This document reviews biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. It discusses biodiesel production processes and feedstocks used worldwide. The key points are:
- Biodiesel has advantages over fossil fuels like being renewable, biodegradable and reducing exhaust emissions. However, biodiesel has less energy content than diesel.
- Common biodiesel feedstocks discussed are cottonseed, soybean, rapeseed, jatropha and palm oil. Feedstock selection is important as it affects 75% of production costs.
- The document also looks at biodiesel potential in India, including a national mission to promote jatropha cultivation and use. It concludes that biodiesel can reduce
Bio diesel energy systems and technology best sie.v17 ch9 twas trieste publicProf Parameshwar P Iyer
Chapter from an UNDP Project Report on Sustainable Energy Systems prepared by the Third World Academy of Sciences, Trieste, Italy based on an International Workshop conducted in August 2006
ABSTRACT- Due to the concern on the accessibility of recoverable fossil fuel resources and the environmental
problems caused by the use those fossil fuels, considerable attention has been given to biodiesel production as an
alternative to petro-diesel. In Iran, biodiesel can be as an optimum alternative fuel for diesel fuel. The biodiesel production
potential from oil seeds such as cottonseed, soybean, rapeseed, corn, sesame, olive, sunflower, safflower, almond, walnut
and hazelnut in Iran was investigated. Oil seeds are not commonly used for energy application in Iran. This is because of
noticeable resources of oil and natural gas in Iran and also most of the edible oil (almost 90%) is being imported for
human consumption. Purpose of this study is to cover several outlooks on the size of the biodiesel oil seeds resource in
Iran. In the present study, data was collected from Iran’s Ministry of Agriculture in 2014. Around Iran, 826708.6 ha of
land from 13 states are anticipated to be suitable land for cultivating of oil seeds. There are about 2.72 million tons of oil
seed crops in Iran that can potentially produce 408692.088 million litter of biodiesel every year. Cottonseed, soybean,
rapeseed, almond and olive are the most favourable biodiesel production source. In Iran, water is a main problem for
growing plants, therefore drought-resistant oil seed crops will be produced such as cotton, rapeseed, soybean and
safflower etc. Based on the results, drought-resistant oil seed crops can be grown in Iran and these oils can be used in
biodiesel production industry.
Key-words- Iran, Bioenergy, Biodiesel, Oil seed
The transportation, agricultural and power sector of India is largely dependent on
fossil fuels that decrease day by day. The government has to import large volumes of
fuel from foreign sources to meet the fuel demand for power production, causing a
negative impact on the country’s economy. Biodiesel can thus be a destined source to
future energy demands. Increasing the usage of biodiesel will also decrease the global
problem of environmental pollution, as fossil fuels are considered to be the major
source of harmful emissions. In a developing country like India this is not practically
feasible to divert the edible oil for production of Biodiesel as the edible oil demand for
human consumption is always higher than its domestic production. Under Indian
climatic conditions only few plant sources can be considered for biodiesel production
which produces non-edible oil in greater quantity and can be cultivated at large scale
on non-cropped marginal and wastelands. In this study the available potential of
cotton seed oil and rice bran oil biodiesel feed stocks, comparison of cost analysis are
discussed. Producing biodiesel from cotton seed oil and rice bran oil feed stocks is
greatly possible, cost-effectiveness and availability of biodiesel needs to be carried out
to help ensure that biodiesel will be able to fully replace fossil fuel and can thus assist
in future energy needs
Day by day vehicle population in the world is increasing and usage of fossil fuel is also increasing. By using fossil fuel as a fuel in I C Engines will cause for health hazards, Global pollution, at the same time sources of fossil fuels are also decreasing. The countries like INDIA are depending on other countries for the petroleum based fuel and it will affect the development of the country also. The usage of Diesel fuel in India is six times greater than the Gasoline (petrol) fuel. The India has lot of resources to produce Liquid alternate fuels like Ethanol, Methanol, and Bio-Diesel etc... Bio-Diesel is a one of the Alternate fuel for Diesel fuel and it is produced from renewable sources (Plants). The pongamia tree is normally grown in the banks of canals, rivers etc... If the ripen and fallen seeds are collected that is sufficient to produce the bio fuel for the Indian farmers requirements. This paper presents a brief review about different research work done on the pongamia bio diesel. Plenty of researchers are doing their research on bio diesel by various innovative methods, fuel parameters like blending, pre '“ heating, dual fuel and engine parameters like compression ratio, fuel injection pressure, injection timing etc... In this paper various journals are collected from web resources and brief study has been done, concluded. N. Pavan Kumar | K. Hanumantha Rao | K. Radha Krishna"Pongamia Bio Diesel '“ A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14219.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/14219/pongamia-bio-diesel-'“-a-review/n-pavan-kumar
Eai presentation on second generation biofuels bangalore dec 2009Renganathan M G
Second generation biofuels have the potential to help India meet its biofuel mandates and reduce dependence on fossil fuel imports. Cellulosic ethanol made from agricultural waste and Jatropha biodiesel could utilize waste lands and meet India's entire gasoline needs. However, second generation biofuels in India remain in the pilot stage due to high production costs, lack of R&D investment, and insufficient government incentives. For second generation biofuels to succeed in India will require coordinated national efforts, significant R&D funding, and accelerated development of demonstration plants.
Significance of Bio-fuel in Aspect of BangladeshThought Maker
This document summarizes information about biofuels. It defines biofuels as solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels derived from biomass or living organisms. It discusses various biomass resources that can be used, such as agricultural crops and residues. It also outlines some of the technologies used to produce biofuels, including chemical/transesterification, physical/chemical extraction, and biochemical/fermentation processes. The document notes benefits of biofuels like being renewable and reducing greenhouse gases, but also mentions drawbacks like potentially being less sustainable or impacting food security. It concludes by discussing Bangladesh's potential to produce biofuels from native plants to reduce fuel imports and save foreign currency.
