review on diesel engine applications of biodiesels from non edible resources...Madhurjya Saikia
Â
Over the number of years, biodiesel is being produced from various feed stocks that are from vegetable oils or animal fats and it is well established that biodiesel up to 20% blending in fossil diesel does not require any engine modification for use. Due to high cost involvement and food security in current situation for using edible resources to produce biodiesel, researchers in India are shifting attention towards non edible resources such as Karanja seed oil, Mahua oil, Jatropha seed oil, Cotton seed oil, Mesua ferrea seed oil, Yellow oleander seed oil etc which are available in ample amount throughout the subcontinent. Extensive research has been performed on the application of biodiesel produced from these non edible resources as a fuel in diesel engines in place of petroleum diesel. This review paper discusses application of biodiesel produced from different non edible feed stocks for their application in engines as an alternative to fossil diesel in terms of engine and emission performance.
performance and emission radiation using of indianIJAEMSJORNAL
Â
The study in made to replace the existing diesel fuel with the bio â fuels, for this fruit like Indian Pomegranate seed oil as bio â diesel is utilized. The main objective of this work is to discuss the impact of biodiesel from Pomegranate fruit seed oil bio-diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics diesel. In this study, the effect of bio-diesel from fruit seed oil [Indian Pomegranate seed oil] and its blends on a single cylinder Kirloskar TV-1 diesel engine were investigated. In this work, the performance, combustion and emission analysis were conducted. The tests were performed at steady state conditions with the blend ratio of B25, B50, B75 and B100. These represent the ratio of biodiesel in the blend and the rest diesel. The aim of this investigation was to reformulate the fuel to utilize the biodiesel and its blend to enhance the fuels performance, combustion characteristic and to reduce the pollution from the engine. In this work only Indian Jujube seed oil bio-diesel is utilized for the experimental work. The experimental results reveal a marginal decrease in brake thermal efficiency when compared to that of sole fuel. In this investigation, the emission test were done with the help of AVL DI gas analyzer, in which CO, HC and NOx are appreciably reduced on the other hand smoke, CO2 have marginal increased when compared to that of sole fuel. In this work combustion analysis also made with the help of AVL combustion analyzer in which bio diesel blend shows the better result when compared with diesel.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Investication of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...ijsrd.com
Â
Modernization and increase in the number of automobiles worldwide, the consumption of diesel and gasoline has enormously increased. As petroleum is non renewable source of energy and the petroleum reserves are scarce now days, there is a need to search for alternative fuels for automobiles. The intensive search for alternative fuels for compression ignition engines has been focused attention on fuels which can be derived from bio mass in this regard karanja and jatropha seed oil is found to be a potential fuel for C.I Engines. The properties of karanja oil and jatropha oil are determined by using standard methods. The experiment is to be conduct when the engine fuelled with mixing of karanja oil(50%) and jatropha oil(50%) blend by volume and then investigate the performance and emission characteristics of Multi Cylinder Four Stroke Compressed Ignition Engine at different brake power outputs, and then compared with that of diesel.
review on diesel engine applications of biodiesels from non edible resources...Madhurjya Saikia
Â
Over the number of years, biodiesel is being produced from various feed stocks that are from vegetable oils or animal fats and it is well established that biodiesel up to 20% blending in fossil diesel does not require any engine modification for use. Due to high cost involvement and food security in current situation for using edible resources to produce biodiesel, researchers in India are shifting attention towards non edible resources such as Karanja seed oil, Mahua oil, Jatropha seed oil, Cotton seed oil, Mesua ferrea seed oil, Yellow oleander seed oil etc which are available in ample amount throughout the subcontinent. Extensive research has been performed on the application of biodiesel produced from these non edible resources as a fuel in diesel engines in place of petroleum diesel. This review paper discusses application of biodiesel produced from different non edible feed stocks for their application in engines as an alternative to fossil diesel in terms of engine and emission performance.
performance and emission radiation using of indianIJAEMSJORNAL
Â
The study in made to replace the existing diesel fuel with the bio â fuels, for this fruit like Indian Pomegranate seed oil as bio â diesel is utilized. The main objective of this work is to discuss the impact of biodiesel from Pomegranate fruit seed oil bio-diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics diesel. In this study, the effect of bio-diesel from fruit seed oil [Indian Pomegranate seed oil] and its blends on a single cylinder Kirloskar TV-1 diesel engine were investigated. In this work, the performance, combustion and emission analysis were conducted. The tests were performed at steady state conditions with the blend ratio of B25, B50, B75 and B100. These represent the ratio of biodiesel in the blend and the rest diesel. The aim of this investigation was to reformulate the fuel to utilize the biodiesel and its blend to enhance the fuels performance, combustion characteristic and to reduce the pollution from the engine. In this work only Indian Jujube seed oil bio-diesel is utilized for the experimental work. The experimental results reveal a marginal decrease in brake thermal efficiency when compared to that of sole fuel. In this investigation, the emission test were done with the help of AVL DI gas analyzer, in which CO, HC and NOx are appreciably reduced on the other hand smoke, CO2 have marginal increased when compared to that of sole fuel. In this work combustion analysis also made with the help of AVL combustion analyzer in which bio diesel blend shows the better result when compared with diesel.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Investication of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...ijsrd.com
Â
Modernization and increase in the number of automobiles worldwide, the consumption of diesel and gasoline has enormously increased. As petroleum is non renewable source of energy and the petroleum reserves are scarce now days, there is a need to search for alternative fuels for automobiles. The intensive search for alternative fuels for compression ignition engines has been focused attention on fuels which can be derived from bio mass in this regard karanja and jatropha seed oil is found to be a potential fuel for C.I Engines. The properties of karanja oil and jatropha oil are determined by using standard methods. The experiment is to be conduct when the engine fuelled with mixing of karanja oil(50%) and jatropha oil(50%) blend by volume and then investigate the performance and emission characteristics of Multi Cylinder Four Stroke Compressed Ignition Engine at different brake power outputs, and then compared with that of diesel.
Emission Analysis of Sapodilla seed oil as bio-dieselIJCMESJOURNAL
Â
The study in made to replace the existing diesel fuel with the bio â fuels, for this fruit like Sapodilla seed oil as bio â diesel is utilized. The main objective of this work is to discuss the impact of biodiesel from Sapodilla fruit seed oil bio-diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics diesel. In this study, the effect of bio-diesel from fruit seed oil [Sapodilla seed oil] and its blends on a single cylinder Kirloskar TV-1 diesel engine were investigated. In this work, the performance, combustion and emission analysis were conducted. The tests were performed at steady state conditions with the blend ratio of B25, B50, B75 and B100. These represent the ratio of biodiesel in the blend and the rest diesel. The aim of this investigation was to reformulate the fuel to utilize the biodiesel and its blend to enhance the fuels performance, combustion characteristic and to reduce the pollution from the engine. In this work only Sapodilla seed oil bio-diesel is utilized for the experimental work. The experimental results reveal a marginal decrease in brake thermal efficiency when compared to that of sole fuel. In this investigation, the emission test were done with the help of AVL DI gas analyzer, in which CO, HC and NOx are appreciably reduced on the other hand smoke, CO2 have marginal increased when compared to that of sole fuel. In this work combustion analysis also made with the help of AVL combustion analyzer in which bio diesel blend shows the better result when compared with diesel.
