This document presents a comparative analysis of operating a compression ignition (CI) engine using fuels comprised of single and dual biodiesel blends derived from Mahua and Jatropha oils. Biodiesel is produced through a transesterification process involving vegetable oils and an alcohol (typically methanol) catalyzed by a base. The properties of biodiesel are similar to conventional diesel, including improved characteristics like reduced sulfur and aromatics content. The study aims to test Mahua oil biodiesel, Jatropha oil biodiesel, and a 50% blend of each, to analyze their performance characteristics when used in a CI engine. The results will help determine if dual biodiesel blends can provide benefits like reduced
Bio diesel energy systems and technology best sie.v17 ch9 twas trieste publicProf Parameshwar P Iyer
Chapter from an UNDP Project Report on Sustainable Energy Systems prepared by the Third World Academy of Sciences, Trieste, Italy based on an International Workshop conducted in August 2006
The transportation, agricultural and power sector of India is largely dependent on
fossil fuels that decrease day by day. The government has to import large volumes of
fuel from foreign sources to meet the fuel demand for power production, causing a
negative impact on the country’s economy. Biodiesel can thus be a destined source to
future energy demands. Increasing the usage of biodiesel will also decrease the global
problem of environmental pollution, as fossil fuels are considered to be the major
source of harmful emissions. In a developing country like India this is not practically
feasible to divert the edible oil for production of Biodiesel as the edible oil demand for
human consumption is always higher than its domestic production. Under Indian
climatic conditions only few plant sources can be considered for biodiesel production
which produces non-edible oil in greater quantity and can be cultivated at large scale
on non-cropped marginal and wastelands. In this study the available potential of
cotton seed oil and rice bran oil biodiesel feed stocks, comparison of cost analysis are
discussed. Producing biodiesel from cotton seed oil and rice bran oil feed stocks is
greatly possible, cost-effectiveness and availability of biodiesel needs to be carried out
to help ensure that biodiesel will be able to fully replace fossil fuel and can thus assist
in future energy needs
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
review on diesel engine applications of biodiesels from non edible resources...Madhurjya Saikia
Over the number of years, biodiesel is being produced from various feed stocks that are from vegetable oils or animal fats and it is well established that biodiesel up to 20% blending in fossil diesel does not require any engine modification for use. Due to high cost involvement and food security in current situation for using edible resources to produce biodiesel, researchers in India are shifting attention towards non edible resources such as Karanja seed oil, Mahua oil, Jatropha seed oil, Cotton seed oil, Mesua ferrea seed oil, Yellow oleander seed oil etc which are available in ample amount throughout the subcontinent. Extensive research has been performed on the application of biodiesel produced from these non edible resources as a fuel in diesel engines in place of petroleum diesel. This review paper discusses application of biodiesel produced from different non edible feed stocks for their application in engines as an alternative to fossil diesel in terms of engine and emission performance.
Presentation on progress and recent trends in biodiesel (2)Hari Roy
The document discusses biodiesel development and implementation in India. It begins with an introduction about the scarcity of fossil fuels and benefits of renewable biofuels. It then outlines India's national biofuel mission and progress including biodiesel blending programs and test runs of biodiesel in trains and vehicles. The document also covers advantages of biodiesel like being environmentally friendly, disadvantages like higher costs. Key challenges discussed are land availability and price competitiveness. It concludes by stating biodiesel's potential as a renewable and less polluting fuel.
This document discusses alternative fuels to petroleum, focusing on biodiesel. It notes that fossil fuels are finite and contribute to pollution, while global energy demand is rising. Vegetable oils were considered as alternatives due to their fuel properties, but were not widely adopted due to higher costs than petroleum. The document defines biodiesel as the mono alkyl esters produced from renewable lipid sources through a transesterification reaction with methanol. Biodiesel offers environmental and performance benefits compared to petroleum diesel and vegetable oils.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology about using palm oil and Calophyllum inophyllum oil as potential biodiesel feedstocks. It discusses how biodiesel is a promising renewable fuel alternative to address issues with fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. Palm oil is currently one of the most efficient oil crops for biodiesel production, but its status as an edible oil creates food vs fuel conflicts. Calophyllum inophyllum oil has potential to be transesterified into biodiesel but requires more research. The document reviews the preparation, performance and emissions of biodiesel from these two oils in compression ignition engines.
