The document discusses computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS). It defines CIMS as the integration of the total manufacturing enterprise using integrated systems and data communication coupled with new managerial philosophies. The document outlines the specific objectives to be covered, which include defining CIMS and automation, discussing the evolution of CIMS, and describing the elements and relationship between automation and CIMS. It also provides definitions of CIMS from industry organizations and outlines the major hardware and software elements of CIMS.
CIM is the architecture for integrating the engineering, marketing and manufacturing functions through information technologies. In the broad
sense, CIM involves the integration of all the business processes from supplier to end consumer.
Aircraft refrigeration system (air cooling system)Ripuranjan Singh
Aircraft air refrigeration systems are required due to heat transfer from many external and internal heat sources (like solar radiation and avionics) which increase the cabin air temperature. With the technological developments in high-speed passenger and jet aircraft's, the air refrigeration systems are proving to be most efficient, compact and simple. Various types of aircraft air refrigeration systems used these days are.
Simple air cooling system
Simple air evaporative cooling system
Boot strap air cooling system
Boot strap air evaporative cooling system
Reduced ambient air cooling system
Regenerative air cooling system
COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCY AND TURBINE EFFICIENCY.
Comparison of Various Air Cooling Systems used for Aircraft ON basis of dart
This document provides an overview of group technology (GT) in manufacturing. It defines GT as an approach that groups similar parts into families to take advantage of their common design and production processes. The key benefits of GT include reduced setup times and inventory costs through specialized machine cells for each part family. While identifying appropriate part families and rearranging production equipment into cells can be challenging initially, GT aims to improve manufacturing efficiency through standardization and reduced material handling.
This document provides an overview of Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP). It discusses the general steps in CAPP, including design input, material selection, and cost estimation. It describes two main approaches to CAPP: variant CAPP, which retrieves and modifies existing process plans; and generative CAPP, which generates new plans using decision logic and algorithms. The advantages of CAPP are reducing time/costs and increasing consistency and productivity. The disadvantages include difficulty maintaining consistency and accounting for all manufacturing factors in variant CAPP, and high initial costs compared to manual planning.
This document discusses low cost automation techniques that can be used to improve productivity in manufacturing while requiring lower capital investments than more advanced automated systems. It introduces the concept of low cost automation as using simple pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical devices to automate existing production machinery. The document outlines several ways to achieve low cost automation, including through the use of mechanisms, pneumatics, electromechanical systems, electro-pneumatic systems, and hydro-pneumatic presses. The goal of low cost automation is to increase productivity and quality while reducing costs and labor needs.
Introduction of computer aided manufacturing.pptxChirag Patel
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) involves using computer systems to control manufacturing processes. It can help increase flexibility, reduce waste, and allow for smaller production lots. CAM evolved from numerical control in the 1950s and the development of computer-aided design. Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) takes the integration further by combining computer technologies to manage all business and manufacturing functions as a single system, including design, planning, production, and business processes. CIM aims to make production more efficient, productive, and cost-effective through complete integration and automation.
CIM is the architecture for integrating the engineering, marketing and manufacturing functions through information technologies. In the broad
sense, CIM involves the integration of all the business processes from supplier to end consumer.
Aircraft refrigeration system (air cooling system)Ripuranjan Singh
Aircraft air refrigeration systems are required due to heat transfer from many external and internal heat sources (like solar radiation and avionics) which increase the cabin air temperature. With the technological developments in high-speed passenger and jet aircraft's, the air refrigeration systems are proving to be most efficient, compact and simple. Various types of aircraft air refrigeration systems used these days are.
Simple air cooling system
Simple air evaporative cooling system
Boot strap air cooling system
Boot strap air evaporative cooling system
Reduced ambient air cooling system
Regenerative air cooling system
COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCY AND TURBINE EFFICIENCY.
Comparison of Various Air Cooling Systems used for Aircraft ON basis of dart
This document provides an overview of group technology (GT) in manufacturing. It defines GT as an approach that groups similar parts into families to take advantage of their common design and production processes. The key benefits of GT include reduced setup times and inventory costs through specialized machine cells for each part family. While identifying appropriate part families and rearranging production equipment into cells can be challenging initially, GT aims to improve manufacturing efficiency through standardization and reduced material handling.
This document provides an overview of Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP). It discusses the general steps in CAPP, including design input, material selection, and cost estimation. It describes two main approaches to CAPP: variant CAPP, which retrieves and modifies existing process plans; and generative CAPP, which generates new plans using decision logic and algorithms. The advantages of CAPP are reducing time/costs and increasing consistency and productivity. The disadvantages include difficulty maintaining consistency and accounting for all manufacturing factors in variant CAPP, and high initial costs compared to manual planning.