WASTE OIL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR FUTURE âA REVIEWijiert bestjournal
Â
The financial growth of the country is measured by efficient use of natural resources especially fuel. Fossil fuels have played a dominant role in t he rapid industrialization of the world and thereby increased and improved quality of life. How ever,due to the threat of supply crunch ever rising prices and the effect of green house gases c aused by conventional fuels there is an urgent need to explore the possibility of using waste oils (tire process oil) as alternative fuels to reduce the pollution and to increase the energy self-relia nce of the country. The study aims to review the alternative fuels for diesel engine for future. It was found that the properties of the TPO are almost same as that of pure diesel oil.
Experimental Investigation on Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteri...ijsrd.com
Â
Continuous rise in the conventional fuel prices and shortage of its supply have increased the interest in the field of the alternative sources for petroleum fuels. In this present work, experimentation was carried out to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of desert date biodiesel and its blends. For this experiment a single cylinder, four strokes, naturally aspired, direct injection, water cooled, eddy current dynamometer Kirloskar diesel engine at 1500 rpm for variable loads. Initially, desert date biodiesel and its blends were chosen. The physical and chemical properties of desert date biodiesel were determined. The tests were carried out over entire range of engine operation at varying conditions of load. The engine performance parameters studied were brake horse power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust temperature and mechanical efficiency. The emission characteristics studied are CO, HC, NOx and smoke opacity. These results are compared to those of pure diesel. These results are again compared to the other results of neat oils available in the literature for validation. By analyzing the graphs, it was observed that performance characteristics are reduced and emission characteristics are lowered compare to the diesel. This is mainly due to lower calorific value, higher viscosity and delayed combustion process. From the analysis of graphs it is observed that B10 and B20 blends are best suited for diesel engine. The present experimental results show that fish oil biodiesel and its blends can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Ijaems apr-2016-2 Experimental Parametric Study of Biodiesel to Develop Econo...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Â
In this globalization realm, there in constant growth in the rate of expenditure of fossil fuels, consequent on ever increasing population and urbanization. This gives charge to depletion of finite resources in the near future. Fossil fuel emission causes global-warming also green-house gases are intangible factor which collectively degrading the planet. As such, the situation demands for an alternate source of energy that can be used to overcome the conjectured energy crisis. In contrast to this, if the energy source is clean and renewable, it will reduce the environmental trouble as well. In the quest an alternate and renewable energy resources, scientists have plead with a variety of options among which biodiesel-diesel blends as alternative fuels has become a popular option and is getting the attention of many researchers. This is because scientists have enlist the properties of biodiesel prepared from vegetable oils are very close to commercial diesel and thus it has a promising future as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Biodiesel being renewable, biodegradable and green fuel can reduce our dependence on conventional/non-renewable fossil fuels and it also helps to keep pure quality of air by reducing obnoxious automotive/vehicular emissions. Possible solution of this problem is to replace or find renewable and economically feasible fuel as an alternative source. Already a lot of work for source which fulfill the criteria of sustainability and economical carried out. But the effluent is critical issues. So characterization and formation of biodiesel with zero effluent is prime objective.
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
Â
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
EFFECT OF INJECTION PRESSURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CI ENGINE FUELED WITH WCOashutoshDas123
Â
A comprehensive combustion analysis has been conducted to evaluate the performance of a commercial DI engine, water cooled two cylinders, in-line, naturally aspirated, RD270 Ruggerini diesel engine using waste vegetable cooking oil as an alternative fuel. In order to compare the brake power and the torques values of the engine, it has been tested under same operating conditions with diesel fuel and waste cooking biodiesel fuel blends. The results were found to be very comparable. The properties of biodiesel produced from waste vegetable oil was measured based on ASTM standards. The total sulfur content of the produced biodiesel fuel was 18 ppm which is 28 times lesser than the existing diesel fuel sulfur content used in the diesel vehicles operating in Tehran city (500 ppm).
The maximum power and torque produced using diesel fuel was 18.2 kW and 64.2 Nm at 3200 and 2400 rpm respectively. By adding 20% of waste vegetable oil methyl ester, it was noticed that the maximum power and torque increased by 2.7 and 2.9% respectively. The growing concern about energy resources and the environment has increased interest in the study of alternative energy sources. To meet the requirements of energy expenditure there has been a growing curiosity in alternative fuels such as biodiesel to provide a room for diesel oil appropriate for internal combustion engines. The need for fossil fuels and the emissions generated by these fuels increase daily.
Researchers are on the verge of global warming and climate change, and energy sustainability and the use of materials are important issues today. Biodiesel is another fuel to be put in place of diesel fuel by processing used cooking oil. However, the products formed during the frying process have influenced the transesterification reaction and the biodiesel properties. These experiments on the analysis of C.I. engine that uses diesel and residual cooking oil mixture. They can be recycled and used multiple times, thus offering a cheaper way to produce biodiesel. The advantages and disadvantages of these heterogeneous catalysts are presented. Future work focuses on the application of economically and environmentally sounds solid catalysts in biodiesel production using WCO as raw material.
Experimental Analysis of a Diesel Engine Run on Different Biodiesel Fuel Blendsijtsrd
Â
Ever increasing rate in the production of automotive vehicles and the significance of decreasing the pollutions in nature trigger numerous researches to find the alternative solution. Biodiesel has been considered a vital fuel for diesel engine view point. In the present study a single cylinder diesel engine was run fully on non-petroleum fuels blends. In this regard Jatropha methyl ester JME and waste transformer oil WTO were selected as a fuel for the replacement of diesel. diesel engines such as fuel direct injection method is used. The WTO at low percentages 10-40 at regular intervals of 10 on a volume basis , was blended with diesel, to get the fuel blends for the investigation. The performance and emission terms were compared, analyzed and presented in this article. Vidya Sagar Mishra | Dr. Nitin Tenguria "Experimental Analysis of a Diesel Engine Run on Different Biodiesel Fuel Blends" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21582.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/21582/experimental-analysis-of-a-diesel-engine-run-on-different-biodiesel-fuel-blends/vidya-sagar-mishra
Production of syngas from agricultural residue as a renewable fuel and its su...Jatinderpal Singh gill
Â
In the present era, the world is in a difficult position as the prime problems, like
continuous depletion of nonrenewable energy resources at a brisk rate and
environment pollution due to emission of greenhouse gases which are
released on burning fossil fuels, are worsening day by day. Due to this, the
interest of the researchers is shifting toward the idea of alternative fuels
derived from biomasses, which are renewable in nature and eco-friendly in
contrast to the conventional fossil fuels, to reduce the dependence on exhausting nonrenewable energy sources. In the present study, agricultural residues
like cotton stalks and wheat straws are processed in a downdraft gasifier to
produce syngas through biomass gasification. The produced syngas is further
inducted in a gasifier-coupled dual-fuel compression ignition (DFCI) engine to
investigate the performance, emission, and noise characteristics of the dual
fuel engine to compare the standard diesel operation and syngas-diesel dual
fuel operation. The results during the investigation concluded that Dual Fuel
Compression Ignition (DFCI) engine works satisfactorily in dual fuel mode of
syngas-diesel. Moreover, a maximum 44.44% of reduction in diesel consumption is observed with a slight decrease in indicated power by 3.49% at the
maximum loading condition. In addition to the reduction in diesel consumption, the emission of nitrogen oxide was reduced by maximum of 76.74% in
dual fuel mode as compared to standard diesel operation.