This document summarizes a research paper analyzing the sustainability opportunities and challenges of the biofuels industry in India. The paper aims to answer three questions: 1) What are some significant sustainability opportunities and challenges of the biofuels industry? 2) What is the current state of biofuel operations in India? 3) What initial steps can be taken toward sustainable biofuel development? The response analyzes strategic sustainable development approaches and tools like the Natural Step Framework. Key points discussed include economic, environmental and social sustainability assessments of biomass and biofuels, including issues of profitability, efficiency, equity, energy balance, greenhouse gas emissions and life cycle assessments. Challenges in implementing ethanol blending programs in India like taxation and availability of
Bio diesel energy systems and technology best sie.v17 ch9 twas trieste publicProf Parameshwar P Iyer
Chapter from an UNDP Project Report on Sustainable Energy Systems prepared by the Third World Academy of Sciences, Trieste, Italy based on an International Workshop conducted in August 2006
The transportation, agricultural and power sector of India is largely dependent on
fossil fuels that decrease day by day. The government has to import large volumes of
fuel from foreign sources to meet the fuel demand for power production, causing a
negative impact on the country’s economy. Biodiesel can thus be a destined source to
future energy demands. Increasing the usage of biodiesel will also decrease the global
problem of environmental pollution, as fossil fuels are considered to be the major
source of harmful emissions. In a developing country like India this is not practically
feasible to divert the edible oil for production of Biodiesel as the edible oil demand for
human consumption is always higher than its domestic production. Under Indian
climatic conditions only few plant sources can be considered for biodiesel production
which produces non-edible oil in greater quantity and can be cultivated at large scale
on non-cropped marginal and wastelands. In this study the available potential of
cotton seed oil and rice bran oil biodiesel feed stocks, comparison of cost analysis are
discussed. Producing biodiesel from cotton seed oil and rice bran oil feed stocks is
greatly possible, cost-effectiveness and availability of biodiesel needs to be carried out
to help ensure that biodiesel will be able to fully replace fossil fuel and can thus assist
in future energy needs
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
review on diesel engine applications of biodiesels from non edible resources...Madhurjya Saikia
Over the number of years, biodiesel is being produced from various feed stocks that are from vegetable oils or animal fats and it is well established that biodiesel up to 20% blending in fossil diesel does not require any engine modification for use. Due to high cost involvement and food security in current situation for using edible resources to produce biodiesel, researchers in India are shifting attention towards non edible resources such as Karanja seed oil, Mahua oil, Jatropha seed oil, Cotton seed oil, Mesua ferrea seed oil, Yellow oleander seed oil etc which are available in ample amount throughout the subcontinent. Extensive research has been performed on the application of biodiesel produced from these non edible resources as a fuel in diesel engines in place of petroleum diesel. This review paper discusses application of biodiesel produced from different non edible feed stocks for their application in engines as an alternative to fossil diesel in terms of engine and emission performance.
Presentation on progress and recent trends in biodiesel (2)Hari Roy
The document discusses biodiesel development and implementation in India. It begins with an introduction about the scarcity of fossil fuels and benefits of renewable biofuels. It then outlines India's national biofuel mission and progress including biodiesel blending programs and test runs of biodiesel in trains and vehicles. The document also covers advantages of biodiesel like being environmentally friendly, disadvantages like higher costs. Key challenges discussed are land availability and price competitiveness. It concludes by stating biodiesel's potential as a renewable and less polluting fuel.
This document discusses alternative fuels to petroleum, focusing on biodiesel. It notes that fossil fuels are finite and contribute to pollution, while global energy demand is rising. Vegetable oils were considered as alternatives due to their fuel properties, but were not widely adopted due to higher costs than petroleum. The document defines biodiesel as the mono alkyl esters produced from renewable lipid sources through a transesterification reaction with methanol. Biodiesel offers environmental and performance benefits compared to petroleum diesel and vegetable oils.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology about using palm oil and Calophyllum inophyllum oil as potential biodiesel feedstocks. It discusses how biodiesel is a promising renewable fuel alternative to address issues with fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. Palm oil is currently one of the most efficient oil crops for biodiesel production, but its status as an edible oil creates food vs fuel conflicts. Calophyllum inophyllum oil has potential to be transesterified into biodiesel but requires more research. The document reviews the preparation, performance and emissions of biodiesel from these two oils in compression ignition engines.
This document summarizes a research paper analyzing the sustainability opportunities and challenges of the biofuels industry in India. The paper aims to answer three questions: 1) What are some significant sustainability opportunities and challenges of the biofuels industry? 2) What is the current state of biofuel operations in India? 3) What initial steps can be taken toward sustainable biofuel development? The response analyzes strategic sustainable development approaches and tools like the Natural Step Framework. Key points discussed include economic, environmental and social sustainability assessments of biomass and biofuels, including issues of profitability, efficiency, equity, energy balance, greenhouse gas emissions and life cycle assessments. Challenges in implementing ethanol blending programs in India like taxation and availability of
This document discusses biodiesel fuel performance and emissions. It begins by introducing biodiesel as an alternative fuel produced from vegetable oils and animal fats through transesterification. It then discusses various blending methods for biodiesel and diesel. The document also provides tables on biodiesel production by country and classifications. It reviews the impact of biodiesel on engine performance, finding that power is typically reduced slightly due to biodiesel's lower energy content, though impacts can vary depending on the blend and specific fuel properties. The review cites over 25 studies on this topic from 2000 onwards.
This business plan proposes producing and selling biodiesel in India. There is a need for eco-friendly and domestic fuels to reduce dependence on foreign oil and emissions. Biodiesel can be produced from crops like jatropha and has similar properties to conventional diesel. The plan involves researching production technologies, testing biodiesel in engines, and quality control procedures to produce biodiesel that meets standards. Initially the biodiesel would be sold to fleet operators and eventually to larger car manufacturers and distributors with a goal of growing export sales by 30% annually over 3 years.
IRJET- Comparative Study and Analysis of Performance and Emissions Characteri...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that used computational modeling to analyze the performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine running on various biodiesel blends. The study tested blends of palm oil, soybean methyl ester, and coconut oil blended with diesel fuel. The simulations analyzed parameters like engine power, torque, fuel consumption, and emissions of gases like NOx, SOx, and particulate matter. The results were compared to analyze which biodiesel blends provided the best performance and lowest harmful emissions. The goal was to identify optimal biodiesel blends and fuels that could reduce emissions while maintaining good engine performance.