This document summarizes information about eco-friendly fuels such as compressed natural gas, biodiesel, solar energy, and electricity. It discusses why eco-friendly fuels are needed to reduce global warming and maintain ecological balance. Examples of eco-friendly fuels are provided along with details about biodiesel production in India. The advantages of eco-friendly fuels include lower emissions and renewability, while the disadvantages include higher production costs and potential impacts on food prices. The future of biofuels in India is seen as promising due to potential for rural development and energy security, with a target of 20% blending by 2017.
bio-energy Profitability of Jatropha Curcas L. cultivation as bio-diesel sou...Omid Minooee
This document analyzes the profitability of Jatropha Curcas L. cultivation for biodiesel production in Mysore district, India. It aims to define the current development of biodiesel from Jatropha, identify the competitiveness of Jatropha biodiesel in domestic and international markets by estimating production costs and prices, derive the best scenario for integrating biodiesel into India's energy mix, and determine how much income can be generated for rural poverty reduction. The document reviews the literature on Jatropha cultivation requirements, expected yields and profitability analysis, and concludes that producing Jatropha pure plant oil can generate positive returns at crude oil prices between $85-115 per barrel.
Bio diesel energy systems and technology best sie.v17 ch9 twas trieste publicProf Parameshwar P Iyer
Chapter from an UNDP Project Report on Sustainable Energy Systems prepared by the Third World Academy of Sciences, Trieste, Italy based on an International Workshop conducted in August 2006
ABSTRACT- Due to the concern on the accessibility of recoverable fossil fuel resources and the environmental
problems caused by the use those fossil fuels, considerable attention has been given to biodiesel production as an
alternative to petro-diesel. In Iran, biodiesel can be as an optimum alternative fuel for diesel fuel. The biodiesel production
potential from oil seeds such as cottonseed, soybean, rapeseed, corn, sesame, olive, sunflower, safflower, almond, walnut
and hazelnut in Iran was investigated. Oil seeds are not commonly used for energy application in Iran. This is because of
noticeable resources of oil and natural gas in Iran and also most of the edible oil (almost 90%) is being imported for
human consumption. Purpose of this study is to cover several outlooks on the size of the biodiesel oil seeds resource in
Iran. In the present study, data was collected from Iran’s Ministry of Agriculture in 2014. Around Iran, 826708.6 ha of
land from 13 states are anticipated to be suitable land for cultivating of oil seeds. There are about 2.72 million tons of oil
seed crops in Iran that can potentially produce 408692.088 million litter of biodiesel every year. Cottonseed, soybean,
rapeseed, almond and olive are the most favourable biodiesel production source. In Iran, water is a main problem for
growing plants, therefore drought-resistant oil seed crops will be produced such as cotton, rapeseed, soybean and
safflower etc. Based on the results, drought-resistant oil seed crops can be grown in Iran and these oils can be used in
biodiesel production industry.
Key-words- Iran, Bioenergy, Biodiesel, Oil seed
The transportation, agricultural and power sector of India is largely dependent on
fossil fuels that decrease day by day. The government has to import large volumes of
fuel from foreign sources to meet the fuel demand for power production, causing a
negative impact on the country’s economy. Biodiesel can thus be a destined source to
future energy demands. Increasing the usage of biodiesel will also decrease the global
problem of environmental pollution, as fossil fuels are considered to be the major
source of harmful emissions. In a developing country like India this is not practically
feasible to divert the edible oil for production of Biodiesel as the edible oil demand for
human consumption is always higher than its domestic production. Under Indian
climatic conditions only few plant sources can be considered for biodiesel production
which produces non-edible oil in greater quantity and can be cultivated at large scale
on non-cropped marginal and wastelands. In this study the available potential of
cotton seed oil and rice bran oil biodiesel feed stocks, comparison of cost analysis are
discussed. Producing biodiesel from cotton seed oil and rice bran oil feed stocks is
greatly possible, cost-effectiveness and availability of biodiesel needs to be carried out
to help ensure that biodiesel will be able to fully replace fossil fuel and can thus assist
in future energy needs
Day by day vehicle population in the world is increasing and usage of fossil fuel is also increasing. By using fossil fuel as a fuel in I C Engines will cause for health hazards, Global pollution, at the same time sources of fossil fuels are also decreasing. The countries like INDIA are depending on other countries for the petroleum based fuel and it will affect the development of the country also. The usage of Diesel fuel in India is six times greater than the Gasoline (petrol) fuel. The India has lot of resources to produce Liquid alternate fuels like Ethanol, Methanol, and Bio-Diesel etc... Bio-Diesel is a one of the Alternate fuel for Diesel fuel and it is produced from renewable sources (Plants). The pongamia tree is normally grown in the banks of canals, rivers etc... If the ripen and fallen seeds are collected that is sufficient to produce the bio fuel for the Indian farmers requirements. This paper presents a brief review about different research work done on the pongamia bio diesel. Plenty of researchers are doing their research on bio diesel by various innovative methods, fuel parameters like blending, pre '“ heating, dual fuel and engine parameters like compression ratio, fuel injection pressure, injection timing etc... In this paper various journals are collected from web resources and brief study has been done, concluded. N. Pavan Kumar | K. Hanumantha Rao | K. Radha Krishna"Pongamia Bio Diesel '“ A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14219.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/14219/pongamia-bio-diesel-'“-a-review/n-pavan-kumar
Eai presentation on second generation biofuels bangalore dec 2009Renganathan M G
Second generation biofuels have the potential to help India meet its biofuel mandates and reduce dependence on fossil fuel imports. Cellulosic ethanol made from agricultural waste and Jatropha biodiesel could utilize waste lands and meet India's entire gasoline needs. However, second generation biofuels in India remain in the pilot stage due to high production costs, lack of R&D investment, and insufficient government incentives. For second generation biofuels to succeed in India will require coordinated national efforts, significant R&D funding, and accelerated development of demonstration plants.
Significance of Bio-fuel in Aspect of BangladeshThought Maker
This document summarizes information about biofuels. It defines biofuels as solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels derived from biomass or living organisms. It discusses various biomass resources that can be used, such as agricultural crops and residues. It also outlines some of the technologies used to produce biofuels, including chemical/transesterification, physical/chemical extraction, and biochemical/fermentation processes. The document notes benefits of biofuels like being renewable and reducing greenhouse gases, but also mentions drawbacks like potentially being less sustainable or impacting food security. It concludes by discussing Bangladesh's potential to produce biofuels from native plants to reduce fuel imports and save foreign currency.