Emission Analysis of Sapodilla seed oil as bio-dieselIJCMESJOURNAL
Â
The study in made to replace the existing diesel fuel with the bio â fuels, for this fruit like Sapodilla seed oil as bio â diesel is utilized. The main objective of this work is to discuss the impact of biodiesel from Sapodilla fruit seed oil bio-diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics diesel. In this study, the effect of bio-diesel from fruit seed oil [Sapodilla seed oil] and its blends on a single cylinder Kirloskar TV-1 diesel engine were investigated. In this work, the performance, combustion and emission analysis were conducted. The tests were performed at steady state conditions with the blend ratio of B25, B50, B75 and B100. These represent the ratio of biodiesel in the blend and the rest diesel. The aim of this investigation was to reformulate the fuel to utilize the biodiesel and its blend to enhance the fuels performance, combustion characteristic and to reduce the pollution from the engine. In this work only Sapodilla seed oil bio-diesel is utilized for the experimental work. The experimental results reveal a marginal decrease in brake thermal efficiency when compared to that of sole fuel. In this investigation, the emission test were done with the help of AVL DI gas analyzer, in which CO, HC and NOx are appreciably reduced on the other hand smoke, CO2 have marginal increased when compared to that of sole fuel. In this work combustion analysis also made with the help of AVL combustion analyzer in which bio diesel blend shows the better result when compared with diesel.
WASTE OIL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR FUTURE âA REVIEWijiert bestjournal
Â
The financial growth of the country is measured by efficient use of natural resources especially fuel. Fossil fuels have played a dominant role in t he rapid industrialization of the world and thereby increased and improved quality of life. How ever,due to the threat of supply crunch ever rising prices and the effect of green house gases c aused by conventional fuels there is an urgent need to explore the possibility of using waste oils (tire process oil) as alternative fuels to reduce the pollution and to increase the energy self-relia nce of the country. The study aims to review the alternative fuels for diesel engine for future. It was found that the properties of the TPO are almost same as that of pure diesel oil.
Experimental Investigation on Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteri...ijsrd.com
Â
Continuous rise in the conventional fuel prices and shortage of its supply have increased the interest in the field of the alternative sources for petroleum fuels. In this present work, experimentation was carried out to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of desert date biodiesel and its blends. For this experiment a single cylinder, four strokes, naturally aspired, direct injection, water cooled, eddy current dynamometer Kirloskar diesel engine at 1500 rpm for variable loads. Initially, desert date biodiesel and its blends were chosen. The physical and chemical properties of desert date biodiesel were determined. The tests were carried out over entire range of engine operation at varying conditions of load. The engine performance parameters studied were brake horse power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust temperature and mechanical efficiency. The emission characteristics studied are CO, HC, NOx and smoke opacity. These results are compared to those of pure diesel. These results are again compared to the other results of neat oils available in the literature for validation. By analyzing the graphs, it was observed that performance characteristics are reduced and emission characteristics are lowered compare to the diesel. This is mainly due to lower calorific value, higher viscosity and delayed combustion process. From the analysis of graphs it is observed that B10 and B20 blends are best suited for diesel engine. The present experimental results show that fish oil biodiesel and its blends can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Ijaems apr-2016-2 Experimental Parametric Study of Biodiesel to Develop Econo...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Â
In this globalization realm, there in constant growth in the rate of expenditure of fossil fuels, consequent on ever increasing population and urbanization. This gives charge to depletion of finite resources in the near future. Fossil fuel emission causes global-warming also green-house gases are intangible factor which collectively degrading the planet. As such, the situation demands for an alternate source of energy that can be used to overcome the conjectured energy crisis. In contrast to this, if the energy source is clean and renewable, it will reduce the environmental trouble as well. In the quest an alternate and renewable energy resources, scientists have plead with a variety of options among which biodiesel-diesel blends as alternative fuels has become a popular option and is getting the attention of many researchers. This is because scientists have enlist the properties of biodiesel prepared from vegetable oils are very close to commercial diesel and thus it has a promising future as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Biodiesel being renewable, biodegradable and green fuel can reduce our dependence on conventional/non-renewable fossil fuels and it also helps to keep pure quality of air by reducing obnoxious automotive/vehicular emissions. Possible solution of this problem is to replace or find renewable and economically feasible fuel as an alternative source. Already a lot of work for source which fulfill the criteria of sustainability and economical carried out. But the effluent is critical issues. So characterization and formation of biodiesel with zero effluent is prime objective.
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
Â
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
EFFECT OF INJECTION PRESSURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CI ENGINE FUELED WITH WCOashutoshDas123
Â
A comprehensive combustion analysis has been conducted to evaluate the performance of a commercial DI engine, water cooled two cylinders, in-line, naturally aspirated, RD270 Ruggerini diesel engine using waste vegetable cooking oil as an alternative fuel. In order to compare the brake power and the torques values of the engine, it has been tested under same operating conditions with diesel fuel and waste cooking biodiesel fuel blends. The results were found to be very comparable. The properties of biodiesel produced from waste vegetable oil was measured based on ASTM standards. The total sulfur content of the produced biodiesel fuel was 18 ppm which is 28 times lesser than the existing diesel fuel sulfur content used in the diesel vehicles operating in Tehran city (500 ppm).
The maximum power and torque produced using diesel fuel was 18.2 kW and 64.2 Nm at 3200 and 2400 rpm respectively. By adding 20% of waste vegetable oil methyl ester, it was noticed that the maximum power and torque increased by 2.7 and 2.9% respectively. The growing concern about energy resources and the environment has increased interest in the study of alternative energy sources. To meet the requirements of energy expenditure there has been a growing curiosity in alternative fuels such as biodiesel to provide a room for diesel oil appropriate for internal combustion engines. The need for fossil fuels and the emissions generated by these fuels increase daily.
Researchers are on the verge of global warming and climate change, and energy sustainability and the use of materials are important issues today. Biodiesel is another fuel to be put in place of diesel fuel by processing used cooking oil. However, the products formed during the frying process have influenced the transesterification reaction and the biodiesel properties. These experiments on the analysis of C.I. engine that uses diesel and residual cooking oil mixture. They can be recycled and used multiple times, thus offering a cheaper way to produce biodiesel. The advantages and disadvantages of these heterogeneous catalysts are presented. Future work focuses on the application of economically and environmentally sounds solid catalysts in biodiesel production using WCO as raw material.