Biodiesel B5 is a renewable fuel made from 5% biodiesel (made from used cooking oil) blended with 95% petroleum diesel. It provides environmental benefits like reduced emissions and is supported for use in diesel engines by major manufacturers. Lootah Biofuels produces Biodiesel B5 by collecting used cooking oil, converting it to biodiesel, and blending it with petroleum diesel. They distribute B5 through fuel stations in Dubai and offer it at a lower price than conventional diesel to customers. Using B5 provides savings for customers while helping reduce waste and carbon emissions compared to petroleum diesel.
Experimental Investigation of Blends of Esterified Coconut Oil and Sunflower ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of blends of esterified coconut oil and sunflower oil used in a 4-stroke compression ignition engine. Various blends of the two vegetable oils with diesel were tested in a single cylinder engine to analyze their performance characteristics and emissions. The best performing blend was identified as having the highest brake power and thermal efficiency, lowest brake specific fuel consumption, and minimum smoke density emissions. This blend could serve as a suitable alternative to diesel fuel.
The document discusses biodiesel, including its definition, production process, properties, uses, and advantages. Biodiesel is defined as a processed fuel derived from biological sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats through a chemical process called transesterification. It can be used as a replacement for or blended with conventional diesel fuel in vehicles and equipment. Biodiesel offers environmental and economic benefits over petroleum diesel, such as producing fewer emissions and providing an alternative fuel source that can support local jobs.
this presentation has a business plan for setting up a Bio diesel plant in Laos. it includes all the operational, financial and legal considerations that are to be followed for starting such kind of business
The document discusses replacing non-renewable fuels with renewable fuels like bioethanol and biodiesel. It recommends starting with a 5% blend of these biofuels and gradually increasing the blend up to 20% over the next 10 years. This will help extend the timeline for exhausting non-renewable fuels while renewable fuel technologies are developed to fully replace them. A coordinated, uniform global increase in biofuel blending is suggested to maximize environmental and resource benefits.
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Emission Performance Characteristics on Diese...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study analyzing the emission performance of diesel and biodiesel blends with exhaust gas recirculation in a diesel engine. Biodiesel was produced from Jatropha oil using acid esterification and alkaline transesterification. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine operated with biodiesel-diesel blends (B10, B20) under natural aspiration and exhaust gas recirculation conditions. Engine performance, combustion parameters, and emissions of CO, HC, smoke and NOx were measured and compared under different test conditions. Instrumentation included an oscilloscope to monitor in-cylinder pressure and a dynamometer to measure engine speed and load.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Bio fuel production by mixed of used cooking oil and used engine oil project pptStudyCreek
The document presents a research proposal for producing biodiesel from a mixture of used engine oil and used cooking oil. The proposal outlines the following:
1) The objectives are to identify suitable feedstocks, produce biodiesel through various processes like transesterification, and test the properties of the produced biodiesel.
2) The methodology involves selecting raw materials and chemicals, manufacturing biodiesel through processes like transesterification, and testing the biodiesel properties.
3) A work plan is presented spanning 29 weeks to complete tasks like literature review, material procurement, biodiesel production, engine testing, and reporting. The expected outcomes are production of biodiesel that can replace diesel fuel
This document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel. It provides information on the manufacturing process, advantages, applications and future scope of biodiesel. The manufacturing process involves transesterification of triglycerides into biodiesel using methanol and a catalyst. Biodiesel has advantages like being usable in standard diesel engines without modifications, being non-polluting and producing fewer emissions than conventional diesel. It can be used for applications like fueling vehicles, generating electricity and removing paint or grease. The future scope of biodiesel is promising as a replacement for petroleum diesel given its renewable nature and cleaner burning characteristics.
The document discusses biodiesel, including what it is, how it is made through transesterification, its properties, benefits over petroleum diesel such as lower emissions and biodegradability, common blend ratios, applications in vehicles such as buses and trains as well as potential in aircraft, and examples of biodiesel use in Pakistan including plans to blend it with diesel. Historical background of biodiesel and research opportunities are also mentioned.
The document discusses biodiesel, including its production process, properties, and advantages over petroleum diesel. Biodiesel is produced through a chemical process called transesterification where triglycerides from oils react with an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst. This produces fatty acid alkyl esters and glycerin. Biodiesel has benefits like being renewable, biodegradable, non-toxic, and producing lower emissions than petroleum diesel. The document also outlines some challenges with biodiesel like potential habitat destruction if grown on a large scale and increased corrosion.
Bio-diesel is a synthetic diesel fuel produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste oils via a chemical process. It has several advantages over petroleum diesel, including producing less greenhouse gas emissions and being safer to handle. Bio-diesel can be used as a substitute for or blended with petroleum diesel. In Pakistan, organizations like the Alternative Energy Development Board and private companies have conducted research on utilizing bio-diesel for transportation and power generation. Some projects have successfully tested bio-diesel blends in vehicles and set up a power plant fueled by bio-diesel produced locally from oil crops.
