This document outlines and describes common types of urinary alterations including their symptoms and potential causes. It discusses urinary urgency, dysuria, frequency, hesitancy, polyuria, oliguria, nocturia, dribbling, incontinence, hematuria, retention, and residual urine. For each alteration, it provides a brief definition and lists medical conditions or other factors that could cause the specific urinary symptom.

1. COMMON
TYPES OF
URINARY
ALTERATIONS
ANILKUMAR BR
LECTURER MSN

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3. Urgency
– Feeling of need to void immediately

4. Cause of urinary urgency
– Full bladder
– Infection and irritation of the bladder
– Hyperactive bladder
– Psychological stress

5. Dysuria
– Painful or difficult urination

6. Causes if dysuria
– Inflammation of the bladder
– Trauma or inflammation if urethral
sphincter

7. Frequency
– Voiding at frequent intervals (less than 2 hrs)

8. Causes of urinary frequency
– High amount of fluid intake
– Bladder inflammation
– Increased pressure in bladder
– Diuretic medications therapy

9. Hesitancy
– Difficulty initiating urination

10. Causes if hesitancy
– BPH
– Anxiety
– Urethral edema

11. Polyuria
– Voiding or passing large amount of urine

12. Causes of polyuria
– Large amounts of fluid intake
– Diabetes mellitus ( DM)
– Diabetes insipedus
– Using of diuretic medications

13. Oliguria
– Decreased urinary output less than 400
ml/24 hrs

14. Causes of oliguria
– Severe dehydration
– Renal failure
– UTI
– Increased ADH secretion
– CHF

15. Nocturia
– Voiding one or more times especially at night

16. Causes of nocturia
– Large amount of fluid intake before going to bed
– Renal disease
– Aging process
– BPH

17. Dribbling
– Leakage if urine despite voluntary control of
urination

18. Causes of dribbling
– Stress incontinence
– Over flow from urinary retention

19. Incontinence
– Involuntary loss of urine

20. Causes if incontinence
– Loss if pelvic muscle tone
– Fecal impaction
– Neurological impairment
– Overactive bladder

21. Hematuria
– Blood in urine

22. Retention
– Accumulation of urine in the bladder,with
inability if bladder to empty fully

23. Causes of retention
– Urethral obstruction
– Decreased sensory activity
– Neurogenic bladder
– BPH
– Post anesthesia effects
– Medications side effects

24. Residual urine
– Volume if urine remaining after voiding
more than 100ml

25. Causes
– Inflammation and irritation if bladder mucosa
from infection
– Neurogenic bladder
– BPH
– Trauma and inflammation of the urethra

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