This document summarizes information about eco-friendly fuels such as compressed natural gas, biodiesel, solar energy, and electricity. It discusses why eco-friendly fuels are needed to reduce global warming and maintain ecological balance. Examples of eco-friendly fuels are provided along with details about biodiesel production in India. The advantages of eco-friendly fuels include lower emissions and renewability, while the disadvantages include higher production costs and potential impacts on food prices. The future of biofuels in India is seen as promising due to potential for rural development and energy security, with a target of 20% blending by 2017.
bio-energy Profitability of Jatropha Curcas L. cultivation as bio-diesel sou...Omid Minooee
This document analyzes the profitability of Jatropha Curcas L. cultivation for biodiesel production in Mysore district, India. It aims to define the current development of biodiesel from Jatropha, identify the competitiveness of Jatropha biodiesel in domestic and international markets by estimating production costs and prices, derive the best scenario for integrating biodiesel into India's energy mix, and determine how much income can be generated for rural poverty reduction. The document reviews the literature on Jatropha cultivation requirements, expected yields and profitability analysis, and concludes that producing Jatropha pure plant oil can generate positive returns at crude oil prices between $85-115 per barrel.
This document discusses the feasibility of installing rice husk power plants in Chhattisgarh, India to meet sustainable energy demands. Chhattisgarh produces a large amount of rice husk as a byproduct, which is often wasted. Rice husk can be used as a renewable fuel for power plants. A 10 MW potential pilot plant is analyzed as a case study. Calculations show that a power plant fueled by rice husk could generate electricity profitably and provide environmental benefits over fossil fuels. The state government supports renewable energy projects, and a similar rice husk power plant could potentially be established in Chhattisgarh to make productive use of the abundant rice husk resource.
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar to conventional or 'fossil' diesel. Biodiesel can be produced from straight vegetable oil, animal oil/fats, tallow and waste cooking oil. The process used to convert these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification. This process is described in more detail below
Ijaems apr-2016-21 Introduction of Smokeless Stove to Gari Producers at Koryi...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This document summarizes a study that introduced smokeless stoves to gari producers in Koryire, Ghana. A group of 10 producers (4 men and 6 women) was formed. A prototype smokeless stove was constructed with the group to teach them how to build their own. The stove cost about $124 to build and consumed 20% less firewood than traditional stoves. Using the smokeless stove created a more comfortable working environment for processors by eliminating smoke and heat stress. The group learned to build, operate, and maintain their own stoves using locally available materials. The study concluded that awareness of smokeless stoves was successfully raised in the community.
This document discusses various types of biofuels as alternatives to fossil fuels. It begins by defining biofuels as liquid fuels produced from plant products, including biodiesel, ethanol, methanol, and pure vegetable oils. Examples of feedstocks mentioned include palm, coconut, jatropha, rapeseed, and corn. The document then discusses some positives of biofuels such as being renewable, having lower emissions than fossil fuels, and being biodegradable. Specific feedstocks like jatropha, corn, sugar cane, and soybeans are also summarized briefly.
Review of Waste Management Approach for Producing Biomass Energy in Indiatheijes
The high volatility in fuel prices in the recent past, resulting turbulence in energy markets and the increase of the GHG has compelled many countries to look for alternate sources of energy, for both economic and environmental reasons. With growing public awareness about sanitation, and with increasing pressure on the government and urban local bodies to manage waste more efficiently, the Indian waste to energy sector is poised to grow at a rapid pace in the years to come. The dual pressing needs of waste management and reliable renewable energy source are creating attractive opportunities for investors and project developers in the waste to energy sector.
Ethical and social issues arising from biofulesmirzausman555
This document discusses some of the ethical and social issues arising from biofuels. It begins by defining biofuels as fuels produced from organic matter in a short period of time. It then contrasts biofuels with fossil fuels, noting that biofuels can provide energy security as an alternative to finite fossil fuels. The document outlines the two generations of biofuels and some of the main types - biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas. Finally, it lists some issues with biofuel production, including high costs, risks of monoculture farming, fertilizer use, impacts on food supply and price, industrial pollution, water use, and potential future price rises.
The document provides an overview of biofuels and discusses their history, current uses, and future perspectives. It begins with defining biofuels as fuels derived from organic substances like crops and residues. It then discusses the brief history of biofuels dating back to the 1850s and reasons for their reemergence in the early 1900s. The document outlines the current energy policy goals in the US related to biofuel production and notes some of the key biofuels in use today like corn ethanol and E85 blends. In closing, it discusses perspectives on land use requirements and environmental impacts related to expanding biofuel production.
Petroleum fuels are finite and their use contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, forcing development of alternative fuels. The document discusses biofuels as alternatives, specifically bioethanol and biodiesel which can replace gasoline and diesel. It provides details on production methods and feedstocks for various generations of biofuels. While biofuels have benefits like renewability and reducing emissions, their production costs remain higher than conventional fuels in most cases. Government policies aim to support biofuel industries for economic and environmental reasons.
The history of biofuels can be divided into four stages:
1) 1820s-1906: Lamp fuels like ethanol were popular until the US imposed a tax on ethanol but not kerosene, creating the oil industry.
2) 1906-1940s: Ethanol and other additives helped increase gasoline's octane rating to allow for more powerful car engines.
3) 1970s-1980s: The oil embargoes led to increased focus on ethanol to reduce dependence on foreign oil.
4) 1990s-present: Issues around carbon footprint and impacts on food and biodiversity have been recognized, leading to new certification standards in the EU and US.
This document provides an overview of a seminar presentation on energy plantations given by Indu Kale. The presentation covers topics such as the definition of energy plantations, their role in agroforestry and energy production, advantages of energy plantations, types of energy plantations including fuelwood, firewood and biofuel plantations. It also discusses high density short rotation forestry, case studies on fuelwood consumption and forest degradation, the national biofuel policy, suitable species for different regions, and concludes with recommendations for energy plantations.