This presentation summarizes bio-fuels and focuses on jatropha biodiesel. It defines bio-diesel as a processed fuel derived from biological sources that can be used in diesel engines. It then discusses jatropha cultivation and processing, key facts about jatropha production including yields and costs, drivers and challenges of biodiesel production, and examples of practical applications in India including partnerships between companies and states to grow jatropha for biodiesel. The conclusion states that mixing 20% biodiesel with diesel could save India 7.3 million tonnes of diesel per year and wasteland is available for jatropha cultivation.
A review paper on comparative analysis of Diesel blends with different propor...ijtsrd
Biodiesel is an attracted alternative fuel and biodiesel“diesel blends can be used as fuel in order to substitute some part of diesel in engine at various applications. In this study, the spray properties of different type of blends of biodiesel“diesel (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% biodiesel) as well as pure diesel is investigated under various ambient conditions by means of high-speed schlieren photography technique. A comparative analysis of blended fuels and diesel sprays is also presented. The experimental results show that when adopting fuel blends with variable biodiesel“diesel fractions in the swirl-type injector sprays, the spray developing patterns are not significantly changed. In the case of low ambient pressure (surrounding condition), the main spray tip penetration decreases and the spray angle increases with the increase of biodiesel fraction. Under the elevated ambient pressure condition, the difference of spray penetration amongst the blends shows inconspicuous, meanwhile the spray angle of all test fuels keeps almost constant in the fully developed stage except that the spray of pure diesel shows a larger cone angle in the beginning of injection period. Ajeet Kumar Prajapati | Vipin Kumar Patel"A review paper on comparative analysis of Diesel blends with different proportions of karanja oil Biodiesel" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12896.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/12896/a-review-paper-on-comparative-analysis-of-diesel-blends-with-different-proportions-of-karanja-oil-biodiesel/ajeet-kumar-prajapati
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A DIESEL ENGINE RUNNING IN DUAL FUEL MODE WITH KARA...IAEME Publication
Present study shows utilisation of LPG in CI engine with Bio diesel in dual fuel mode. For this experimental work a stationary, single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine was used with few attachments. Major performance parameters such as Brake power, Brake thermal efficiency, Brake specific fuel consumption etc. were evaluated at different loads and with different fuel combinations . up to 12% biodiesel was saved in dual fuel mode & up to 40% improvements were evident in Brake specific fuel consumption, whereas break thermal efficiency did not improve due to poor utilization of high energy content of LPG.
EFFECT OF INJECTION PRESSURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CI ENGINE FUELED WITH WCOashutoshDas123
A comprehensive combustion analysis has been conducted to evaluate the performance of a commercial DI engine, water cooled two cylinders, in-line, naturally aspirated, RD270 Ruggerini diesel engine using waste vegetable cooking oil as an alternative fuel. In order to compare the brake power and the torques values of the engine, it has been tested under same operating conditions with diesel fuel and waste cooking biodiesel fuel blends. The results were found to be very comparable. The properties of biodiesel produced from waste vegetable oil was measured based on ASTM standards. The total sulfur content of the produced biodiesel fuel was 18 ppm which is 28 times lesser than the existing diesel fuel sulfur content used in the diesel vehicles operating in Tehran city (500 ppm).
The maximum power and torque produced using diesel fuel was 18.2 kW and 64.2 Nm at 3200 and 2400 rpm respectively. By adding 20% of waste vegetable oil methyl ester, it was noticed that the maximum power and torque increased by 2.7 and 2.9% respectively. The growing concern about energy resources and the environment has increased interest in the study of alternative energy sources. To meet the requirements of energy expenditure there has been a growing curiosity in alternative fuels such as biodiesel to provide a room for diesel oil appropriate for internal combustion engines. The need for fossil fuels and the emissions generated by these fuels increase daily.
Researchers are on the verge of global warming and climate change, and energy sustainability and the use of materials are important issues today. Biodiesel is another fuel to be put in place of diesel fuel by processing used cooking oil. However, the products formed during the frying process have influenced the transesterification reaction and the biodiesel properties. These experiments on the analysis of C.I. engine that uses diesel and residual cooking oil mixture. They can be recycled and used multiple times, thus offering a cheaper way to produce biodiesel. The advantages and disadvantages of these heterogeneous catalysts are presented. Future work focuses on the application of economically and environmentally sounds solid catalysts in biodiesel production using WCO as raw material.
This work is done as a part of graduate course in Air Quality in Spring 2017. The author was pursuing MS in Environmental Engineering Sciences at University of Florida during the making of this project.
(description coming soon)
Presentation: https://goo.gl/2MnAmG
Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel for Compression Ignition Engines – A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. It discusses biodiesel production processes and feedstocks used worldwide. The key points are:
- Biodiesel has advantages over fossil fuels like being renewable, biodegradable and reducing exhaust emissions. However, biodiesel has less energy content than diesel.
- Common biodiesel feedstocks discussed are cottonseed, soybean, rapeseed, jatropha and palm oil. Feedstock selection is important as it affects 75% of production costs.