Experimental Analysis of a Diesel Engine Run on Different Biodiesel Fuel Blendsijtsrd
Â
Ever increasing rate in the production of automotive vehicles and the significance of decreasing the pollutions in nature trigger numerous researches to find the alternative solution. Biodiesel has been considered a vital fuel for diesel engine view point. In the present study a single cylinder diesel engine was run fully on non-petroleum fuels blends. In this regard Jatropha methyl ester JME and waste transformer oil WTO were selected as a fuel for the replacement of diesel. diesel engines such as fuel direct injection method is used. The WTO at low percentages 10-40 at regular intervals of 10 on a volume basis , was blended with diesel, to get the fuel blends for the investigation. The performance and emission terms were compared, analyzed and presented in this article. Vidya Sagar Mishra | Dr. Nitin Tenguria "Experimental Analysis of a Diesel Engine Run on Different Biodiesel Fuel Blends" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21582.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/21582/experimental-analysis-of-a-diesel-engine-run-on-different-biodiesel-fuel-blends/vidya-sagar-mishra
Production of syngas from agricultural residue as a renewable fuel and its su...Jatinderpal Singh gill
Â
In the present era, the world is in a difficult position as the prime problems, like
continuous depletion of nonrenewable energy resources at a brisk rate and
environment pollution due to emission of greenhouse gases which are
released on burning fossil fuels, are worsening day by day. Due to this, the
interest of the researchers is shifting toward the idea of alternative fuels
derived from biomasses, which are renewable in nature and eco-friendly in
contrast to the conventional fossil fuels, to reduce the dependence on exhausting nonrenewable energy sources. In the present study, agricultural residues
like cotton stalks and wheat straws are processed in a downdraft gasifier to
produce syngas through biomass gasification. The produced syngas is further
inducted in a gasifier-coupled dual-fuel compression ignition (DFCI) engine to
investigate the performance, emission, and noise characteristics of the dual
fuel engine to compare the standard diesel operation and syngas-diesel dual
fuel operation. The results during the investigation concluded that Dual Fuel
Compression Ignition (DFCI) engine works satisfactorily in dual fuel mode of
syngas-diesel. Moreover, a maximum 44.44% of reduction in diesel consumption is observed with a slight decrease in indicated power by 3.49% at the
maximum loading condition. In addition to the reduction in diesel consumption, the emission of nitrogen oxide was reduced by maximum of 76.74% in
dual fuel mode as compared to standard diesel operation.
Proximate, Mineral and Anti-Nutrient Evaluation of Pumpkin Pulp (Cucurbita Pepo)IOSR Journals
Â
Abstract: Proximate, minerals and anti-nutritional concentration of Pumpkin pulp (Cucurbita pepo) were investigated using standard analytical methods as stipulated by AOAC (1990), Agte el al; (1995), Chapman and Pratt, (1961), Kadhakrishna and Sivaprasad (1980), Nelson (1968),Day and underwood, (1986). The proximate composition (%) showed that pumpkin pulp contained Total ash 15.988 ± 0.10, Moisture 0.532 ± 0.10, Fat extract 2.300 ± 0.01 Crude fibre 11.463 ± 0.10, Crude protein 3.070 ± 0.01 and Carbohydrate by difference 66.647 ± 0.01% .The mineral element were Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni and P with values of 189.91 ± 0.2, 179.01 ± 0.2, 0.502 ± 0.1, 1.370 ± 0.1, 3.910 ± 0.1, 0.290 ± 0.1, 0.110 ± o.1 and 11.83 ± 0.2 mg/kg respectively also Na and K with values of 159.01 ± 0.2 and K 160.31 ± 0.1 mg/l00kg were estimated using Flame Emission spectrophotometer. The anti-nutritional analysis of pumpkin pulp gives Phytates 0.618 ± 0.100mgl100kg, Oxalates 16.297 ± 0.100 mg/100kg and Tannins 0.358 ± 0.100 mg/100kg. The results obtained above goes a long way to proof that pumpkin pulp is highly nutritious and at the same time can be used as food formulation for infant due to its nutritional composition.
Key Words: Cucurbita pepo, cucurbitaceae, pumpkin pulp, proximate analysis, mineral
Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Multicylinder Diesel ...ijsrd.com
Â
Continuous rise in the conventional fuel prices and shortage of its supply have increased the interest in the field of the alternative sources for petroleum fuels. Biodiesel is one such alternative source which provides advantage of pollution control. In the present work, experimentation is carried out to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Rice-Bran biodiesel and diesel. In this experiment a multi cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspired, direct injection, water cooled, eddy current dynamometer, TATA Indica V2 diesel engine is used at variable speed condition. Crude oil is converted into biodiesel and characterization has been done. The experiment is conducted at variable speed condition. The engine performance parameters studied were brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency. The emission characteristics studied are CO, CO2, UBHC, mean gas temperature, exhaust gas temperature and smoke opacity. The combustion characteristics studied are cylinder pressure, mass fraction burned, net heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate and rate of pressure rise. These results are compared to those of pure diesel. These results are again compared to the corresponding results of the diesel. From the graph it has been observed that, there is a reduction in performance, combustion characteristics and emission characteristics compared to the diesel. This is mainly due to lower calorific value, higher viscosity, lower mean gas temperature and delayed combustion process. The present experimental results show that Rice-Bran biodiesel can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine.
The search for alternative fuels in last few decades is intensive due to the rapid
depletion of petroleum fuels and their ever increasing costs. There is a great need to
reduce the consumption of conventional fuels in both developed and developing countries.
The consumption and demand of the petroleum based fuels is increasing every year due
to the increased industrialization and innovation in the world. The aim of the present
experimental work is to evaluate the impact of various compression ratio using blends of
diesel fuel with 20% concentration of Methyl Ester of Jatropha biodiesel blended with bio
additive and the blends of diesel fuel with 20% concentration of methyl ester of mahua
biodiesel blended with bio additive as an alternate fuel. The experiment is carried out
with three different compression ratios in DI diesel engine. Biodiesel is extracted from
Jatropha oil and mahua oil, 20% (B20) concentration with 3ml bio additive is found to
be the best blend ratio from the earlier experimental study. 3ml of biodiesel B20MEOJBA
and 3ml of B20MEOMBA is tested with compression ratio of 17.5. The purpose of the
experimental study is to obtain better efficiency, minimum specific fuel consumption, and
lower smoke and lesser emission. This is done by increasing cetane number using
combustion additives of 3ml bio additive blends with biodiesel when compared with the
baseline diesel.
an experimental investigation and comparative analysis on a four stroke cINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Â
An experimental analysis was made to investigate two non edible oils (hazelnut and palm), blending with neat diesel fuel with the proportions of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% by volume and used as fuel in a single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled, Compression Ignition engine. Experimental tests were conducted by using the above bio-diesel blends as fuel operated with the above mentioned engine working at various loads. Performance parameters and exhaust emissions of hazelnut and crambe bio-diesel blends are compared with the same results of diesel fuel. Performance parameters selected to analyze are Brake Thermal Efficiency(BTHE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption(BSFC) and Exhaust Gas Temperature(EGT) and exhaust emissions selected to investigate are Carbon Monoxide emissions(CO), Oxides Of Nitrogen(NOx) and smoke density(SD). From the results of all blends used as fuel in the engine, it is clarified that CI engine showing better performance by using a hazelnut bio-diesel blend with proportions of 20% hazelnut bio-diesel and 80% normal diesel fuel. Traditional Engine with bio-diesels as fuel are showing acceptable reduction in emissions like hydro carbons and oxides of carbon but with marginal increase in oxides of nitrogen compared with diesel fuel. But BTHE of Bio-diesel blend is less than the BTHE of diesel fuel operating in the same engine. From all the blends Hazelnut bio-diesel blends are giving better performance parameters and decreased emission characteristics hazelnut oil having better properties immediately after diesel fuel when compared with remaining bio-diesel blends.