Dr. Navin Sharma is Biofuel Programme Manager with the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) based in India. He holds a Ph D in Applied Biology from the University of Cambridge and has carried out his Postdoctoral work at the University of York. Navin has over 23 years of experience in industrial R&D working with two major FMCG companies: Unilever and ITC. He is currently leading a biofuels initiative being implemented in South Asia, Latin America and Africa. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/cop12
Rice husk ash fuel to wealth - for finance, subsidy & project related suppo...Radha Krishna Sahoo
This document summarizes the potential uses of rice husk and rice husk ash in India. It discusses how rice husk can be used to generate electricity in cogeneration power plants ranging from 2-10 MW. A sample energy balance and cost-benefit analysis is provided for a 5 MW plant. It estimates that such a plant could produce 42,000 MWh of electricity per year and 7,500 tonnes of rice husk ash, while offering power to industries at $2/kWh. The document also outlines several industrial applications for rice husk ash, such as a replacement for silica fume in high-performance concrete. Given India's large rice production, utilizing rice husk in these ways could boost
Final jatropha curcas presentation nust 21-22 march 2012apnainternational
THIS JATROPHA CURCAS PRESENTATION WAS PRESENTED BY RANA TAUSEEF IQBAL, MANAGING DIRECTOR, APNA INTERNATIONAL PVT. LTD. MULTAN AT N.U.S.T. ISLAMABAD IN A SEMINAR ON RENEWABLE ENERGY ON 21-22 MARCH, 2012 TO CREATE AWARENESS AMONG THE MASSES ABOUT BIODIESEL.
- The document analyzes the allocative and technical efficiencies of resources used in cocoyam production among small-scale farmers in Nigeria.
- Results of the allocative efficiency analysis showed that farm size, fertilizer, herbicide, and seeds were underutilized, while labor was overutilized.
- The technical efficiency analysis used a stochastic frontier production function model to estimate the production frontier and efficiency levels. It found room for improving efficient use of resources like land, fertilizer, herbicide, and seeds among cocoyam farmers.
Energy crops their worldwide usage Data and Zohaib HUSSAIN
Energy crops
Introduction
An energy crop is a plant grown as a low-cost and low-maintenance harvest used to make biofuels, such as bioethanol, or combusted for its energy content to generate electricity or heat. Energy cropsare generally categorized as woody or herbaceous plants; many of the latter are grasses (Graminaceae).
Commercial energy crops are typically densely planted, high-yielding crop species where the energy crops will be burnt to generate power. Woody crops such as willow or poplar are widely utilised, as well as temperate grasses such as Miscanthus and Pennisetum purpureum (both known as elephant grass). If carbohydrate content is desired for the production of biogas, whole-crops such as maize,Sudan grass, millet, white sweet clover and many others, can be made into silage and then converted into biogas.
Through genetic modification and application of biotechnology plants can be manipulated to create greater yields, reduce associated costs and require less water. However, high energy yield can be realized with existing cultivars.
Type of energy crops
1. Solid biomass
Energy generated by burning plants grown for the purpose, often after the dry matter is pelletized. Energy crops are used for firing power plants, either alone or co-fired with other fuels. Alternatively they may be used for heat or combined heat and power (CHP) production.
2. Gas biomass (methane)
Anaerobic digesters or biogas plants can be directly supplemented with energy crops once they have been ensiled into silage. The fastest growing sector of German biofarming has been in the area of "Renewable Energy Crops" on nearly 500,000 ha of land (2006) Energy crops can also be grown to boost gas yields where feedstocks have low energy content, such as manures and spoiled grain. It is estimated that the energy yield presently of bioenergy crops converted via silage to methane is about 2 GWh/km². Small mixed cropping enterprises with animals can use a portion of their acreage to grow and convert energy crops and sustain the entire farms energy requirements with about 1/5 the acreage. In Europe and especially Germany, however, this rapid growth has occurred only with substantial government support, as in the German bonus system for renewable energy. Similar developments of integrating crop farming and bioenergy production via silage-methane have been almost entirely overlooked in N. America, where political and structural issues and a huge continued push to centralize energy production has overshadowed positive developments.
3. Liquid biomass
Biodiesel
European production of biodiesel from energy crops has grown steadily in the last decade, principally focused on rapeseed used for oil and energy. Production of oil/biodiesel from rape covers more than 12,000 km² in Germany alone, and has doubled in the past 15 years. Typical yield of oil as pure biodiesel may be is 100,000 L/km² or more, making biodiesel crops economically attra
This document provides an introduction to a course on biofuels. The course will cover biodiesel production and use of straight vegetable oil as an alternative fuel. Students will learn how to make and test biodiesel, convert vehicles to run on straight vegetable oil, and the sustainability benefits of biofuels. The course instructors, Rachel and Leif, are introduced. Key topics that will be covered include how diesel engines and fuel systems work, the future of biodiesel, and sustainability. Readings and resources are provided.
Biofuels are liquids that derive from bio mass, both from plant materials and animal fat. Biofuels are products that can be processed in to liquid fuels for either transport or heating purposes. The most popular forms of biofuel are bioethanol, biodiesel and methanol. Bio ethanol is an alcohol derived from sugar or starch crops by fermentation. A second generation of bio ethanol-lignocelluloses includes a range of forestry products such as forestry coppices and energy grasses. Bio ethanol can be used in pure from or blended with gasoline. Bio ethanol is produced from agricultural products including starchy and cereal crops such as sugarcane, corn, beets, wheat and sorghum. Bio diesel is derived from vegetable oils by reaction of the oil with methanol. A second generation of bio diesel technologies synthesizes diesel fuel from wood and straw to a gasification stage. Biodiesel can be used in pure form or blended with automotive diesel. Biodiesel is made from oil or tree seeds such as rapeseed, sunflower, soya, palm, Pongamapinnata, Andiroba(Carporaguianensis), Babassu(Orbigniasp), barley, Camelina(Camelina sativa) coconut(copra), Jatropha curcas, Cumary (Dipterus odorata),groundnut, mustard, peanut, fishoil, and animal fat. Biodiesel derived from green algae and cyanobacteria biomass has the potential for high volume and cost effective production. It is carbon neutral. In recent years, bioenergy has drawn attention as a sustainable energy resource that may help cope with rising energy prices, but also provides income to poor farmers and rural communities around the globe. Developing countries with tropical climate have a comparative advantage in growing energy with biomass. Advantages of using bio fuel are renewable fuel, low toxicity, biodegradable, lower emissions of contaminants, lower health risk, no sulfur dioxide emissions and higher flash point and also decreases the country’s dependence on imported petroleum. Biofuels represent important opportunities and challenges for sustainable development, both globally and domestically. Bio fuels can help to tackle climate change and improve rural employment and livelihood. Their reduced carbon emissions compared to conventional fuels and their positive impacts on rural development, together with the current high oil prices are key elements behind their market development. Thus bio diesel is a potential replacement for petroleum based liquid fuels. Biomass for fuel production is gaining importance in terms of its productivity, practicality and innovative potential to create a cost competitive, environment friendly and renewable source of liquid fuel.