- The document also looks at biodiesel potential in India, including a national mission to promote jatropha cultivation and use. It concludes that biodiesel can reduce
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar to conventional or 'fossil' diesel. Biodiesel can be produced from straight vegetable oil, animal oil/fats, tallow and waste cooking oil. The process used to convert these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification. This process is described in more detail below
This document discusses biodiesel fuel performance and emissions. It begins by introducing biodiesel as an alternative fuel produced from vegetable oils and animal fats through transesterification. It then discusses various blending methods for biodiesel and diesel. The document also provides tables on biodiesel production by country and classifications. It reviews the impact of biodiesel on engine performance, finding that power is typically reduced slightly due to biodiesel's lower energy content, though impacts can vary depending on the blend and specific fuel properties. The review cites over 25 studies on this topic from 2000 onwards.
This business plan proposes producing and selling biodiesel in India. There is a need for eco-friendly and domestic fuels to reduce dependence on foreign oil and emissions. Biodiesel can be produced from crops like jatropha and has similar properties to conventional diesel. The plan involves researching production technologies, testing biodiesel in engines, and quality control procedures to produce biodiesel that meets standards. Initially the biodiesel would be sold to fleet operators and eventually to larger car manufacturers and distributors with a goal of growing export sales by 30% annually over 3 years.
IRJET- Comparative Study and Analysis of Performance and Emissions Characteri...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that used computational modeling to analyze the performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine running on various biodiesel blends. The study tested blends of palm oil, soybean methyl ester, and coconut oil blended with diesel fuel. The simulations analyzed parameters like engine power, torque, fuel consumption, and emissions of gases like NOx, SOx, and particulate matter. The results were compared to analyze which biodiesel blends provided the best performance and lowest harmful emissions. The goal was to identify optimal biodiesel blends and fuels that could reduce emissions while maintaining good engine performance.
Biodiesel B5 is a renewable fuel made from 5% biodiesel (made from used cooking oil) blended with 95% petroleum diesel. It provides environmental benefits like reduced emissions and is supported for use in diesel engines by major manufacturers. Lootah Biofuels produces Biodiesel B5 by collecting used cooking oil, converting it to biodiesel, and blending it with petroleum diesel. They distribute B5 through fuel stations in Dubai and offer it at a lower price than conventional diesel to customers. Using B5 provides savings for customers while helping reduce waste and carbon emissions compared to petroleum diesel.
Experimental Investigation of Blends of Esterified Coconut Oil and Sunflower ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of blends of esterified coconut oil and sunflower oil used in a 4-stroke compression ignition engine. Various blends of the two vegetable oils with diesel were tested in a single cylinder engine to analyze their performance characteristics and emissions. The best performing blend was identified as having the highest brake power and thermal efficiency, lowest brake specific fuel consumption, and minimum smoke density emissions. This blend could serve as a suitable alternative to diesel fuel.
The document discusses biodiesel, including its definition, production process, properties, uses, and advantages. Biodiesel is defined as a processed fuel derived from biological sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats through a chemical process called transesterification. It can be used as a replacement for or blended with conventional diesel fuel in vehicles and equipment. Biodiesel offers environmental and economic benefits over petroleum diesel, such as producing fewer emissions and providing an alternative fuel source that can support local jobs.
this presentation has a business plan for setting up a Bio diesel plant in Laos. it includes all the operational, financial and legal considerations that are to be followed for starting such kind of business
The document discusses replacing non-renewable fuels with renewable fuels like bioethanol and biodiesel. It recommends starting with a 5% blend of these biofuels and gradually increasing the blend up to 20% over the next 10 years. This will help extend the timeline for exhausting non-renewable fuels while renewable fuel technologies are developed to fully replace them. A coordinated, uniform global increase in biofuel blending is suggested to maximize environmental and resource benefits.
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Emission Performance Characteristics on Diese...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study analyzing the emission performance of diesel and biodiesel blends with exhaust gas recirculation in a diesel engine. Biodiesel was produced from Jatropha oil using acid esterification and alkaline transesterification. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine operated with biodiesel-diesel blends (B10, B20) under natural aspiration and exhaust gas recirculation conditions. Engine performance, combustion parameters, and emissions of CO, HC, smoke and NOx were measured and compared under different test conditions. Instrumentation included an oscilloscope to monitor in-cylinder pressure and a dynamometer to measure engine speed and load.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Bio fuel production by mixed of used cooking oil and used engine oil project pptStudyCreek
The document presents a research proposal for producing biodiesel from a mixture of used engine oil and used cooking oil. The proposal outlines the following:
1) The objectives are to identify suitable feedstocks, produce biodiesel through various processes like transesterification, and test the properties of the produced biodiesel.
2) The methodology involves selecting raw materials and chemicals, manufacturing biodiesel through processes like transesterification, and testing the biodiesel properties.
3) A work plan is presented spanning 29 weeks to complete tasks like literature review, material procurement, biodiesel production, engine testing, and reporting. The expected outcomes are production of biodiesel that can replace diesel fuel
This document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel. It provides information on the manufacturing process, advantages, applications and future scope of biodiesel. The manufacturing process involves transesterification of triglycerides into biodiesel using methanol and a catalyst. Biodiesel has advantages like being usable in standard diesel engines without modifications, being non-polluting and producing fewer emissions than conventional diesel. It can be used for applications like fueling vehicles, generating electricity and removing paint or grease. The future scope of biodiesel is promising as a replacement for petroleum diesel given its renewable nature and cleaner burning characteristics.