This document discusses low cost automation techniques that can be used to improve productivity in manufacturing while requiring lower capital investments than more advanced automated systems. It introduces the concept of low cost automation as using simple pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical devices to automate existing production machinery. The document outlines several ways to achieve low cost automation, including through the use of mechanisms, pneumatics, electromechanical systems, electro-pneumatic systems, and hydro-pneumatic presses. The goal of low cost automation is to increase productivity and quality while reducing costs and labor needs.
Introduction of computer aided manufacturing.pptxChirag Patel
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) involves using computer systems to control manufacturing processes. It can help increase flexibility, reduce waste, and allow for smaller production lots. CAM evolved from numerical control in the 1950s and the development of computer-aided design. Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) takes the integration further by combining computer technologies to manage all business and manufacturing functions as a single system, including design, planning, production, and business processes. CIM aims to make production more efficient, productive, and cost-effective through complete integration and automation.
Introduction ,FMS Equipment,FMS Layouts ,Analysis Methods for FMS,,advantages of fms,comparison of fms to conventional methods,applications.Benefits of fms.
The document presents information on a bootstrap air cooling system suitable for aircraft. It consists of two heat exchangers, a secondary compressor driven by a turbine, and uses ram air and compression to cool and circulate air. Ambient air is compressed by the main aircraft compressor then cooled in an air cooler before further compression and cooling. It is then expanded through a turbine to provide cooled air to the aircraft cabin. Advantages are that air is readily available, non-toxic, and pressures are low. A limitation is that it requires aircraft flight for ram air cooling and is not suitable for ground use without an additional fan.
APT stands for Automatically Programmed Tool. It is a language that defines the tool path with respect to the part
geometry, and often forms the basis for post-processor generated NC files.
The document describes a G-code program for turning operations. The program contains 10 lines of code that perform various tool motions including rapid positioning, facing, plane turning, and taper turning operations. The final line ends the program.
The document discusses refrigeration systems used in aircraft. It describes several types of air refrigeration systems:
1) Simple systems use compressed air cooled by a turbine-driven fan for ground cooling.
2) Bootstrap systems add a secondary compressor driven by the turbine to increase cooling capacity for high-speed aircraft.
3) Regenerative systems further cool air in a secondary heat exchanger using bled refrigerated air.
4) Reduced ambient systems use two turbines, one for cabin air and one for cooling air, driven by a single fan to cool air below ambient temperatures for supersonic aircraft.
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) involves integrating all enterprise operations around a common data repository using integrated systems and communications. This allows individual manufacturing processes to exchange information and initiate actions, facilitating automation and improving efficiency, quality, and responsiveness. While CIM provides benefits like reduced costs and lead times, its implementation requires significant changes to corporate culture and systems.
The document describes an additive manufacturing course, including its textbooks, learning outcomes, and modules. Specifically:
- The course covers additive manufacturing processes using polymers, powders, and nanomaterials. Students will analyze characterization techniques and describe NC/CNC programming and automation.
- Module 1 introduces additive manufacturing, covering its evolution, processes, classifications, post-processing, guidelines for process selection, and applications.
- The module discusses the additive manufacturing process chain from CAD to part build and removal, and classifies AM into liquid polymer, particle, molten material, and solid sheet systems.
Need for cooling of an aircraft. types of air-refrigeration system, DART, Advantages of air refrigeration system, Open and closed cycle air refrigeration,
Effect of compressor suction pressure in Vapor Compression Refrigeration Syst...Sharath Kumar
here in this presentation we will be discussing about Effect of compressor suction pressure in Vapor Compression Refrigeration System under Suction Discharge and Evaporator
The society of manufacturing engineers (SME) Defines CIM is integration of the total manufacturing enterprise through the use of integrated systems and data communications coupled with the new managerial philosophies that improve organizational and personal efficiency. CIM combines various technologies like computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) to provide an error-free manufacturing process that reduces manual labor and automates repetitive tasks.
The document discusses different types of compressors used to compress gases. It describes positive displacement compressors like reciprocating, screw, and rotary vane compressors which work by reducing the gas volume. Dynamic compressors like centrifugal compressors are also discussed which increase gas pressure using an impeller. Key components, working principles, advantages and disadvantages of reciprocating, screw, rotary vane and centrifugal compressors are summarized. Selection factors for compressors like required pressure, flow rates, piston speed and system layout are also highlighted.
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) consist of interconnected computer-controlled machines and automated material handling systems. An FMS allows for mixed production and variation in parts, assembly, and processes. It includes processing workstations, an automated transport and storage system, and a computer control system that coordinates the activities. FMS provides benefits like decreased lead times, increased throughput and quality, and reduced costs. However, FMS implementation requires substantial investment and planning to address technological and coordination challenges.
This document discusses graphic standards and provides details about GKS, CORE, IGES, and their use. It explains that GKS is an international standard for 2D graphics and describes its primitives like polyline and text. It also discusses IGES for exchanging CAD models between different software packages through a neutral file format. The document includes an example of drawing a duck using GKS primitives and an IGES file case study.
There are 5 main methods of supercharging internal combustion engines:
1) The compressor is driven directly by the engine using a belt or gears.
