This is PPT for nutrition book for bsc nursing students.

1. THERAPEUTIC DIET
MS. DRASHTI PATEL

2. Therapeutic diet is the modification of
food in consistency, preparation or
nutrients to meet the special nutritional
needs of a person suffering from a
particular disease or condition.
Therapeutic diets are formulated to
optimize the nutritional needs of the
person to treat a variety of diseases and
disorders.
Definition

3.  Regulating the quantity of food
 Regulating the quantity of a nutrient
 Changing the consistency of the food
 Restricting certain nutrients
 Assisting body organs to regain or
restore normal function
 Determining the frequency of feeding
 Determining the type of feeding to be
used
Objectives of therapeutic diets

4.  Planning of special diets in maintaining
health and preventing disease.
 To modify the consistency of the meal
to facilitate easy consumption of food
for the patient.
 To plan and modify diets to add or
delete specific nutrients according to
the disease condition.
Principles of therapeutic diets

5. Modifications
 Clear liquids
 Full liquids
 Low fiber
High fiber
Types of therapeutic diets

6. Nutrients
High carbohydrate
 Low fat
Low sodium
High protein
Low calorie
High calorie

7.  Therapeutic diets are given to patients
in hospitals according to their disease
condition.
 Medical nutrition therapy is part of
medical treatment and teamwork
between doctors, dietitians and nurses
is very important for the recovery of
illness, acute or chronic disease
condition or speedy recovery from
surgery.

8.  In a naturopathy treatment, food plays
a very important role in the cure of the
disease condition. This way of planning
the diet usually contains saatvik food
which is very easily digestible and is
usually vegetarian.
 It mainly includes lots of natural liquids
which are tender coconut water,
buttermilk, natural fruit juices and
plenty of water.
Naturopathy diet

9.  This diet was formulated in Japan to prevent
disease and promote spirituality.
 Method of cooking allowed is baking, broiling
or steaming. No red meat, sugar and much oil
are allowed.
 This diet mainly recommends whole grains,
vegetables, fruits and plenty of water.
 This diet is very restrictive and following this
for a long time may cause vitamin B12
deficiency as not much animal foods and dairy
are allowed.
Macrobiotic diet

10. 1] Type 2 diabetes
 A diet based on high complex carbohydrate
with plenty of dietary fiber is advised. The
calories are decided based on the control of
the blood sugar of the individual and of her
blood test parameters. Diet low in refined
sugars and with adequate protein is
emphasized with high biological value and
also based on the food habits of the
individual.
Dietary modification in specific
diseases

11. 2] Cardiovascular disorders
Low saturated fats and high
polyunsaturated fatty acids and
monounsaturated fatty acids are
the basis of this diet. Fluid
restriction and salt restriction
depending on the condition are
advised.

12. 3] Hypertension
 The Dietary Approaches to Stop
Hypertension (DASH) diet plan is a
popular approach recognized the world
over to control hypertension.
 DASH is low in salt, saturated fat,
cholesterol and total fat. It is also rich in
potassium, magnesium, calcium and
protein and also high in fiber

13. 1] Tube feeding or
enteral feeding
2] Parenteral
feeding
Feeding techniques

14. When the gut is compromised, initiation of
parenteral nutrition is advised.
Macronutrients are administered through
intravenous route by either peripheral or central
line. Specialized formulas are available through
a three-chambered bag, which is intravenously
administered.
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has to be
closely monitored.
Parenteral feeding

16.  Normal diet is the foundation of therapeutic
diets.
 The types of modifications normally done are
Change in consistency of food, e.g. liquid diet,
soft diet, low-fiber diet, high-fiber die,
 Increase or decrease in energy value of diet
(weight-reduction diet or high-calorie diet).
 Elimination of specific foods (as in allergic
conditions)
 Change in the route of feeding (enteral or
parenteral nutrition).
Modification of diets in disease

17.  Based on the condition of the patient, the consistency
of the food will have to be decided. The consistency
of the diet includes clear liquid diet, full-liquid diet and
soft diet.
1) Clear Liquid Diet - Clear liquid diets are prescribed
for patients with severe food intolerance as evident
by nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, etc.
2) Full-Liquid Diet- Full liquid diets are prescribed in
conditions when the patient is unable to swallow or
digest solid foods. These include liquid or semi-liquid
at room temperature. For example, ice cream, milk,
eggs, soups and fruit juices.
Change in Consistency

18. 3) Soft Diet - Soft diet is a transition
between a liquid and a regular diet. It
is generally used in fever, acute
infections, gastrointestinal disorders
and in postoperative conditions.

19.  Modification of one or more nutrients may be
necessary depending on the nature of the
disease from which an individual is suffering.
 High protein and low protein diet
 High fat and low fat diet
 High calorie and low calorie diet
 High carbohydrate and low carbohydrate diet
 Low sodium diet
 High fiber and low fiber diet
Modification of Diets in Different
Nutrients

20. 1) Modification in Energy Content
 The energy requirements are increased in such conditions.
 Also high energy diets are used for patients who are
underweight.
 Other conditions which demand high energy diet include
infections, malabsorption and malnutrition, etc.
2) Modification in Carbohydrate Content
 High carbohydrate diet may be prescribed in various
liver diseases.
 Simple carbohydes restricted diets are prescribed for
patients suffering from diabetes mellitus.

21. 3) Modification in Protein Content
 High protein diets are prescribed in various diseases such
as protein-energy malnutrition, burns, peptic ulcer.
 restriction's necessary in conditions such as acute and
chronic renal failure.
4) Modification in Fat Content
 Patients with severe under nutrition may be advised
moderately high fat diet.
 Fat restricted diets are necessary for conditions like
malabsorption syndrome, liver diseases and
cardiovascular diseases.

22. 5)Modification in Mineral Content
 High iron diet is essential in anemia and high calcium diet is
prescribed for osteomalacia.
 On the other hand low calcium and phosphate diet is
advised in renal calculi, Sodium restricted diet is used for the
treatment of cardiac failure and hypertension.
6) Modification in Vitamin Content
 Various brands of vitamin supplements are available in the
market.
 Normally, therapeutic diets are partially lacking in vitamins
and this deficiency can be easily fulfilled by prescribing a
particular vitamin supplement.