The document discusses biodiesel, including what it is, how it is made through transesterification, its properties, benefits over petroleum diesel such as lower emissions and biodegradability, common blend ratios, applications in vehicles such as buses and trains as well as potential in aircraft, and examples of biodiesel use in Pakistan including plans to blend it with diesel. Historical background of biodiesel and research opportunities are also mentioned.
The document discusses biodiesel, including its production process, properties, and advantages over petroleum diesel. Biodiesel is produced through a chemical process called transesterification where triglycerides from oils react with an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst. This produces fatty acid alkyl esters and glycerin. Biodiesel has benefits like being renewable, biodegradable, non-toxic, and producing lower emissions than petroleum diesel. The document also outlines some challenges with biodiesel like potential habitat destruction if grown on a large scale and increased corrosion.
Bio-diesel is a synthetic diesel fuel produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste oils via a chemical process. It has several advantages over petroleum diesel, including producing less greenhouse gas emissions and being safer to handle. Bio-diesel can be used as a substitute for or blended with petroleum diesel. In Pakistan, organizations like the Alternative Energy Development Board and private companies have conducted research on utilizing bio-diesel for transportation and power generation. Some projects have successfully tested bio-diesel blends in vehicles and set up a power plant fueled by bio-diesel produced locally from oil crops.
This presentation summarizes bio-fuels and focuses on jatropha biodiesel. It defines bio-diesel as a processed fuel derived from biological sources that can be used in diesel engines. It then discusses jatropha cultivation and processing, key facts about jatropha production including yields and costs, drivers and challenges of biodiesel production, and examples of practical applications in India including partnerships between companies and states to grow jatropha for biodiesel. The conclusion states that mixing 20% biodiesel with diesel could save India 7.3 million tonnes of diesel per year and wasteland is available for jatropha cultivation.
A review paper on comparative analysis of Diesel blends with different propor...ijtsrd
Biodiesel is an attracted alternative fuel and biodiesel“diesel blends can be used as fuel in order to substitute some part of diesel in engine at various applications. In this study, the spray properties of different type of blends of biodiesel“diesel (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% biodiesel) as well as pure diesel is investigated under various ambient conditions by means of high-speed schlieren photography technique. A comparative analysis of blended fuels and diesel sprays is also presented. The experimental results show that when adopting fuel blends with variable biodiesel“diesel fractions in the swirl-type injector sprays, the spray developing patterns are not significantly changed. In the case of low ambient pressure (surrounding condition), the main spray tip penetration decreases and the spray angle increases with the increase of biodiesel fraction. Under the elevated ambient pressure condition, the difference of spray penetration amongst the blends shows inconspicuous, meanwhile the spray angle of all test fuels keeps almost constant in the fully developed stage except that the spray of pure diesel shows a larger cone angle in the beginning of injection period. Ajeet Kumar Prajapati | Vipin Kumar Patel"A review paper on comparative analysis of Diesel blends with different proportions of karanja oil Biodiesel" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12896.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/12896/a-review-paper-on-comparative-analysis-of-diesel-blends-with-different-proportions-of-karanja-oil-biodiesel/ajeet-kumar-prajapati
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A DIESEL ENGINE RUNNING IN DUAL FUEL MODE WITH KARA...IAEME Publication
Present study shows utilisation of LPG in CI engine with Bio diesel in dual fuel mode. For this experimental work a stationary, single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine was used with few attachments. Major performance parameters such as Brake power, Brake thermal efficiency, Brake specific fuel consumption etc. were evaluated at different loads and with different fuel combinations . up to 12% biodiesel was saved in dual fuel mode & up to 40% improvements were evident in Brake specific fuel consumption, whereas break thermal efficiency did not improve due to poor utilization of high energy content of LPG.
EFFECT OF INJECTION PRESSURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CI ENGINE FUELED WITH WCOashutoshDas123
A comprehensive combustion analysis has been conducted to evaluate the performance of a commercial DI engine, water cooled two cylinders, in-line, naturally aspirated, RD270 Ruggerini diesel engine using waste vegetable cooking oil as an alternative fuel. In order to compare the brake power and the torques values of the engine, it has been tested under same operating conditions with diesel fuel and waste cooking biodiesel fuel blends. The results were found to be very comparable. The properties of biodiesel produced from waste vegetable oil was measured based on ASTM standards. The total sulfur content of the produced biodiesel fuel was 18 ppm which is 28 times lesser than the existing diesel fuel sulfur content used in the diesel vehicles operating in Tehran city (500 ppm).
The maximum power and torque produced using diesel fuel was 18.2 kW and 64.2 Nm at 3200 and 2400 rpm respectively. By adding 20% of waste vegetable oil methyl ester, it was noticed that the maximum power and torque increased by 2.7 and 2.9% respectively. The growing concern about energy resources and the environment has increased interest in the study of alternative energy sources. To meet the requirements of energy expenditure there has been a growing curiosity in alternative fuels such as biodiesel to provide a room for diesel oil appropriate for internal combustion engines. The need for fossil fuels and the emissions generated by these fuels increase daily.
Researchers are on the verge of global warming and climate change, and energy sustainability and the use of materials are important issues today. Biodiesel is another fuel to be put in place of diesel fuel by processing used cooking oil. However, the products formed during the frying process have influenced the transesterification reaction and the biodiesel properties. These experiments on the analysis of C.I. engine that uses diesel and residual cooking oil mixture. They can be recycled and used multiple times, thus offering a cheaper way to produce biodiesel. The advantages and disadvantages of these heterogeneous catalysts are presented. Future work focuses on the application of economically and environmentally sounds solid catalysts in biodiesel production using WCO as raw material.