2) The compressor is driven by an exhaust gas turbine, with no direct mechanical connection to the engine. This is known as a turbocharger.
3) The compressor is driven by an external power source separate from the engine.
4) The engine drives both the compressor and a free turbine, with the turbine power used for an external load. This is known as a generator type supercharging.
5) The engine, compressor, and turbine are all directly coupled together using gears, with the turbine helping to drive the compressor under part load conditions on the engine
This document discusses adaptive control systems for machining. It defines adaptive control as a feedback system that automatically adjusts machining variables like cutting speed and feed rate based on actual process conditions. The three main functions of adaptive control are identification, decision, and modification. Adaptive control systems are classified as adaptive control with optimization, which uses a performance index, or adaptive control with constraints, which maximizes variables within set limits. Benefits include increased production and tool life, while limitations include lack of reliable tool sensors and standardized interfaces with CNC units.
What is process planning .Difficulties in traditional process planning,CAPP Model,Types of CAPP ,1.Retrieval type CAPP (variant) systems.
2.Generative CAPP systems.
3.Hybrid CAPP systems.
Process planning system , Machinability data systems , Benefits of CAPP
The document discusses different methods of NC part programming including manual part programming, computer-assisted part programming, manual data input, NC programming using CAD/CAM, and computer automated part programming. It also provides details on punched tape formats, G-codes and M-codes used in NC part programming.
Computer-aided design (CAD) uses computer software to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, and optimization of a design. CAD helps designers draft technical drawings and 3D models more quickly and accurately. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) uses CAD files to control machine tools and automate the production process. Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) takes automation a step further by integrating all aspects of manufacturing, including planning and quality control.
The document discusses flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). It provides a history of FMS, describing how the concept originated in the 1960s and was first implemented by companies in the US, Germany, Russia, and Japan. It defines an FMS as an automated machine cell consisting of interconnected processing workstations and automated material handling. FMS offers benefits like reduced costs, optimized cycle times, and flexibility to handle different part styles and quick changeovers. It classifies FMS based on the number of machines and describes common components and layouts of FMS. Potential applications and advantages are also outlined, along with challenges associated with implementing FMS.
This document provides an introduction to Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) systems. It discusses how CIM uses dedicated software packages to integrate all product development and manufacturing functions. Data is passed seamlessly between applications. CIM aims to reduce human errors by automating manufacturing segments. It takes a holistic, methodological approach to improve performance through cost reduction, quality improvement, and flexibility. The document then outlines the evolution of CIM from early numerical control to modern computer-aided design and manufacturing technologies. It describes the necessary CIM hardware and software components to fully integrate manufacturing functions.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) encompasses the entire product development and manufacturing process through dedicated software. CIM uses a common database and communication technologies to integrate design, manufacturing, and business functions. This reduces human involvement and errors. CIM aims to vastly improve manufacturing performance through an integrated, methodological approach. It connects previously separate automation "islands" into a distributed processing system to maximize efficiency. However, full CIM implementation faces challenges regarding integration of different machine components and protocols, ensuring data integrity for safe machine control, and providing competent human oversight of computer process control.
Introduction ,FMS Equipment,FMS Layouts ,Analysis Methods for FMS,,advantages of fms,comparison of fms to conventional methods,applications.Benefits of fms.
The document presents information on a bootstrap air cooling system suitable for aircraft. It consists of two heat exchangers, a secondary compressor driven by a turbine, and uses ram air and compression to cool and circulate air. Ambient air is compressed by the main aircraft compressor then cooled in an air cooler before further compression and cooling. It is then expanded through a turbine to provide cooled air to the aircraft cabin. Advantages are that air is readily available, non-toxic, and pressures are low. A limitation is that it requires aircraft flight for ram air cooling and is not suitable for ground use without an additional fan.
APT stands for Automatically Programmed Tool. It is a language that defines the tool path with respect to the part
geometry, and often forms the basis for post-processor generated NC files.
The document describes a G-code program for turning operations. The program contains 10 lines of code that perform various tool motions including rapid positioning, facing, plane turning, and taper turning operations. The final line ends the program.
The document discusses refrigeration systems used in aircraft. It describes several types of air refrigeration systems:
1) Simple systems use compressed air cooled by a turbine-driven fan for ground cooling.
2) Bootstrap systems add a secondary compressor driven by the turbine to increase cooling capacity for high-speed aircraft.
3) Regenerative systems further cool air in a secondary heat exchanger using bled refrigerated air.
4) Reduced ambient systems use two turbines, one for cabin air and one for cooling air, driven by a single fan to cool air below ambient temperatures for supersonic aircraft.
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) involves integrating all enterprise operations around a common data repository using integrated systems and communications. This allows individual manufacturing processes to exchange information and initiate actions, facilitating automation and improving efficiency, quality, and responsiveness. While CIM provides benefits like reduced costs and lead times, its implementation requires significant changes to corporate culture and systems.
