separate)
• No hierarchy
• Which are aided by CIM?

7. CASA/SME CIM Wheel (background)
• 1985 - The Computer and Automated Systems Association of
the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (CASA/SME)
published its vision of enterprise-wide teaming--the CIM
Enterprise Wheel
• 1992 - New Manufacturing Enterprise Wheel. This updated
vision preserves the understanding gained from the previous
CIM Enterprise Wheel. The old Wheel looked primarily at
automation and integration inside the enterprise. The new
Wheel looks outside as well. It adds understanding in these
six areas:

8. CASA/SME CIM Wheel (background)
• The central role of a customer-oriented mission and vision to strive for continuous
improvement.
• The importance of teams and human networking in the new manufacturing
environment.
• The continuing importance of computer tools, now increasingly distributed and
networked. This includes tools to support networking and concurrent engineering.
• A focus on key processes and best practices throughout the enterprise, from
marketing through design, manufacturing, and customer support.
• Recognition of the move away from bureaucratic structures, to leaner and more
agile organizations.
• The need to integrate an understanding of the external environment, including
customers, competitors, suppliers, and the global manufacturing infrastructure.

9. Wheel - Six Elements
• The new Manufacturing Enterprise Wheel
describes six fundamental elements for
competitive manufacturing:
– The central role of the customer and evolving customer needs.
– The role of people and teamwork in the organization.
– The revolutionary impact of shared knowledge and systems to support people
and processes.
– Key processes from product definition through manufacturing and customer
support.
– Enterprise resources (inputs) and responsibilities (outputs).

10. Wheel - customer centered
• A customer-centered mission provides a clear
direction to align activities and empowers the
work of teams in the new manufacturing
enterprise.

11. Wheel - people
• The central role of people in the organization
forms the inner circle of the Wheel. The
enterprise is only as strong as its people,
organization, and culture.

12. Wheel-Shared Knowledge and
Systems

13. Wheel - Processes

14. Wheel - 15 Processes
PRODUCT/PROCESS DEFINITION
1) Business Definition
2) System Design
3) Component Design
4) Continuous Improvement
5) Documentation and Release
MANUFACTURING (/Service)
6) Resource Planning
7) Operations Planning
8) Component Fabrication
9) Assembly and Test
10) Material Management
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
11) Global Organization
12) Distribution
13) Sales and Promotion
14) Customer Services
15) Life-Cycle Transitions

15. Wheel - Concurrent Engineering

16. Wheel - Virtual Enterprise

17. Wheel - Virtual Enterprise
Product/Process Definition Manufacturing Customer Support
1 Business Definition 6 Resource Planning 11 Global Organization
2 System Design 7 Operations Planning 12 Distribution
3 Component Design 8 Component Fabrication 13 Sales and Promotion
4 Continuous Improvement 9 Assembly and Test 14 Customer Services
5 Documentation and Release 10 Material Management 15 Life-Cycle Transitions
how well, not who
performs each of the activities of the processes

18. Wheel - Resources

19. Wheel - Manufacturing Infrastructure
•Workforce
•Investment
•Transportation
•Communication
•Suppliers
•Schools
•Research
•Government Support
Infrastructure separates top manufacturing regions and
countries from others.

20. Wheel

21. Mfg Buzzword Bingo

22. the CIM Jigsaw - what’s missing?
Computing
Systems
Software
(CAD, etc.)
Manufacturing
CAM
Info and Data
Activity
Integration
and
Networks
Protocols
and
Standards
Implementation

23. Why CIM?
• Because It Is Cool - NO!
• Because Everyone Else Is -No!
• CIM Is Not An End, It Is The Means To An End
• Must Be Linked To Strategy!

24. Why CIM - to meet competitive
pressures
• To reduce lead times
• To reduce costs
• To reduce inventory (or need for)

25. Why CIM - to coordinate and organize
data
• Functional - about organization (still important)
• Product - about parts
• Operational - plan or instructions
• Performance - reporting on performance

26. Why CIM - others
• To eliminate paper
• Automate communication
• Simultaneous engineering (IPD)
• Because it is possible?

27. What is Integrated?
• Parts indistinguishable?
• No, seamlessly linked is what we mean

28. Integration - linked

29. EDI - Electronic Data Interchange
EDI : Electronic Data Interchange -
(1) The subject of electronic data exchange and sharing generally, or
(2) Electronic data and/or document interchange format (X12), particularly in a
purchasing context.
EDIF : Electronic Data Interchange Format
A neutral file specification for the transfer of electronic CAD/CAM data.
EDIFACT : Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce & Trade
A standard for commercial transactions between (differing) computer systems
of different commercial organizations.
Although we often talk of EDI applied to exchange of technical information it is properly used to
describe commercial transactions such as the passing of invoices. Standards for EDI exist and
are widely used. UN EDIFACT is becoming the accepted standard for this type of transaction.
When technical information is exchanged between computer systems (see the item on
datasheets), this is really a sub-set of technical data sharing. In these circumstances we should
use the term technical EDI, or TEDI.

30. Islands of Automation
Local optimization

31. MAP/TOP/STEP
•Only 15% of over 40,000 systems can communicate
•Cost of communication is 50% of total
•Wiring costs occur when new systems are installed or retooled
•Custom software is needed to interface two processes
•Programmable equipment increasing rapidly
•Single largest roadblock to future automation of plants

32. MAP
• Based on Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
• Seven layer broadband token-bus communication spec
• MAP and TOP always connected, differ in applications
• GM has 8 plants running MAP with 25 (1990 )
• GM installing MAP as they overhaul plant
• Tests on Ethernet
• Lotus 1-2-3 "Factory" has MAP protocols

33. TOP
• Exchange of info in electronic mail,
• Word processing,
• File transfer,
• Graphics,
• Database management,
• Business analysis tools

34. TOP objectives
• Allow the interconnection of multiple office local-area networks (LANs),
which could be connected to wide-area networks (WANs) and digital
private-branch exchanges (PBXs) for long-distance communications
• Specify existing or emerging international and industry standards
• Make possible an office communications network in which equipment from
multiple suppliers can be used
• Facilitate free and easy data access and the interchange of data by equipment
from different suppliers
• Lower office systems costs by reducing the need for multiple cables and
customized networking software
• Improve the flexibility and adaptability of production systems to meet
changing demands
• Shorten the lead time for designing and implementing integrated office
systems