A Technical Review of Biodiesel Fuel Emissions and Performance on Industrial ...IJMER
Â
Biofuels play an important role in many developing countries as a clean liquid fuel which helps
to address the energy, costs and global warming as compared to petroleum fuels. Biodiesel can be
blended to any level to any petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend. Blending of biodiesel with small
amount of petroleum product gives control to air pollution. Additives plays and important role in
minimizing the NOx Emission which result in sigh of relief who are opting biodiesel as an alternative fuel.
In the future the biodiesel play an important role in reduce the greenhouse gases In this review article the
reports on regulated and non-regulated emission, durability, economy and performance on biodiesel by
various researchers have seen cited since 2000
Experimental Investigation on Use of Honge(Pongamia) Biodiesel on Multi-cylin...ijsrd.com
Â
Biodiesel is a fatty acid alkyl ester which is renewable, biodegradable and non toxic fuel which can be derived from any vegetable oil by transesterifiaction process. Biodiesel has become a key source as a substitution fuel and is making its place as a key future renewable energy source. Biodiesel derived from vegetable oils are quite promising alternative fuels for diesel engines. Use of vegetable oils in diesel engines leads to slightly inferior performance and higher smoke emissions due to their high viscosity. The performance of vegetable oils can be improved by modifying them through the Transesterification process. In the present work, the performance of single cylinder direct injection diesel engine using honge as fuel was evaluated for its performance, emission and combustion characteristics. The properties of honge thus obtained are comparable with ASTM biodiesel standards. The produced honge biodiesel was tested for their use as a substitute fuel for diesel engine. Tests have been conducted at different varying load of biodiesel, at 60% throttle. The performance parameters elucidated includes brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, torque, also emission characteristics against varying Brake Power (BP) and combustion characteristics against crank angle.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...IJMER
Â
In current scenario, there are continuously increasing the number of automobiles and
correspondingly increasing the fuel consumption as well as fuel prices. In this regard, biodiesel is
found as an alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils and it is considered as an
attractive alternative to replace diesel fuel.
In this work, biodiesel prepared from soya oil by Transesterification process with methyl alcohol.
Processed soya oil is blended with diesel in different proportions as B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40 and B-50.
Thermodynamic analysis of 4stroke single cylinder diesel engine, By using different blends of diesel &
soya oil has been carried out the effect of B-10,B-20,B-30,B-40,B-50 on the Brake Power, Thermal
Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and Total Fuel Consumption has been absorbed. The
experimental result shows that at B-40, the optimum BTE (12.09), maximum BP (1.221) and minimum
BSFC (0.694)
A Study of Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine fuelled with neat Diese...IOSR Journals
Â
A comparison analysis between neat diesel (petro-diesel) and neat Hydnocarpus Pentandra (Marotti) biodiesel has been carried out on a direct injection diesel engine. The biodiesel has been produced from raw Hydnocarpus Pentandra oil by transesterification process by adding methanol and base catalyst. The optimum nozzle pressure of 250 bar and static injection timing of 20° bTDC are considered because these conditions only were found to give minimum emissions and better performance. The engine performance and emissions of diesel engine fuelled with neat diesel and neat Hydnocarpus Pentandra (Marotti) (or) Marotti Oil Methyl Ester (MOME) results are compared and presented. From the test results, it could be noted that, neat MOME gives lower emissions such as hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen as compared to neat diesel for all load under steady state condition of the engine.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Â
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navyâs DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATOâs (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Â
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Â
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
Â
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more âmechanicalâ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Â
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
Â
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
Â
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. Whatâs changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath AutopilotâąUiPathCommunity
Â
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalitĂ di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
đ Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
đšâđ«đšâđ» Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
Â
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Â
Monitoring and observability arenât traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current companyâs observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumbleâŠ.many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Â
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Â
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 13, Issue 3 Ver. V (May- Jun. 2016), PP 98-104
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13030598104 www.iosrjournals.org 98 | Page
Experimental Investigation of Multi Cylinder Diesel Engine
fuelled with Biodiesel and diesel fuel
Dr. Hiregoudar Yerrennagoudaru1
, Chandragowda M2
, Prasanna G P3
1
Principal and PG Co-ordinator (Thermal Power Engineering), Mechanical Engineering Department, RYMEC
Bellary, Karnataka, VTU, India
2
Assistant Professor (Thermal Power Engineering), Mechanical Engineering Department, RYMEC Bellary,
Karnataka, VTU, India
3
M.Tech (Thermal Power Engineering), Mechanical Engineering Department, RYMEC Bellary, Karnataka,
VTU, India
Abstract: Rapid population growth and modernization in human lifestyles are resulting in increased energy
consumption. The power generation and transportation sectors are the main consuming source of energy. The
diesel engine plays a major part of both of these sectors throughout the world. Petroleum based fuels worldwide
have not only resulted in the rapid depletion of conventional energy sources, but also have caused severe air
pollution. Hence it has become necessity to go for an alternate fuel. The existing studies have revealed that use
of biodiesels or non edible vegetable oil as an alternative fuel for diesel fuel. The objective of our project is
experimental investigation and performance and emission characteristics of mango seed biodiesel & soybean
biodiesel fuelled with multi cylinder diesel engine. In our experimental set up consist twin cylinder, constant
speed, four stroke, and oil cooled diesel engine. The engine is started using diesel fuel and its performance and
emission readings are recorded. Later engine is fuelled with biodiesel, which makes engine to run under dual
fuel mode and compare the Performance and emission characteristics two biodiesel with diesel fuel.The results
of the project indicate that the use of mango seed biodiesel & soybean biodiesel can substitute diesel fuel by
100% biodiesel, performance characteristics and smoke level are closer to diesel fuel where as emission
characteristics is closer and at full load which is same as that of diesel fuel. This will lead to increase in
investigation on use of biodiesel or vegetable oil instead of diesel; it helps in production of bio fuel in India
which in turn helps in the increased employment.
Keywords: Diesel, Exhaust emissions, Mangoseed Biodiesel, Performance, soybean Biodiesel.
I. Introduction
In country like India, majority of population lives in rural areas and they depend on agriculture. The
large increase in number of automobiles in recent years has resulted in great demand for petroleum products [7].