The document discusses using unwanted food waste as a source for biofuels like biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel. It notes that food waste production is huge and current disposal causes pollution, while food waste is rich in hydrocarbons that can be converted to biofuels. It concludes that using food waste for biofuels production requires coordination across industries and would benefit from government policy support to help the industry grow and lower costs.
This document summarizes a literature review of biomass resources and bio-fuels industries in India. It begins by providing background on biomass energy use in India, noting that biomass meets the cooking energy needs of most rural households and 50% of urban households. It then reviews estimates of biomass consumption and supply in India. Next, it discusses the status of biomass technologies in India, including traditional biomass use, bagasse-based cogeneration, biomass gasifiers, and megawatt-scale grid-connected power generation. It concludes by reviewing India's biofuels industries, including the development of jatropha plantations and barriers to implementing biodiesel programs.
Technologies Involved in Biomass to Energy Conversion and its Utilization in ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses biomass conversion technologies used in India to generate energy from biomass. It begins with an introduction to biomass as a renewable energy source and India's growing installed capacity of renewable energy. It then describes the various types of biomass resources available in India, including wood/agricultural waste, solid waste, landfill gas, and biofuels. The major technologies currently used at large scale in India are discussed - co-firing of biomass with coal, gasification of biomass, and anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas. While biomass energy has benefits, issues associated with large-scale usage include potential environmental impacts if forest resources are overexploited and public health impacts if biomass
Comparative Analysis of CI Engine Fuelled with Mahua oil & Jatropha oil deriv...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of operating a compression ignition (CI) engine using fuels comprised of single and dual biodiesel blends derived from Mahua and Jatropha oils. Biodiesel is produced through a transesterification process involving vegetable oils and an alcohol (typically methanol) catalyzed by a base. The properties of biodiesel are similar to conventional diesel, including improved characteristics like reduced sulfur and aromatics content. The study aims to test Mahua oil biodiesel, Jatropha oil biodiesel, and a 50% blend of each, to analyze their performance characteristics when used in a CI engine. The results will help determine if dual biodiesel blends can provide benefits like reduced
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This document discusses the feasibility of installing rice husk power plants in Chhattisgarh, India to meet sustainable energy demands. Chhattisgarh produces a large amount of rice husk as a byproduct, which is often wasted. Rice husk can be used as a renewable fuel for power plants. A 10 MW potential pilot plant is analyzed as a case study. Calculations show that a power plant fueled by rice husk could generate electricity profitably and provide environmental benefits over fossil fuels. The state government supports renewable energy projects, and a similar rice husk power plant could potentially be established in Chhattisgarh to make productive use of the abundant rice husk resource.
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar to conventional or 'fossil' diesel. Biodiesel can be produced from straight vegetable oil, animal oil/fats, tallow and waste cooking oil. The process used to convert these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification. This process is described in more detail below
Ijaems apr-2016-21 Introduction of Smokeless Stove to Gari Producers at Koryi...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This document summarizes a study that introduced smokeless stoves to gari producers in Koryire, Ghana. A group of 10 producers (4 men and 6 women) was formed. A prototype smokeless stove was constructed with the group to teach them how to build their own. The stove cost about $124 to build and consumed 20% less firewood than traditional stoves. Using the smokeless stove created a more comfortable working environment for processors by eliminating smoke and heat stress. The group learned to build, operate, and maintain their own stoves using locally available materials. The study concluded that awareness of smokeless stoves was successfully raised in the community.
This document discusses various types of biofuels as alternatives to fossil fuels. It begins by defining biofuels as liquid fuels produced from plant products, including biodiesel, ethanol, methanol, and pure vegetable oils. Examples of feedstocks mentioned include palm, coconut, jatropha, rapeseed, and corn. The document then discusses some positives of biofuels such as being renewable, having lower emissions than fossil fuels, and being biodegradable. Specific feedstocks like jatropha, corn, sugar cane, and soybeans are also summarized briefly.
Review of Waste Management Approach for Producing Biomass Energy in Indiatheijes
The high volatility in fuel prices in the recent past, resulting turbulence in energy markets and the increase of the GHG has compelled many countries to look for alternate sources of energy, for both economic and environmental reasons. With growing public awareness about sanitation, and with increasing pressure on the government and urban local bodies to manage waste more efficiently, the Indian waste to energy sector is poised to grow at a rapid pace in the years to come. The dual pressing needs of waste management and reliable renewable energy source are creating attractive opportunities for investors and project developers in the waste to energy sector.
Ethical and social issues arising from biofulesmirzausman555
This document discusses some of the ethical and social issues arising from biofuels. It begins by defining biofuels as fuels produced from organic matter in a short period of time. It then contrasts biofuels with fossil fuels, noting that biofuels can provide energy security as an alternative to finite fossil fuels. The document outlines the two generations of biofuels and some of the main types - biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas. Finally, it lists some issues with biofuel production, including high costs, risks of monoculture farming, fertilizer use, impacts on food supply and price, industrial pollution, water use, and potential future price rises.