This work is done as a part of graduate course in Air Quality in Spring 2017. The author was pursuing MS in Environmental Engineering Sciences at University of Florida during the making of this project.
(description coming soon)
Presentation: https://goo.gl/2MnAmG
Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel for Compression Ignition Engines – A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. It discusses biodiesel production processes and feedstocks used worldwide. The key points are:
- Biodiesel has advantages over fossil fuels like being renewable, biodegradable and reducing exhaust emissions. However, biodiesel has less energy content than diesel.
- Common biodiesel feedstocks discussed are cottonseed, soybean, rapeseed, jatropha and palm oil. Feedstock selection is important as it affects 75% of production costs.
- The document also looks at biodiesel potential in India, including a national mission to promote jatropha cultivation and use. It concludes that biodiesel can reduce
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar to conventional or 'fossil' diesel. Biodiesel can be produced from straight vegetable oil, animal oil/fats, tallow and waste cooking oil. The process used to convert these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification. This process is described in more detail below
This document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel source for India. It notes that India imports over 68% of its primary energy and is a net importer. Biodiesel is produced through a transesterification process which converts vegetable oils and animal fats into fuel. Jatropha is identified as a promising feedstock due to its high yield. The document outlines the benefits of biodiesel including reduced emissions and increased energy security and rural employment. It acknowledges barriers like higher costs but suggests policy and technological solutions. Overall biodiesel is presented as a renewable fuel that can help meet India's energy and sustainability goals.
Feasibility and Future Prospects of Biodiesel use in IC Engines - A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of the feasibility and future prospects of using biodiesel in internal combustion (IC) engines. It discusses biodiesel production through the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats with an alcohol. Biodiesel has properties similar to petroleum diesel, including density, flash point, and calorific value. The document compares the properties of various biodiesel fuels derived from crops like jatropha, karanja, castor, and mahua. It also examines engine performance parameters like brake mean effective pressure and mechanical efficiency when operating on biodiesel. Emissions are also evaluated when using biodiesel and its blends with petroleum diesel in IC engines.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This document summarizes information about eco-friendly fuels such as compressed natural gas, biodiesel, solar energy, and electricity. It discusses why eco-friendly fuels are needed to reduce global warming and maintain ecological balance. Examples of eco-friendly fuels are provided along with details about biodiesel production in India. The advantages of eco-friendly fuels include lower emissions and renewability, while the disadvantages include higher production costs and potential impacts on food prices. The future of biofuels in India is seen as promising due to potential for rural development and energy security, with a target of 20% blending by 2017.
Investigations on a Diesel Engine Run on used Lubricating Oil Biodiesel Blend...ijtsrd
Exhaust emission coming from IC engines affects not only the environment but also the human health. This serious issue has got attention by the government as well as from the researchers throughout the world. In this regard it is necessary to find out alternative to not only fossil fuel but also environment cooperative fuel. In this regard, investigations were carried out by using Jatropha biodiesel and its blend with used lubricating oil which was discarded after use. The test was carried in a single cylinder diesel engine and different terms such as performance and emissions of diesel engine were found out and compared with diesel operation. It was noticed that engine can be run by using these kinds of fuels. By using these fuels not only we are solving waste disposal problem but also replacing diesel fuel and environment friendly fuel. The used lubricating oils were blended with Jatropha biodiesel in different proportions and test were done. Pranav Kumar | Ravindra Mohan | Jagdeesh Prasad ""Investigations on a Diesel Engine Run on used Lubricating Oil-Biodiesel Blend as an Alternative Fuel"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30158.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/30158/investigations-on-a-diesel-engine-run-on-used-lubricating-oil-biodiesel-blend-as-an-alternative-fuel/pranav-kumar
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of a multi-cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel from mango seeds and soybeans compared to diesel fuel. The study found that using 100% biodiesel can meet the engine's performance characteristics and smoke levels are close to diesel fuel. Emission characteristics of biodiesel are also close to diesel fuel at full load. Using locally produced biodiesel can help energy self-sufficiency for farmers and support rural employment by reducing reliance on imported fuels. The results indicate biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel for diesel engines with minimal modifications needed.
IRJET- Production of Biodiesel from used Kitchen Oil using Hydrodynamic Cavit...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using hydrodynamic cavitation to produce biodiesel from used kitchen oil. It begins by providing background on biodiesel and how cavitation can enhance mass transfer and the transesterification reaction. It then discusses that India produces a large amount of waste cooking oil annually that could be used as a feedstock. The document reviews the chemical composition of various oils used in cooking and how they break down during the frying process. It proposes that cavitation can help overcome limitations in mixing during transesterification to produce biodiesel from this low-cost waste feedstock in a more efficient manner.
Journal of Science and Technology .It's our journal Original Quality Research papers and Strictly No Plagiarism on all the Publications. Journal of Science and Technology Research in practical, theoretical, and experimental Technological studies is the focus of this journal.