India spending 30% of her total foreign exchange on oil imports which import 70% of the required fuel [8].In
the event of regular electricity failure, diesel engines are used to operate water pump sets and other agricultural
implements. If fuel for these diesel engines is prepared locally, it makes the farmers self-sufficient with regard
to their energy needs. There are many vegetable oils available, which can be used as fuel for diesel engines. Use
of edible oils like sunflower oil, peanut oil sand soya oil, etc. for diesel engine may cause conflict between food
and fuel [1].As far as India is concerned because of its vast agro forestry base, fuels of bio origin can be
considered to be ideal alternative renewable fuels to run the internal combustion engines. Vegetable oils from
plants both edible and non-edible and methyl esters (Biodiesel) are used as an alternate source for diesel fuel.
Biodiesel was found to be the best alternate fuel, technically, environmentally acceptable, economically
competitive and easily available. There are more than 350 oil bearing crops that have been identified, among
which only sunflower, soyabean, cottonseed, mango seed, rapeseed and peanut oils are considered as potential
alternative fuels for diesel engines. Apart from the renewability, the advantages of biofuels are as follows: High
oxygen content, higher flash point and higher lubricity that produce complete combustion in comparison with
conventional diesel fuel. Traditional oilseed feedstock for biodiesel production predominantly includes soybean,
rapeseed, palm, sunflower, cottonseed, peanut and coconut oil [3].More than 95% of biodiesel production
feedstockâs come from edible oils. In order to overcome these disadvantages, many researchers are interested in
non-edible oils which are not suitable for human consumption because of the presence of some toxic
components in the oils. Furthermore, non edible oil crops can be grown in waste lands that are not suitable for
food crops and the cost of cultivation is much lower because these crops can still sustain reasonably high yield
without intensive care [6].The biodiesel results in a recognizable increase (10%) in NOx emissions when
compared to diesel. NOx causes human health and also affects the environment resulting ground level ozone
forming potential[2,9].Furthermore, the regulations for particulate matter (PM) and NOx emissions from diesel
engines have strengthened, and reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a greenhouse gas, emission, also
2. Experimental Investigation of Multi Cylinder Diesel Engine fuelled with Biodiesel and diesel fuel
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13030598104 www.iosrjournals.org 99 | Page
raised important issues. These reasons have pushed the countries towards searching for the alternative energy
sources with particular emphasis on those renewable in nature. For substituting the petroleum fuels used in
internal combustion engines, fuels of bio-origin provide a feasible solution to the twin crises of âfossil fuel
depletionâ and âenvironmental degradationâ. Vegetable oil esters are receiving increasing attention as a nonâ
toxic, biodegradable, and renewable alternative diesel fuel. These esters have become known as âbiodiesel.â
Many studies have shown that the properties of biodiesel are very close to those of diesel fuel. Therefore,
biodiesel can be used in diesel engines with few or no modifications [4, 11] .Studies has revealed that the usage
of non-edible oil in neat form is possible but not preferable. The high viscosity of nonedible oils and low
volatility affects the atomization and spry patterns of fuel, leading to incomplete combustion and severe carbon
deposits, injector choking and piston ring sticking. The methods used to reduce the viscosity are-Emulsification,
Pyrolysis, Dilution and Transesterification [5]. The main aim of our study is to use 100% biodiesel in diesel
engine without modification and compare the performance and emission characteristics with diesel fuel.
II. Literature Survey
Vijay Sisarwal et.al [1] conducted experiment on a single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection, and
naturally aspirated compression ignition engine to evaluate effect of straight vegetable oil fuel on engine
performance parameters and concluded that the brake thermal efficiency with vegetable oil blends is higher than
straight vegetable oil due to better combustion characteristics and the brake specific energy consumption with
blends is lower as compared to SVO on account of better atomize-blends resulted in lower BSEC. Hence SVO is
good option for the substitute of fuel on the diesel engine.K. Velmurugan et.al [2] conducted experiment on
single-cylinder, water-cooled, naturally aspirated direct injection diesel engine of 5.9 KW rated power coupled
with an eddy current dynamometer to evaluate impact of antioxidants on NOx emissions from a mango seed
biodiesel powered DI diesel engine and concluded that the antioxidants and biodiesel mixtures reduced the
nitrogen oxides. Among the antioxidants tested, the phenolic derived additive Pyridoxine Hydro Chloride (PHC)
delivered highest reducing activity of NO emissions compared to the DEA and TBHQ antioxidant additives. K.
Vijayaraj et.al [3] conducted experiment on Kirloskar TAF 1 engine to evaluate the performance, emission and
combustion characteristics of a direct injection, compression ignition engine fueled with methyl ester of mango
seed oil and its blends and compared with diesel fuel. They concluded that almost all the important properties of
biodiesel are in close agreement with the diesel fuel and suggested that the diesel engine can perform
satisfactorily on methyl ester of mango seed oil and its blends with diesel fuel. Mohamed F. Al Dawody et.al [4]
conducted experiment on a single cylinder, direct injection diesel engine operating on different blends of a
soybean methyl ester (SME) with diesel fuel to evaluate Combustion, Performance and Emission Parameters of
a Diesel Engine Fueled with Soybean Biodiesel. According to the results he conclude that the use of biodiesel
produces lower smoke opacity up to 48.23% with 14.65% higher brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC)
compared to diesel fuel. The measured CO emissions of B20% SME and B100% SME were found to be 11.36%
and 41.7% lower than that of diesel fuel respectively. All blends of SME were found to emit significantly lower
UHC concentration compared to that of diesel over the entire load. NOx emissions are observed to be higher for
all blends of SME. V.Mahesh et.al [5] conducted experiment on single cylinder 4 stroke naturally aspirated
water cooled diesel engine having 5 BHP as rated power at 1500 rev/min to evaluate performance and emission
characteristics of non-edible oil (honge oil) as alternate fuel in ci engine and concluded that the specific fuel
consumption increases with increase in percentage of HOME in the blend due to the lower calorific value of
HOME and Methyl ester of Honge oil results in a slightly increased thermal efficiency as compared to the of
diesel. As well as CO2 and CO emissions are low with methyl ester of Honge oil. M.Abdelfatah et.al [6]
conducted research on Production of biodiesel from non-edible oil and effect of blending with diesel on fuel
properties and concluded that biodiesel produced from Egyptian jojoba oil can be used as an alternative fuel in
conventional diesel engines. The results showed that the production of biodiesel from Egyptian jojoba oil by
transesterification with methanol in presence of an alkaline catalyst (KOH) is affected by reaction time,
methanol: oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration and temperature. S. Jaichandar et.al [7] conducted study on the
production of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engine and concluded that the production of biodiesel
from vegetable oil is very simple. In the production of biodiesel it is observed that the base catalyst performs
better than acid catalysts and enzymes. The biodiesel and their blends have similar fuel properties as that of
diesel. It is also observed that biodiesel has similar combustion characteristics as diesel. Biodiesel engines offer
acceptable engine performance compared to conventional diesel fueled engines. Kevin pethani et.al [8]
conducted experiment on single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled, direct injection CI engine to determine the
relationship between engine performance and emissions using diesel, volumetric blends of Mahua bio-diesel and
diesel and pure Mahua bio-diesel as a fuel engine at various load conditions. He concluded that the brake
specific fuel consumption decreases with increase in additive percentage. Exhaust gas temperature increases
almost linearly with load for all test fuels and decreases with increase in additive percentage. It is also seen from
the results that both CO and HC emissions tend to decrease with increase in additive percentage in biodiesel.