The document describes an additive manufacturing course, including its textbooks, learning outcomes, and modules. Specifically:
- The course covers additive manufacturing processes using polymers, powders, and nanomaterials. Students will analyze characterization techniques and describe NC/CNC programming and automation.
- Module 1 introduces additive manufacturing, covering its evolution, processes, classifications, post-processing, guidelines for process selection, and applications.
- The module discusses the additive manufacturing process chain from CAD to part build and removal, and classifies AM into liquid polymer, particle, molten material, and solid sheet systems.
Need for cooling of an aircraft. types of air-refrigeration system, DART, Advantages of air refrigeration system, Open and closed cycle air refrigeration,
Effect of compressor suction pressure in Vapor Compression Refrigeration Syst...Sharath Kumar
here in this presentation we will be discussing about Effect of compressor suction pressure in Vapor Compression Refrigeration System under Suction Discharge and Evaporator
The society of manufacturing engineers (SME) Defines CIM is integration of the total manufacturing enterprise through the use of integrated systems and data communications coupled with the new managerial philosophies that improve organizational and personal efficiency. CIM combines various technologies like computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) to provide an error-free manufacturing process that reduces manual labor and automates repetitive tasks.
The document discusses different types of compressors used to compress gases. It describes positive displacement compressors like reciprocating, screw, and rotary vane compressors which work by reducing the gas volume. Dynamic compressors like centrifugal compressors are also discussed which increase gas pressure using an impeller. Key components, working principles, advantages and disadvantages of reciprocating, screw, rotary vane and centrifugal compressors are summarized. Selection factors for compressors like required pressure, flow rates, piston speed and system layout are also highlighted.
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) consist of interconnected computer-controlled machines and automated material handling systems. An FMS allows for mixed production and variation in parts, assembly, and processes. It includes processing workstations, an automated transport and storage system, and a computer control system that coordinates the activities. FMS provides benefits like decreased lead times, increased throughput and quality, and reduced costs. However, FMS implementation requires substantial investment and planning to address technological and coordination challenges.
This document discusses graphic standards and provides details about GKS, CORE, IGES, and their use. It explains that GKS is an international standard for 2D graphics and describes its primitives like polyline and text. It also discusses IGES for exchanging CAD models between different software packages through a neutral file format. The document includes an example of drawing a duck using GKS primitives and an IGES file case study.
There are 5 main methods of supercharging internal combustion engines:
1) The compressor is driven directly by the engine using a belt or gears.
2) The compressor is driven by an exhaust gas turbine, with no direct mechanical connection to the engine. This is known as a turbocharger.
3) The compressor is driven by an external power source separate from the engine.
4) The engine drives both the compressor and a free turbine, with the turbine power used for an external load. This is known as a generator type supercharging.
5) The engine, compressor, and turbine are all directly coupled together using gears, with the turbine helping to drive the compressor under part load conditions on the engine
This document discusses adaptive control systems for machining. It defines adaptive control as a feedback system that automatically adjusts machining variables like cutting speed and feed rate based on actual process conditions. The three main functions of adaptive control are identification, decision, and modification. Adaptive control systems are classified as adaptive control with optimization, which uses a performance index, or adaptive control with constraints, which maximizes variables within set limits. Benefits include increased production and tool life, while limitations include lack of reliable tool sensors and standardized interfaces with CNC units.
What is process planning .Difficulties in traditional process planning,CAPP Model,Types of CAPP ,1.Retrieval type CAPP (variant) systems.
2.Generative CAPP systems.
3.Hybrid CAPP systems.
Process planning system , Machinability data systems , Benefits of CAPP
The document discusses different methods of NC part programming including manual part programming, computer-assisted part programming, manual data input, NC programming using CAD/CAM, and computer automated part programming. It also provides details on punched tape formats, G-codes and M-codes used in NC part programming.
Computer-aided design (CAD) uses computer software to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, and optimization of a design. CAD helps designers draft technical drawings and 3D models more quickly and accurately. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) uses CAD files to control machine tools and automate the production process. Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) takes automation a step further by integrating all aspects of manufacturing, including planning and quality control.
The document discusses flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). It provides a history of FMS, describing how the concept originated in the 1960s and was first implemented by companies in the US, Germany, Russia, and Japan. It defines an FMS as an automated machine cell consisting of interconnected processing workstations and automated material handling. FMS offers benefits like reduced costs, optimized cycle times, and flexibility to handle different part styles and quick changeovers. It classifies FMS based on the number of machines and describes common components and layouts of FMS. Potential applications and advantages are also outlined, along with challenges associated with implementing FMS.