Dinesh paper Biodiesel production using Calophyllum inophyllum Tamanu seed oi...dinesh k
This document describes a study on the production of biodiesel from Calophyllum inophyllum (Tamanu) seed oil through acid and base catalyzed transesterification. The biodiesel was then tested in a compression ignition engine. Key findings include:
- Tamanu seed oil was extracted and used to produce biodiesel via acid catalysis using sulfuric acid and base catalysis using potassium hydroxide.
- The optimal methanol to oil molar ratio for maximum biodiesel yield was determined to be 6:1, producing a yield of 86.15%.
- The Tamanu biodiesel was blended with diesel at ratios of B10, B20, B
EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC...IAEME Publication
In this study different fuels are synthesized by preparing blends of jatropha biodiesel-diesel and liquid fuel from waste plastic –diesel. Various means are employed to characterize the fuels and then their performance and emission characteristics are studied on compression ignition engine. The results were analyzed and the jatropha blended and waste plastic oil blended fuels are compared considering the reference test fuel diesel.
New Horizon Pvt. Ltd. is establishing a biodiesel production facility in Maharashtra, India using Jatropha seeds as a feedstock. The facility will have a production capacity of 5,000 kg per day. The document provides an overview of the company's vision and proprietary rights, as well as details on the financial requirements, manufacturing process, inventory management system, and marketing plan for the new biodiesel production operation.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes research on the production and application of biodiesel. It discusses the history of biodiesel dating back to 1893 when diesel first used peanut oil. Methods of biodiesel production discussed include transesterification using supercritical methanol, ultrasonication, and microwave techniques. Nano particles are also explored as an additive to reduce emissions when biodiesel is used in engines without modification. Biodiesel cultivation and harvesting techniques for plants like jatropha are also summarized.
IRJET- Biodiesel from Peanut Oil and its Emission and Performance Charect...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on biodiesel produced from peanut oil and its performance characteristics as an engine fuel. Peanut oil is a potential feedstock for biodiesel production due to its high oil content compared to other crops. The study involves producing biodiesel from peanut oil via a transesterification process and washing. The properties and emissions of the peanut oil biodiesel are then evaluated according to ASTM standards when used in a four-stroke IC engine at various blend percentages. The results found the peanut oil biodiesel had properties within fuel standards and produced less soot and smoke emissions than conventional diesel.
This document summarizes a study on the performance of Jatropha biodiesel in a multi-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine. Jatropha is a drought-resistant plant that can be grown in tropical areas and produces seeds with 30-35% oil content that can be converted to biodiesel via transesterification. The researchers obtained Jatropha biodiesel from a supplier and tested it in a Mahindra & Mahindra diesel engine both in pure form and blended with petrodiesel. They found that the biodiesel blends produced higher power, torque and thermal efficiency compared to petrodiesel alone, though specific fuel consumption was slightly higher. The 20% Jatropha biodiesel
This document summarizes a study on the performance of Jatropha biodiesel in a multi-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine. Jatropha is a drought-resistant plant that can be grown on degraded lands and produces seeds with 30-35% oil content that can be converted to biodiesel via transesterification. The researchers obtained Jatropha biodiesel from a supplier and tested it in a Mahindra & Mahindra diesel engine, both in pure form and blended with petrodiesel. They found that the biodiesel blends produced higher power, torque and thermal efficiency compared to petrodiesel, though specific fuel consumption was slightly higher. The 20% Jatropha biodiesel
This document summarizes a research paper on biodiesel as a future fuel. It discusses how biodiesel is produced through transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats with methanol. Jatropha oil is examined as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Experiments were conducted running a diesel engine on blends of jatropha biodiesel and producer gas. The results showed that blends with higher proportions of jatropha biodiesel (JOBD30+PG) produced lower emissions of CO, NOx, and CO2 compared to blends with more producer gas or pure diesel. The document concludes biodiesel is a promising renewable alternative fuel that can help address the decreasing fossil fuel supply while
Use of Jatropha Biodiesel in C.I. Engines- A reviewIJERA Editor
Petroleum based fuels play a vital role in rapid depletion of conventional energy sources. Along with their
increasing demands, these are also major contributors of air pollution which is contributing to greenhouse effect
and consequently to ozone layer depletion.
Major portion of today’s energy demand in India is being met with fossil fuels. Hence, it is high time that
alternative fuels for engines should be derived from different indigenous sources. As India is an agricultural
country, there is a wide scope for the production of vegetable oils (both edible and non-edible) from different oil
seeds.
This paper is based on recommending an alternate fuel for diesel engines. Expectations have been high for the
production of biodiesel from the Jatropha oil-crop. Jatropha is promoted as a drought and pest resistant crop,
with the potential to grow on degraded soils with a low amount of inputs. These characteristics encourage hope
for positive environmental and socio-economic impacts from Jatropha biodiesel.
The document is a midterm presentation on bio-fuels prepared by a group of students for their EEE department. It defines biofuels as fuels produced from biomass in a short period of time. It discusses various types of biofuels including ethanol, vegetable oil, and biogas. It classifies biofuels into first generation made from food crops and second generation from non-food biomass. The presentation covers biofuel production methods, advantages like renewability and disadvantages like impacts on food security. It concludes by discussing Bangladesh's potential to produce biofuels from native plants to reduce fuel imports and encourage further sustainable renewable energy development.
Similar to Comparative Analysis of CI Engine Fuelled with Mahua oil & Jatropha oil derived Single & Dual Biodiesel Blends (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.