3. Experimental Investigation of Multi Cylinder Diesel Engine fuelled with Biodiesel and diesel fuel
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13030598104 www.iosrjournals.org 100 | Page
Fuel additive improves engine performance and lowers pollutant emission of Mahua bio-diesel blends. Maria I.
Martins et.al [10] conducted experiment of Transesterification of Soybean Oil for Biodiesel Production Using
Hydrotalcite as Basic Catalyst and concluded that the hydrotalcite synthesize showed satisfactory catalytic
activity for biodiesel production by the reaction of soybean oil with methanol under mild conditions of
temperature and pressure. These results reinforce the possibility of obtaining biodiesel from transesterification
of soybean oil using hydrotalcite as catalyst. The obtained results showed that greater conversions are obtained
carrying out the reaction at greater times (10h) or at greater methanol oil molar ratios.
III. Objective
ï¶ It is proposed to use 100% vegetable oil or Biodiesel in the diesel engine
ï¶ To study the performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine with Mango seed biodiesel and
Soybean biodiesel as fuel and it is compared with diesel fuel.
ï¶ To measure the level of CO, HC and smoke in the exhaust emissions in the above said engine.
ï¶ To analyze the exhaust emission.
ï¶ To substitute diesel fuel by 100% biodiesel and vegetable fuels.
ï¶ To decrease the dependency of fossil fuel.
IV. Properties of Diesel, Mango Seed Biodiesel and Soyabean Biodiesel
Table-1 Properties
Sl. No Properties Diesel Mango seed oil Soybean oil
1 Density(kg/m3
) 832 894 916.5
2 Calorific value (kJ/kg) 43200 39097 38857
3 Kinematic viscosity @ 400
C (mm2
/s) 2.78 5.6 5.9
4 Flash point ÂșC 50 168 92
5 Specific gravity 0.86 0.895 0.876
V. Experimental Setup and Engine Specification
The experimental test set as shown in fig.1 consists of four strokes, constant speed, oil cooled and twin
cylinder diesel engine. The injection timing given by the manufacturer is 27Âș BTDC, the opening pressure of the
nozzle was set at 1800 bar and the engine speed is 1500rpm.There are a number of transducers used in the
engine such as piezoelectric pressure transducer flush with the cylinder head surface to measure cylinder
pressure. Specifications of engine are shown in Table 2.
Fig.1: Schematic arrangement of Experimental Set-up
Table-2 Test Engine specification
Engine type Four stroke Twin cylinder diesel engine
No. of cylinders 02
Stroke 100 mm
Bore Diameter 87 mm
Engine power 15 KV
Compression ratio 17.5:1
RPM 1500
Type of starting Crank starting
Load type Water loading
4. Experimental Investigation of Multi Cylinder Diesel Engine fuelled with Biodiesel and diesel fuel
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13030598104 www.iosrjournals.org 101 | Page
Fig. 2: Water Loading
Table-3 water load bank specification
Max. Output 15 KV
Generator type 1 Phase
Amps 63
RPM 1500
PF 0.8
Volts 240
VI. Experimental Procedure
ïŒ Experiments were initially carried out on the engine using diesel as fuel in order to provide base line data.
ïŒ Initially the engine was started using diesel fuel and allowed to run for few minutes until to reach steady
state; the base line data were taken. Load was varied from zero loads to full load condition using the water
loading and Emissions, smoke and fuel consumption reading were recorded.
ïŒ The engine was started on duel fuel mode, when engine became sufficiently heated; the supply of diesel
was slowly substituted by 100 % Mango seed biodiesel for which a two way valve was used. Once the
engine reaches steady state, the emission, fuel consumption and smoke reading were taken. The same
procedure is carried from zero to full load condition.
ïŒ The engine was started on duel fuel mode, when engine became sufficiently heated; the supply of diesel
was slowly substituted by 100 % soyabean biodiesel for which a two way valve was used. Once the engine
reaches steady state, the emission, fuel consumption and smoke reading were taken. The same procedure is
carried from zero to full load condition.
ïŒ At the end to stop an engine is fuelled by diesel fuel and run minimum half an hour.
VII. Results and Discussion
Carbon Monoxide:
Fig. 3 shows, that variation CO level with respect to load for mango seed oil, soybean oil and diesel at
different loads. From the graph it is clear that the CO level initially high at zero loads for both diesel fuel and
biodiesel but as the load increases emission level decreases up to full load for biodiesel and for diesel fuel
emission level decreases up to 50% load and then increases to full load. CO emission level for soyabean
biodiesel is lower than mango biodiesel.
Fig. 3: Comparison of Carbon monoxide vs Load
5. Experimental Investigation of Multi Cylinder Diesel Engine fuelled with Biodiesel and diesel fuel
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13030598104 www.iosrjournals.org 102 | Page
Brake Thermal Efficiency:
Fig. 4 shows, the variation of brake thermal efficiency with respect to load for mango seed oil, soybean
oil and diesel at different loads. From the graph it is observed that as load increases brake thermal efficiency is
also increases for diesel and mango seed biodiesel up to 75% load and then decreases up to full load. Whereas
soyabean biodiesel, BTE is increases from zero loads to full load. BTE for mango seed biodiesel is higher than
both diesel fuel and soyabean biodiesel.
Fig. 4: Comparison of Brake thermal efficiency vs Load
Brake Specific Energy Conversion:
Fig. 5 shows the variation of brake specific energy conversion with respect load for mango seed
oil, soybean oil and diesel at different loads. From the graph it is clear that BSEC is high at zero loads and
then decreases up to 75% load, and then BSEC increases from 75% load to full load condition. BSEC for
mango seed oil is lower than both diesel and soyabean biodiesel.
Fig. 5: Comparison of Brake Specific Energy Conversion vs Load
Hydrocarbon:
Fig. 6 shows, the variation of Hydrocarbon with respect to load for mango seed oil, soybean oil and
diesel at different loads. It can be seen from the graph that biodiesel HC emission level decreases from zero
loads to full load, whereas diesel fuel HC emission level is constant from zero loads to 50% load and then
increases to full load condition. HC emission level for soyabean biodiesel is lower than mango seed biodiesel
and at full load HC emission level for diesel and soyabean biodiesel is same.
6. Experimental Investigation of Multi Cylinder Diesel Engine fuelled with Biodiesel and diesel fuel
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13030598104 www.iosrjournals.org 103 | Page
Fig. 6: Comparison of HC vs Load
Smoke:
Fig. 6 shows the variation of smoke with respect load for mango seed oil, soybean oil and diesel at
different load. It can be seen from graph that there is a decrease in smoke level for mango seed oil as compared
to diesel fuel, whereas increase in smoke level in soyabean biodiesel as compared to diesel fuel. Smoke level for
mango seed biodiesel is lower than diesel and soyabean biodiesel.