This document provides an introduction to Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) systems. It discusses how CIM uses dedicated software packages to integrate all product development and manufacturing functions. Data is passed seamlessly between applications. CIM aims to reduce human errors by automating manufacturing segments. It takes a holistic, methodological approach to improve performance through cost reduction, quality improvement, and flexibility. The document then outlines the evolution of CIM from early numerical control to modern computer-aided design and manufacturing technologies. It describes the necessary CIM hardware and software components to fully integrate manufacturing functions.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) encompasses the entire product development and manufacturing process through dedicated software. CIM uses a common database and communication technologies to integrate design, manufacturing, and business functions. This reduces human involvement and errors. CIM aims to vastly improve manufacturing performance through an integrated, methodological approach. It connects previously separate automation "islands" into a distributed processing system to maximize efficiency. However, full CIM implementation faces challenges regarding integration of different machine components and protocols, ensuring data integrity for safe machine control, and providing competent human oversight of computer process control.
The document provides an overview of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) systems, including:
- CIM encompasses the entire range of product development and manufacturing activities carried out with dedicated software. It uses a common database and communication technologies to integrate functions.
- CIM reduces the human component of manufacturing to relieve the process of slow, expensive and error-prone aspects. It takes a holistic, methodological approach to improve performance.
- CIM hardware includes manufacturing equipment, computers, peripheral devices. CIM software includes programs for management, design, production control, and other functions.
- The nine major elements of a CIM system are marketing, product design, planning, purchasing, manufacturing engineering,
The document discusses computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) systems. It describes CIM as encompassing all product development and manufacturing functions using dedicated software. CIM uses a common database and communication technologies to integrate design, manufacturing, and business functions. It aims to reduce human involvement and errors in manufacturing. The document also outlines the scope of CIM, including product design, manufacturing engineering, factory automation hardware, and business functions. It discusses the CIM wheel and the roles of management in developing CIM models and implementation plans. Finally, it examines the impact of CIM on personnel, such as downsizing the workforce and changing required skill sets.
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) uses computers to control the entire manufacturing process. It allows individual processes to exchange information and initiate actions through integrated computers. CIM relies on closed-loop control processes based on real-time sensor input. Key subsystems include computer-aided techniques like CAD, CAM, and CAE, as well as devices like CNC machines, robotics, and programmable logic controllers. CIM provides benefits like reduced costs, improved quality and flexibility, and faster response to changes.
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) uses computers to control the entire manufacturing process. It allows individual processes to exchange information and initiate actions through integrated computers. CIM relies on closed-loop control processes based on real-time sensor input. Key subsystems include computer-aided techniques like CAD, CAM, and CAE, as well as devices like CNC machines, PLCs, robots, and software. CIM provides benefits like reduced inventory and costs, improved quality and flexibility, and streamlined manufacturing.
This document provides a syllabus for a course on Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). It is divided into 5 modules that cover various topics related to CIM including automation, CAD, computer numerical control, robotics, additive manufacturing, and Industry 4.0. The syllabus outlines 10 topics within the 5 modules, providing a brief description of the topics and allocating 5 hours to each. It also provides background on the evolution of CIM and defines key elements of a CIM system such as marketing, product design, planning, and factory automation hardware.
This document provides a syllabus for a course on Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). It is divided into 5 modules that cover various topics related to CIM including automation, CAD, computer numerical control, robotics, additive manufacturing, and Industry 4.0. The syllabus outlines 10 topics within the 5 modules, providing a brief description of the topics and allocating 5 hours to each. It also provides background on the evolution of CIM and defines key elements of a CIM system such as marketing, product design, planning, and factory automation hardware.
Evolution of CAD/CAM and CIM, computers and workstation, elements of interactive
graphics, input/ out put display, storage devices in CAD, – networking of CAD systems -
2D Graphics: line drawing algorithms, DDA line algorithm – circle drawing,
bressnham`s circle drawing algorithm– 2D Transformation: translation, rotation, scaling,
reflection – clipping -3D Graphics (basic only).
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) involves integrating all enterprise operations around a common corporate data repository using integrated systems and data communications. This allows individual manufacturing processes to exchange information and coordinate actions, improving organizational efficiency. CIM aims to provide benefits like improved quality, flexibility, and competitiveness through computer control of the entire production process.
This document discusses CAD/CAM, CIM, and related topics. It begins with an overview of CAD/CAM and CIM, noting that CAD/CAM integrates design and manufacturing using computer systems, while CIM includes all engineering and business functions related to manufacturing. The document then provides more details on specific topics:
- CAD is used for design work, while CAE is used for engineering analysis.
- CAM applications can be for manufacturing planning or control and involve activities like process planning, quality control, and inventory control.
- In an ideal CAD/CAM system, the design specifications can be automatically converted into a process plan for production.
- CIM aims to apply computers to all operational
Technological innovation in manufacturing processes aims to gain competitive advantages through improved quality, reduced costs, and reduced time-to-market. Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is an approach that integrates all enterprise operations around a common data repository, allowing processes to exchange information and initiate actions. CIM relies on technologies like computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing, and real-time sensors. Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) and cellular manufacturing group machines and operations to facilitate the production of families of similar parts in an efficient flow. Both aim to increase productivity while reducing waste.