The document provides an overview of biofuels and discusses their history, current uses, and future perspectives. It begins with defining biofuels as fuels derived from organic substances like crops and residues. It then discusses the brief history of biofuels dating back to the 1850s and reasons for their reemergence in the early 1900s. The document outlines the current energy policy goals in the US related to biofuel production and notes some of the key biofuels in use today like corn ethanol and E85 blends. In closing, it discusses perspectives on land use requirements and environmental impacts related to expanding biofuel production.
Petroleum fuels are finite and their use contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, forcing development of alternative fuels. The document discusses biofuels as alternatives, specifically bioethanol and biodiesel which can replace gasoline and diesel. It provides details on production methods and feedstocks for various generations of biofuels. While biofuels have benefits like renewability and reducing emissions, their production costs remain higher than conventional fuels in most cases. Government policies aim to support biofuel industries for economic and environmental reasons.
The history of biofuels can be divided into four stages:
1) 1820s-1906: Lamp fuels like ethanol were popular until the US imposed a tax on ethanol but not kerosene, creating the oil industry.
2) 1906-1940s: Ethanol and other additives helped increase gasoline's octane rating to allow for more powerful car engines.
3) 1970s-1980s: The oil embargoes led to increased focus on ethanol to reduce dependence on foreign oil.
4) 1990s-present: Issues around carbon footprint and impacts on food and biodiversity have been recognized, leading to new certification standards in the EU and US.
This document provides an overview of a seminar presentation on energy plantations given by Indu Kale. The presentation covers topics such as the definition of energy plantations, their role in agroforestry and energy production, advantages of energy plantations, types of energy plantations including fuelwood, firewood and biofuel plantations. It also discusses high density short rotation forestry, case studies on fuelwood consumption and forest degradation, the national biofuel policy, suitable species for different regions, and concludes with recommendations for energy plantations.
Dr. Navin Sharma is Biofuel Programme Manager with the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) based in India. He holds a Ph D in Applied Biology from the University of Cambridge and has carried out his Postdoctoral work at the University of York. Navin has over 23 years of experience in industrial R&D working with two major FMCG companies: Unilever and ITC. He is currently leading a biofuels initiative being implemented in South Asia, Latin America and Africa. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/cop12
Rice husk ash fuel to wealth - for finance, subsidy & project related suppo...Radha Krishna Sahoo
This document summarizes the potential uses of rice husk and rice husk ash in India. It discusses how rice husk can be used to generate electricity in cogeneration power plants ranging from 2-10 MW. A sample energy balance and cost-benefit analysis is provided for a 5 MW plant. It estimates that such a plant could produce 42,000 MWh of electricity per year and 7,500 tonnes of rice husk ash, while offering power to industries at $2/kWh. The document also outlines several industrial applications for rice husk ash, such as a replacement for silica fume in high-performance concrete. Given India's large rice production, utilizing rice husk in these ways could boost
Final jatropha curcas presentation nust 21-22 march 2012apnainternational
THIS JATROPHA CURCAS PRESENTATION WAS PRESENTED BY RANA TAUSEEF IQBAL, MANAGING DIRECTOR, APNA INTERNATIONAL PVT. LTD. MULTAN AT N.U.S.T. ISLAMABAD IN A SEMINAR ON RENEWABLE ENERGY ON 21-22 MARCH, 2012 TO CREATE AWARENESS AMONG THE MASSES ABOUT BIODIESEL.
- The document analyzes the allocative and technical efficiencies of resources used in cocoyam production among small-scale farmers in Nigeria.
- Results of the allocative efficiency analysis showed that farm size, fertilizer, herbicide, and seeds were underutilized, while labor was overutilized.
- The technical efficiency analysis used a stochastic frontier production function model to estimate the production frontier and efficiency levels. It found room for improving efficient use of resources like land, fertilizer, herbicide, and seeds among cocoyam farmers.
Energy crops their worldwide usage Data and Zohaib HUSSAIN
Energy crops
Introduction
An energy crop is a plant grown as a low-cost and low-maintenance harvest used to make biofuels, such as bioethanol, or combusted for its energy content to generate electricity or heat. Energy cropsare generally categorized as woody or herbaceous plants; many of the latter are grasses (Graminaceae).
Commercial energy crops are typically densely planted, high-yielding crop species where the energy crops will be burnt to generate power. Woody crops such as willow or poplar are widely utilised, as well as temperate grasses such as Miscanthus and Pennisetum purpureum (both known as elephant grass). If carbohydrate content is desired for the production of biogas, whole-crops such as maize,Sudan grass, millet, white sweet clover and many others, can be made into silage and then converted into biogas.
Through genetic modification and application of biotechnology plants can be manipulated to create greater yields, reduce associated costs and require less water. However, high energy yield can be realized with existing cultivars.
Type of energy crops
1. Solid biomass
Energy generated by burning plants grown for the purpose, often after the dry matter is pelletized. Energy crops are used for firing power plants, either alone or co-fired with other fuels. Alternatively they may be used for heat or combined heat and power (CHP) production.
2. Gas biomass (methane)
Anaerobic digesters or biogas plants can be directly supplemented with energy crops once they have been ensiled into silage. The fastest growing sector of German biofarming has been in the area of "Renewable Energy Crops" on nearly 500,000 ha of land (2006) Energy crops can also be grown to boost gas yields where feedstocks have low energy content, such as manures and spoiled grain. It is estimated that the energy yield presently of bioenergy crops converted via silage to methane is about 2 GWh/km². Small mixed cropping enterprises with animals can use a portion of their acreage to grow and convert energy crops and sustain the entire farms energy requirements with about 1/5 the acreage. In Europe and especially Germany, however, this rapid growth has occurred only with substantial government support, as in the German bonus system for renewable energy. Similar developments of integrating crop farming and bioenergy production via silage-methane have been almost entirely overlooked in N. America, where political and structural issues and a huge continued push to centralize energy production has overshadowed positive developments.