Fig. 7: Variations of Smoke for biodiesel and diesel fuel at full load.
VIII. Conclusion and Future Scope
Based on the performance and emission characteristics of mango seed biodiesel and soybean biodiesel,
it is concluded that the mango seed oil and soybean oil shows a good alternative fuels with closer performance
and emission characteristics to that of a diesel. Hence the 100% mango seed biodiesel and soybean biodiesel can
be used as an alternative fuel for diesel engine that is without modification .The future research directions for
scientists or researcher can be done with different piston geometrical modifications and coatings of different
materials so that engine can reduces emission level from the biodiesel or vegetable oil.
References
[1]. Vijay Sisarwal& Dr. A C Tiwar (2013) entitled paper âExperimental Investigation of Effect of Straight Vegetable Oil Fuel on
Engine Performance Parametersâ, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 Vol.
3, Issue 1, January -February 2013, pp.2091-2094.
[2]. K. Velmurugan& A.P. Sathiyagnanam (2015) entitled paper âImpact of antioxidants on NOx emissions from a mango seed
biodiesel powered DI diesel engineâ, Alexandria Eng. J. (2015).
[3]. K. Vijayaraj& A.P. Sathiyagnanam (2015) entitled paper âExperimental investigation of a diesel engine with methyl ester of mango
seed oil and diesel blendsâ, Alexandria Eng. J. (2015).
[4]. Mohamed F. Al_Dawody and S.K. Bhatti (2014) entitled paper â Experimental and Computational investigations for Combustion,
Performance and Emission Parameters of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Soybean Biodiesel-Diesel Blendsâ, Energy Procedia 52 (
2014 ) 421 â 430, 2013 Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies
7. Experimental Investigation of Multi Cylinder Diesel Engine fuelled with Biodiesel and diesel fuel
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13030598104 www.iosrjournals.org 104 | Page
[5]. V.Mahesh&E.T.Puttaiah (2012) entitled paper âSTUDIES ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF
NON-EDIBLE OIL (HONGE OIL) AS ALTERNATE FUEL IN CI ENGINEâ, International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622.
[6]. M.Abdelfatah, H.A. Farag& M.E. Ossman (2012) entitled paper âProduction of biodiesel from non-edible oil and effect of blending
with diesel on fuel propertiesâ IRACST â Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal (ESTIJ), ISSN: 2250-
3498, Vol.2, No. 4, August 2012
[7]. S. Jaichandar and K. Annamalai (2011) entitled paper âThe Status of Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engine â An
Overviewâ, Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment 2 (2011) 71-75
[8]. KEVIN PETHANI, AVESH KHAN & IMRAN MOLVI(2015) entitled paper âExperimental investigation on performance and
emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with mahua biodiesel using blends of biodieselâ International Journal of
Engineering Research vol.3.,issue.4.,2015(july-aug),ISSN:2321-7758
[9]. Parthasarathy.M ,Muhilan .P, Isaac JoshuaRameshLalvani J, Dhinesh B &Annamalai K(2015) entitled paper âPerformance and
emissions of a diesel engine operating on Biodiesel-ethanol blends with mango seed biodiesel and custard apple seed biodieselâ,
National Conference On Recent Trends And Developments In Sustainable Green Technologies journal of Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN: 0974-2115.
[10]. Maria I. Martins, Ricardo F. Pires, Magno J. Alves, Carla E. Hori, Miria H. M. Reis &Vicelma L. Cardoso(2013) entitled paper
âTransesterification of Soybean Oil for Biodiesel Production Using Hydrotalcite as Basic Catalystâ The Italian Association of
Chemical Engineering, ISBN: 978-88-95608-23-5 ISSN: 1974-9791 VOL. 32, 2013.
[11]. Rahul Krishnaji Bawane, Nilima Baliram Gadge & Dinesh Krishnaji Bawane(2015) entitled paper âOptimizing Performance of CI
Engine fueled with Undi Oil Biodieselâ /2015 IJSRSET | Volume 1 | Issue 5 | Print ISSN: 2395-1990 | Online ISSN: 2394-4099
[12]. K. Vijayaraj& A. P. Sathiyagnanam(2014) entitled paper âComparative Study on Properties of Methyl Ester of Cotton Seed Oil and
Methyl Ester of Mango Seed Oil with Dieselâ, Global Journal of Researches in Engineering: B Automotive Engineering Volume 14
Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2014 Online ISSN: 2249-4596 & Print ISSN: 0975-5861
[13]. M. Canakci & J. H. Van Gerpen (2003) entitled project âCOMPARISON OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS FOR
PETROLEUM DIESEL FUEL, YELLOW GREASE BIODIESEL, AND SOYBEAN OIL BIODIESELâ American Society of
Agricultural Engineers ISSN 0001â2351
[14]. Lovekush Prasad, Dr. Alka Agrawal (2012) entitled paper âExperimental Investigation of Performance of Diesel Engine Working
On Diesel and Neem Oil Blendsâ, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSRJMCE) ISSN : 2278-1684 Volume 1,
Issue 4 (July-August 2012), PP 48-51
[15]. S. Ghosh & D. Dutta (2012)entitled paper âThe Effects of EGR on the Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine
Operated on Diesel Oil and Soybean Oil Methyl Ester (SOME)â IOSR Journal of Engineering e-ISSN: 2250-3021, p-ISSN: 2278-
8719, Vol. 2, Issue 12 (Dec. 2012), ||V4|| PP 47-52
[16]. N. Ravi Kumar , Rajesh Guntur and Y.M.C. Sekhar (2012) entitled paper âPerformance and Emission Characteristics of a Slow
Speed Diesel Engine Fueled With Soybean Bio Dieselâ, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,
(ISSN2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 4, March 2012)
[17]. Harish H, Shashi Kumar C R, Dr. Rajanna S & Dr. G S Prakash(2014) entitled paper âExperimental Investigation on the
Performance and Emission Characteristics of Edible and Non-Edible Oilâ, International Journal of Emerging Technology and
Advanced Engineering, (ISSN2250-2459, Volume 4, Issue 10, October 2014)
[18]. N.A.Ansari, Jitendrakumar, Amitkumar & Dhananjay Trivedi (2013) entitled paper âEMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A
DIESEL ENGINE USING SOYABEAN OIL AND DIESEL BLENDSâ, IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering
and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163 Volume: 02 Issue: 05 | May-2013.
[19]. P.V.Ramana, P.RamanathReddy, C.Balaram & A.Sharathkumar (2015) entitled paper âEXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CI
ENGINE PERFORMANCE USING BIO DIESEL BLENDSâ, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 02 | June-2015 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
[20]. Hariram V. & Isaac Prem Kumar I. J (2013) entitled paper âCombustion evaluation of Diesel - Soyabean methyl ester blends using
variable piston geometry in direct injection compression ignition engineâ, International Journal of Engineering Inventions e-ISSN:
2278-7461, p-ISSN: 2319-6491 Volume 2, Issue 6 (April 2013) PP: 90-97