The document discusses CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing) and defines it as the technology concerned with using computers to aid in the design and manufacturing processes. It describes how CAD is used for design functions and CAM is used for planning, managing, and controlling manufacturing plant operations through computer interfaces. The document then outlines the typical product design and manufacturing cycle and identifies the main sub-processes in design.
The document discusses computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) and related concepts. It defines CIM as manufacturing approach that uses computers to control the entire production process through integration, allowing for automated and less error-prone manufacturing. The document then provides overviews of CIM, describing its components and subsystems. It also defines and describes related concepts like CIMOSA, an enterprise modeling framework for CIM system integration, and CIMPLM, a closed-loop product lifecycle management system focused on tracking product information throughout the lifecycle.
Application of Management Information Systems in manufacturing sectorShubham Singh
This document discusses the application of management information systems in the manufacturing sector. It provides an overview of various types of information systems used for strategic planning, tactical and operational planning, manufacturing control, distribution control, and transaction processing. These include systems for capacity planning, production scheduling, material requirements planning, quality control, and inventory management. The document also discusses computer integrated manufacturing, process control, machine control, robotics, and computer-aided engineering. It provides an example of how these systems are applied at General Motors' Vanguard plant.
2. introduction to computer integrated manufacturingGezae Mebrahtu
Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) uses computers to control the entire production process by linking functional areas like design, planning, and distribution with factory floor functions like materials handling and operations monitoring. CIM allows for faster, more automated manufacturing with less errors by integrating computer systems. Key components of CIM include data storage and processing, sensing processes, and connecting data and sensors to manufacturing equipment. CIM topics discussed include integration challenges, subsystems, computer-aided techniques, required devices and equipment, and relevant technologies.
Fundamentals of CAD/ CAM, Application of computers for Design and Manufacturing, Benefits of CAD/ CAM - Computer peripherals for CAD/ CAM, Design workstation, Graphic terminal, CAD/ CAM software- definition of system software and application software, CAD/ CAM database and structure. Geometric Modeling
1. The document discusses CAD & CAM and provides an overview of key concepts related to computer-aided design and manufacturing. It covers topics such as the role of computers in industrial manufacturing including pre-processing, monitoring and control, and post-processing support applications.
2. The document also defines CAD as a design process using computer graphics and CAM as using computers to plan, manage and control manufacturing operations. It discusses the product lifecycle in both traditional and CAD/CAM environments.
3. Additionally, the types of production are classified including job shop production, batch production, mass production, and continuous flow processes. The document provides information on different manufacturing industries and production arrangements.
2. CIMS
Specific Objectives
At the end of this chapter, student can be able to learn:
1. What is CIM?
2. Evolution of CIMS
3. CIM Hardware and Software
4. Elements of CIM System
5. Relationship between automation and CIM by developing a conceptual
model of manufacturing.
6. What isAutomation?
7. Types ofAutomation
8. Comparison Between FixedAnd FlexibleAutomation System
9. Reasons forAutomating
10. AdvantagesAnd Disadvantages Of Automation Control In Industry
3. CIMS
Introduction:
CIM is the architecture for integrating the engineering, marketing and
manufacturing functions through information technologies. In the broad
sense, CIM involves the integration of all the business processes from
supplier to end consumer.
Figure : Challenges in manufacturing
4. The computer and automated systems association of the society of Manufacturing
Engineers (CASA/SEM) defines CIM is the integration of total manufacturing enterprise by
using integrated systems and data communication coupled with new managerial philosophies that
improve organizational and personnel efficiency.
CIM is recognized as Islands ofAutomation. They are
1. CAD/CAM/CAE/GT 2. Manufacturing Planning and Control. 3. Factory Automation 4.
General Business Management
CASA/SME’s CIM Wheel is as
shown in figure 1
5. CIMS
Manufacturing engineers are required to achieve the following
objectives to be competitive in a global context.
• Reduction in inventory
• Lower the cost of the product
• Reduce waste
• Improve quality
•Increase flexibility in manufacturing to achieve immediate and
rapid response to:
• Product changes
• Production changes
• Process change
• Equipment change
• Change of personnel
CIM technology is an enabling technology to meet the above
challenges to the manufacturing.
6. CIMS
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED
MANUFACTURING
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is considered a natural
evolution of the technology of CAD/CAM which by itself evolved by
the integration of CAD and CAM. Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT, USA) is credited with pioneering the development in
both CAD and CAM.
The first major innovation in machine control is the Numerical
Control (NC), demonstrated at MIT in 1952.
Early Numerical Control Systems were all basically hardwired
systems, since these were built with discrete systems or with later first
generation integrated chips.
7. CIMS
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED
MANUFACTURING
Early NC machines used paper tape as an input medium. Every NC
machine was fitted with a tape reader to read paper tape and transfer the
program to the memory of the machine tool block by block.