3. Liquid biomass
Biodiesel
European production of biodiesel from energy crops has grown steadily in the last decade, principally focused on rapeseed used for oil and energy. Production of oil/biodiesel from rape covers more than 12,000 km² in Germany alone, and has doubled in the past 15 years. Typical yield of oil as pure biodiesel may be is 100,000 L/km² or more, making biodiesel crops economically attra
This document provides an introduction to a course on biofuels. The course will cover biodiesel production and use of straight vegetable oil as an alternative fuel. Students will learn how to make and test biodiesel, convert vehicles to run on straight vegetable oil, and the sustainability benefits of biofuels. The course instructors, Rachel and Leif, are introduced. Key topics that will be covered include how diesel engines and fuel systems work, the future of biodiesel, and sustainability. Readings and resources are provided.
Biofuels are liquids that derive from bio mass, both from plant materials and animal fat. Biofuels are products that can be processed in to liquid fuels for either transport or heating purposes. The most popular forms of biofuel are bioethanol, biodiesel and methanol. Bio ethanol is an alcohol derived from sugar or starch crops by fermentation. A second generation of bio ethanol-lignocelluloses includes a range of forestry products such as forestry coppices and energy grasses. Bio ethanol can be used in pure from or blended with gasoline. Bio ethanol is produced from agricultural products including starchy and cereal crops such as sugarcane, corn, beets, wheat and sorghum. Bio diesel is derived from vegetable oils by reaction of the oil with methanol. A second generation of bio diesel technologies synthesizes diesel fuel from wood and straw to a gasification stage. Biodiesel can be used in pure form or blended with automotive diesel. Biodiesel is made from oil or tree seeds such as rapeseed, sunflower, soya, palm, Pongamapinnata, Andiroba(Carporaguianensis), Babassu(Orbigniasp), barley, Camelina(Camelina sativa) coconut(copra), Jatropha curcas, Cumary (Dipterus odorata),groundnut, mustard, peanut, fishoil, and animal fat. Biodiesel derived from green algae and cyanobacteria biomass has the potential for high volume and cost effective production. It is carbon neutral. In recent years, bioenergy has drawn attention as a sustainable energy resource that may help cope with rising energy prices, but also provides income to poor farmers and rural communities around the globe. Developing countries with tropical climate have a comparative advantage in growing energy with biomass. Advantages of using bio fuel are renewable fuel, low toxicity, biodegradable, lower emissions of contaminants, lower health risk, no sulfur dioxide emissions and higher flash point and also decreases the country’s dependence on imported petroleum. Biofuels represent important opportunities and challenges for sustainable development, both globally and domestically. Bio fuels can help to tackle climate change and improve rural employment and livelihood. Their reduced carbon emissions compared to conventional fuels and their positive impacts on rural development, together with the current high oil prices are key elements behind their market development. Thus bio diesel is a potential replacement for petroleum based liquid fuels. Biomass for fuel production is gaining importance in terms of its productivity, practicality and innovative potential to create a cost competitive, environment friendly and renewable source of liquid fuel.
The document discusses using unwanted food waste as a source for biofuels like biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel. It notes that food waste production is huge and current disposal causes pollution, while food waste is rich in hydrocarbons that can be converted to biofuels. It concludes that using food waste for biofuels production requires coordination across industries and would benefit from government policy support to help the industry grow and lower costs.
This document summarizes a literature review of biomass resources and bio-fuels industries in India. It begins by providing background on biomass energy use in India, noting that biomass meets the cooking energy needs of most rural households and 50% of urban households. It then reviews estimates of biomass consumption and supply in India. Next, it discusses the status of biomass technologies in India, including traditional biomass use, bagasse-based cogeneration, biomass gasifiers, and megawatt-scale grid-connected power generation. It concludes by reviewing India's biofuels industries, including the development of jatropha plantations and barriers to implementing biodiesel programs.
Technologies Involved in Biomass to Energy Conversion and its Utilization in ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses biomass conversion technologies used in India to generate energy from biomass. It begins with an introduction to biomass as a renewable energy source and India's growing installed capacity of renewable energy. It then describes the various types of biomass resources available in India, including wood/agricultural waste, solid waste, landfill gas, and biofuels. The major technologies currently used at large scale in India are discussed - co-firing of biomass with coal, gasification of biomass, and anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas. While biomass energy has benefits, issues associated with large-scale usage include potential environmental impacts if forest resources are overexploited and public health impacts if biomass
Comparative Analysis of CI Engine Fuelled with Mahua oil & Jatropha oil deriv...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of operating a compression ignition (CI) engine using fuels comprised of single and dual biodiesel blends derived from Mahua and Jatropha oils. Biodiesel is produced through a transesterification process involving vegetable oils and an alcohol (typically methanol) catalyzed by a base. The properties of biodiesel are similar to conventional diesel, including improved characteristics like reduced sulfur and aromatics content. The study aims to test Mahua oil biodiesel, Jatropha oil biodiesel, and a 50% blend of each, to analyze their performance characteristics when used in a CI engine. The results will help determine if dual biodiesel blends can provide benefits like reduced
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Biofuels were first used by ancient people and have increased in popularity due to rising oil prices and the need for energy security. Biofuels can be made from biomass sources like sugarcane, maize, jatropha plants, and more. Ethanol is commonly made from sugarcane and is used as fuel in Brazil. Jatropha is a non-edible oilseed plant used to produce biodiesel and grows well in marginal lands. India aims to replace 20% of its diesel with jatropha biodiesel by promoting large-scale jatropha cultivation. Biotechnology advances may enhance biofuel production through genetic modification of energy crops.
IRJET- A Review of the Engine Performance and Emission Analysis using Cot...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the performance and emissions of an internal combustion engine running on cottonseed biodiesel and its blends. It finds that cottonseed biodiesel and its blends can be used in diesel engines without modification. Emissions of pollutants like nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide are lower compared to conventional diesel. However, brake thermal efficiency is lower for biodiesel blends due to their lower calorific value. B20 biodiesel blend improves brake thermal efficiency and reduces specific fuel consumption when used with hydrogen in dual-fuel mode. Refining of biodiesel is needed to reduce smoke in the exhaust.
EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC...IAEME Publication
In this study different fuels are synthesized by preparing blends of jatropha biodiesel-diesel and liquid fuel from waste plastic –diesel. Various means are employed to characterize the fuels and then their performance and emission characteristics are studied on compression ignition engine. The results were analyzed and the jatropha blended and waste plastic oil blended fuels are compared considering the reference test fuel diesel.