Mainframe computers were used to control a group of NC machines
by mid 60's. This arrangement was then called Direct Numerical
Control (DNC) as the computer bypassed the tape reader to transfer the
program data to the machine controller.
By late 60's mini computers were being commonly used to control
NC machines. At this stage NC became truly soft wired with the
facilities of mass program storage, offline editing and software logic
control and processing. This development is called Computer
Numerical Control (CNC).
8. CIMS
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED
MANUFACTURING
Manufacturing engineers also started using computers for such tasks
like inventory control, demand forecasting, production planning and
control etc. CNC technology was adapted in the development of co-
ordinate measuring machine's (CMMs) which automated inspection.
Robots were introduced to automate several tasks like machine loading,
materials handling, welding, painting and assembly. All these
developments led to the evolution of flexible manufacturing cells and
flexible manufacturing systems in late 70's.
9. CIMS
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED
MANUFACTURING
Since 70's, numerical controllers are being designed
microprocessors, resulting in compact CNC systems.
around
A further development to this technology is the distributed numerical
control (also called DNC) in which processing of NC program is carried
out in different computers operating at different hierarchical levels –
typically from mainframe host computers to plant computers to the
machine controller.
Today the CNC systems are built around powerful 32 bit and 64 bit
microprocessors. PC based systems are also becoming increasingly
popular.
10. CIMS
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED
MANUFACTURING
If we review the manufacturing scenario during 80's we will find that
the manufacturing is characterized by a few islands of automation. In the
case of design, the task is well automated. In the case of manufacture,
CNC machines, DNC systems, FMC, FMS etc provide tightly controlled
automation systems. Similarly computer control has been implemented
in several areas like manufacturing resource planning, accounting, sales,
marketing and purchase. Yet the full potential of computerization could
not be obtained unless all the segments of manufacturing are integrated,
permitting the transfer of data across various functional modules. This
realization led to the concept of computer integrated manufacturing.
Thus the implementation of CIM required the development of whole lot
of computer technologies related to hardware and software.
11. The computer and automated systems association of the society of Manufacturing
Engineers (CASA/SEM) defines CIM is the integration of total manufacturing enterprise by
using integrated systems and data communication coupled with new managerial philosophies that
improve organizational and personnel efficiency.
CIM is recognized as Islands ofAutomation. They are
1. CAD/CAM/CAE/GT 2. Manufacturing Planning and Control. 3. Factory Automation 4.
General Business Management
CASA/SME’s CIM Wheel is as
shown in figure 1
14. CIMS
NATUREAND ROLE OFTHEELEMENTS OF CIM SYSTEM:
1. Marketing: The need for a product is identified by the marketing
division. The specifications of the product, the projection of
manufacturing quantities and the strategy for marketing the product
are also decided by the marketing department.
2. Product Design: The design department of the company establishes
the initial database for production of a proposed product. In a CIM
system this is accomplished through activities such as geometric
modeling and computer aided design while considering the product
requirements and concepts generated by the creativity of the design
engineer.
15. CIMS
1. Planning: The planning department takes the database established
by the design department and enriches it with production data and
information to produce a plan for the production of the product.
Planning involves several subsystems dealing with materials, facility,
process, tools, manpower, capacity, scheduling, outsourcing,
assembly, inspection, logistics etc. In a CIM system, this planning
process should be constrained by the production costs and by the
production equipment and process capability, in order to generate an
optimized plan.
2. Purchase: The purchase departments is responsible for placing the
purchase orders and follow up, ensure quality in the production
process of the vendor, receive the items, arrange for inspection and
supply the items to the stores or arrange timely delivery depending
on the production schedule for eventual supply to manufacture and
assembly.
16. CIMS
NATUREAND ROLE OFTHEELEMENTS OF CIM SYSTEM:
1. Manufacturing Engineering: Manufacturing Engineering is the
activity of carrying out the production of the product, involving
further enrichment of the database with performance data and
information about the production equipment and processes. In CIM,
this requires activities like CNC programming, simulation and
computer aided scheduling of the production activity.
2. Factory Automation Hardware: Factory automation equipment
further enriches the database with equipment and process data,
resident either in the operator or the equipment to carry out the
production process. In CIM system this consists of computer
controlled process machinery such as CNC machine tools, flexible
manufacturing systems (FMS), Computer controlled robots, material
handling systems, computer controlled assembly systems, flexibly
automated inspection systems and so on.
17. CIMS
NATUREAND ROLE OFTHEELEMENTS OF CIM SYSTEM:
1. Warehousing: Warehousing is the function involving storage and
retrieval of raw materials, components, finished goods as well as
shipment of items. In today's complex outsourcing scenario and the
need for just-in-time supply of components and subsystems, logistics
and supply chain management assume great importance.
2. Finance: Finance deals with the resources pertaining to money.
Planning of investment, working capital, and cash flow control,
realization of receipts, accounting and allocation of funds are the
major tasks of the finance departments.
3. Information Management: Information Management is perhaps
one of the crucial tasks in CIM. This involves master production
scheduling, database management, communication, manufacturing
systems integration and management information systems.
18. CIMS
Relationship between automation and CIM by developing a conceptual model of
manufacturing.
In the figure Model of manufacturing, showing (a] the factory as a processing pipeline
where the physical manufacturing activities are performed, and (b) the information-
processing activities that support manufacturing as a ring that surrounds the factory
concerned more with the information-processing functions that are required to support
the production operations.
19. CIM
Computer integrated manufacture is concerned with providing computer
assistance, control and high level integrated automation at all levels of
manufacturing and other industry, by linking islands of automation into
distributed processing system.
Definition ofAutomation
Automation is a technology concerned with the application of mechanical,
electronic, and computer based systems to operate and control production.
This technology includes
• Automatic machines tools to process parts
• Automatic assembly machines
• Industrial robots
• Automatic material handling and storage systems
• Automatic inspection systems for quality control
20. CIMS
Relationship between automation and CIM by developing a conceptual model of
manufacturing.
CIMs Automation
o CIM deals with automating the
information-processing activities that
usually occurs in an office environment.
o These information-processing functions
include (1) certain business activities (e.g.,
marketing and sales, order entry, customer
billing, etc.), (2) product design, (3)
manufacturing planning, and (4)
manufacturing control
o These four functions form a cycle of events
that must accompany the physical
production activities but which do not
directly touch the product.
o Automation deals with the physical
activities related to production
o The physical activities include all of the
manufacturing processing, assembly,
material handling, and inspections that are
performed on the product.
o These operations come in direct contact
with the product during manufacture.
o They touch the product.
21. CIMS
AUTOMATION
Automation is a technology concerned with the application of
mechanical, electronic, and computer-based systems to operate and
control production.
This technology includes:
Automatic machine tools to process parts
Automatic assembly machines
Industrial robots
Automatic material handling and storage systems
Automatic inspection systems for quality control
Feedback control and computer process control
Computer systems for planning, data collection, and decision making
to support manufacturing activities
22. CIMS
TYPES OFAUTOMATION
1. Permanent/FixedAutomation
o This control system is designed to perform a specific task
o Functions of control circuit is fixed and permanent.
oIt will be complicated if we want to do other task apart from the
existing task
2. Programmable /FlexibleAutomation
o Programmable automation or felxible automation is a complex
control system that can perform several tasks
oFunctions of control circuit programmed by the user and can be
modified.
oWhen the task to be performed by machines changed, changes only
need to be done
by making modifications to the machine control program
26. CIMS
REASONS FORAUTOMATING
The important reasons for automating include the following:
1.Increased productivity: Higher production rates (output per hour) are
achieved with automation than with the corresponding manual
operations.
2.High cost of labor: Machines can produce at higher rates of output,
the use of automation results in a lower cost per unit of product.
3.Labor shortages: In many advanced nations there has been a general
shortage of labor. Labor shortages also stimulate the development of
automation as a substitute for labor.
4.Trend of labor toward the service sector: This trend has been
especially prevalent in the advanced countries. A tendency for people to
view factory work as tedious, demeaning, and dirty. This view has
caused them to seek employment in the service sector of the economy.
5.Safe: By automating the operation and transferring the operator from
an active participation to a supervisory role, work is made safer.
27. CIMS
REASONS FORAUTOMATING
6.High cost of raw materials: The high cost of raw materials in
manufacturing results in the need for greater efficiency in using these
materials. The reduction of scrap is one of the benefits of automation.
7.Improved product quality: Automated operations not only produce
parts at faster rates than do their manual counterparts, but they produce
parts with greater consistency and conformity to quality specifications.
8.Reduced manufacturing lead time: Automation allows the
manufacturer to reduce the time between customer order and product
delivery.
28. CIMS
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Automation Control In Industry
The main advantages of automation are:
Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard physical work.
Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments (i.e. fire,
space, volcanoes, nuclear facilities, underwater, etc.)
Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size, weight,
speed, endurance, etc.
Economy improvement: Automation may improve in economy of
enterprises, society or most of humanity. For example, when an
enterprise invests in automation, technology recovers its investment; or
when a state or country increases its income due to automation like
Germany or Japan in the 20th Century.
Reduces operation time and work handling time significantly.
29. CIMS
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Automation Control In Industry
The main disadvantages of automation are:
Unemployment rate increases due to machines replacing humans and
putting those humans out of their jobs.
Technical Limitation: Current technology is unable to automate all the
desired tasks.
Security Threats/Vulnerability: An automated system may have limited
level of intelligence, hence it is most likely susceptible to commit error.
Unpredictable development costs: The research and development cost
of automating a process may exceed the cost saved by the automation
itself.
High initial cost: The automation of a new product or plant requires a
huge initial investment in comparison with the unit cost of the product,
although the cost of automation is spread in many product batches of
things