New Horizon Pvt. Ltd. is establishing a biodiesel production facility in Maharashtra, India using Jatropha seeds as a feedstock. The facility will have a production capacity of 5,000 kg per day. The document provides an overview of the company's vision and proprietary rights, as well as details on the financial requirements, manufacturing process, inventory management system, and marketing plan for the new biodiesel production operation.
IRJET- Production of Biodiesel from used Kitchen Oil using Hydrodynamic Cavit...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using hydrodynamic cavitation to produce biodiesel from used kitchen oil. It begins by providing background on biodiesel and how cavitation can enhance mass transfer and the transesterification reaction. It then discusses that India produces a large amount of waste cooking oil annually that could be used as a feedstock. The document reviews the chemical composition of various oils used in cooking and how they break down during the frying process. It proposes that cavitation can help overcome limitations in mixing during transesterification to produce biodiesel from this low-cost waste feedstock in a more efficient manner.
Journal of Science and Technology .It's our journal Original Quality Research papers and Strictly No Plagiarism on all the Publications. Journal of Science and Technology Research in practical, theoretical, and experimental Technological studies is the focus of this journal.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
WASTE OIL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR FUTURE –A REVIEWijiert bestjournal
The financial growth of the country is measured by efficient use of natural resources especially fuel. Fossil fuels have played a dominant role in t he rapid industrialization of the world and thereby increased and improved quality of life. How ever,due to the threat of supply crunch ever rising prices and the effect of green house gases c aused by conventional fuels there is an urgent need to explore the possibility of using waste oils (tire process oil) as alternative fuels to reduce the pollution and to increase the energy self-relia nce of the country. The study aims to review the alternative fuels for diesel engine for future. It was found that the properties of the TPO are almost same as that of pure diesel oil.
1. The document discusses biodiesel production from jatropha seeds in India. It details the transesterification process used to convert the seeds to biodiesel and glycerin.
2. Trials of biodiesel mixtures on trains and buses in India showed reductions in fuel costs and emissions. The country aims to substitute 20% of diesel with biodiesel by 2012.
3. Jatropha is presented as a suitable non-edible oilseed crop for biodiesel production in India that can grow in varied climates and poor soils, helping with soil improvement and poverty reduction.
This document summarizes information about biodiesel production from jatropha seeds in India. It discusses that biodiesel is produced through a transesterification process where jatropha oil reacts with methanol in the presence of a catalyst to produce methyl esters and glycerin. Jatropha is identified as a suitable non-edible oil source that can grow in varied climates and provide additional benefits. The economics of jatropha biodiesel production are presented, showing the costs and revenue from co-products. Initial trials of biodiesel train and bus services in India are also summarized, alongside national production targets.
The document discusses replacing non-renewable fuels with renewable fuels like bioethanol and biodiesel. It recommends starting with a 5% blend of these biofuels and gradually increasing the blend up to 20% over the next 10 years. This will help extend the timeline for exhausting non-renewable fuels while renewable fuel technologies are developed to fully replace them. A coordinated, uniform global increase in biofuel blending is suggested to maximize environmental and resource benefits.
Use of Jatropha Biodiesel in C.I. Engines- A reviewIJERA Editor
Petroleum based fuels play a vital role in rapid depletion of conventional energy sources. Along with their
increasing demands, these are also major contributors of air pollution which is contributing to greenhouse effect
and consequently to ozone layer depletion.
Major portion of today’s energy demand in India is being met with fossil fuels. Hence, it is high time that
alternative fuels for engines should be derived from different indigenous sources. As India is an agricultural
country, there is a wide scope for the production of vegetable oils (both edible and non-edible) from different oil
seeds.
This paper is based on recommending an alternate fuel for diesel engines. Expectations have been high for the
production of biodiesel from the Jatropha oil-crop. Jatropha is promoted as a drought and pest resistant crop,
with the potential to grow on degraded soils with a low amount of inputs. These characteristics encourage hope
for positive environmental and socio-economic impacts from Jatropha biodiesel.
This document presents a study on the performance of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel from Thumba (Citrullus colocynthis) oil and its blends with petroleum diesel. The experiment was conducted on a single cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine with a variable compression ratio. Two blends were tested, B20 with 20% Thumba biodiesel and B80 with 40% biodiesel. The performance parameters like power, efficiency, emissions were compared to petroleum diesel. At full load, the B40 blend achieved an efficiency of 29.87% compared to 29.49% for diesel. Thumba oil is a promising non-edible oil source for biodie
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Presentation on progress and recent trends in biodiesel (2)Hari Roy
The document discusses biodiesel development and implementation in India. It begins with an introduction about the scarcity of fossil fuels and benefits of renewable biofuels. It then outlines India's national biofuel mission and progress including biodiesel blending programs and test runs of biodiesel in trains and vehicles. The document also covers advantages of biodiesel like being environmentally friendly, disadvantages like higher costs. Key challenges discussed are land availability and price competitiveness. It concludes by stating biodiesel's potential as a renewable and less polluting fuel.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes research on the production and application of biodiesel. It discusses the history of biodiesel dating back to 1893 when diesel first used peanut oil. Methods of biodiesel production discussed include transesterification using supercritical methanol, ultrasonication, and microwave techniques. Nano particles are also explored as an additive to reduce emissions when biodiesel is used in engines without modification. Biodiesel cultivation and harvesting techniques for plants like jatropha are also summarized.
IRJET- Production of Biodiesel from Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil and its P...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that produced biodiesel from Cannabis sativa (hemp) seed oil through a transesterification process. The physicochemical properties of the hemp biodiesel were tested and found to meet ASTM standards. The hemp biodiesel was blended with base diesel in ratios from B10 to B100. Engine tests on a single cylinder diesel engine showed that B10 and B20 blends had similar brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption as base diesel. Emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were reduced on average, but nitrous oxide emissions increased compared to base diesel when using the hemp biodiesel blends. Smoke opacity also improved up
Similar to Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel for Compression Ignition Engines – A Review (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024