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THERAPEUTIC DIET FY BSC.pptx

Therapeutic diets are meal plans modified in nutrients, consistency or preparation to meet the nutritional needs of patients with specific diseases or conditions. They aim to optimize nutrition to treat illnesses. Modifications may include changing the consistency of foods, restricting or increasing particular nutrients, or determining feeding methods and schedules. Therapeutic diets are customized based on a person's medical needs and can help restore organ function and aid recovery from surgery or illness.

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THERAPEUTIC DIET MS. DRASHTI PATEL
Therapeutic diet is the modification of food in consistency, preparation or nutrients to meet the special nutritional needs of a person suffering from a particular disease or condition. Therapeutic diets are formulated to optimize the nutritional needs of the person to treat a variety of diseases and disorders. Definition
 Regulating the quantity of food  Regulating the quantity of a nutrient  Changing the consistency of the food  Restricting certain nutrients  Assisting body organs to regain or restore normal function  Determining the frequency of feeding  Determining the type of feeding to be used Objectives of therapeutic diets
 Planning of special diets in maintaining health and preventing disease.  To modify the consistency of the meal to facilitate easy consumption of food for the patient.  To plan and modify diets to add or delete specific nutrients according to the disease condition. Principles of therapeutic diets
Modifications  Clear liquids  Full liquids  Low fiber High fiber Types of therapeutic diets
Nutrients High carbohydrate  Low fat Low sodium High protein Low calorie High calorie
 Therapeutic diets are given to patients in hospitals according to their disease condition.  Medical nutrition therapy is part of medical treatment and teamwork between doctors, dietitians and nurses is very important for the recovery of illness, acute or chronic disease condition or speedy recovery from surgery.
 In a naturopathy treatment, food plays a very important role in the cure of the disease condition. This way of planning the diet usually contains saatvik food which is very easily digestible and is usually vegetarian.  It mainly includes lots of natural liquids which are tender coconut water, buttermilk, natural fruit juices and plenty of water. Naturopathy diet
 This diet was formulated in Japan to prevent disease and promote spirituality.  Method of cooking allowed is baking, broiling or steaming. No red meat, sugar and much oil are allowed.  This diet mainly recommends whole grains, vegetables, fruits and plenty of water.  This diet is very restrictive and following this for a long time may cause vitamin B12 deficiency as not much animal foods and dairy are allowed. Macrobiotic diet
1] Type 2 diabetes  A diet based on high complex carbohydrate with plenty of dietary fiber is advised. The calories are decided based on the control of the blood sugar of the individual and of her blood test parameters. Diet low in refined sugars and with adequate protein is emphasized with high biological value and also based on the food habits of the individual. Dietary modification in specific diseases
2] Cardiovascular disorders Low saturated fats and high polyunsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids are the basis of this diet. Fluid restriction and salt restriction depending on the condition are advised.
3] Hypertension  The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet plan is a popular approach recognized the world over to control hypertension.  DASH is low in salt, saturated fat, cholesterol and total fat. It is also rich in potassium, magnesium, calcium and protein and also high in fiber
1] Tube feeding or enteral feeding 2] Parenteral feeding Feeding techniques
When the gut is compromised, initiation of parenteral nutrition is advised. Macronutrients are administered through intravenous route by either peripheral or central line. Specialized formulas are available through a three-chambered bag, which is intravenously administered. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has to be closely monitored. Parenteral feeding
 Normal diet is the foundation of therapeutic diets.  The types of modifications normally done are Change in consistency of food, e.g. liquid diet, soft diet, low-fiber diet, high-fiber die,  Increase or decrease in energy value of diet (weight-reduction diet or high-calorie diet).  Elimination of specific foods (as in allergic conditions)  Change in the route of feeding (enteral or parenteral nutrition). Modification of diets in disease
 Based on the condition of the patient, the consistency of the food will have to be decided. The consistency of the diet includes clear liquid diet, full-liquid diet and soft diet. 1) Clear Liquid Diet - Clear liquid diets are prescribed for patients with severe food intolerance as evident by nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, etc. 2) Full-Liquid Diet- Full liquid diets are prescribed in conditions when the patient is unable to swallow or digest solid foods. These include liquid or semi-liquid at room temperature. For example, ice cream, milk, eggs, soups and fruit juices. Change in Consistency
3) Soft Diet - Soft diet is a transition between a liquid and a regular diet. It is generally used in fever, acute infections, gastrointestinal disorders and in postoperative conditions.
 Modification of one or more nutrients may be necessary depending on the nature of the disease from which an individual is suffering.  High protein and low protein diet  High fat and low fat diet  High calorie and low calorie diet  High carbohydrate and low carbohydrate diet  Low sodium diet  High fiber and low fiber diet Modification of Diets in Different Nutrients
1) Modification in Energy Content  The energy requirements are increased in such conditions.  Also high energy diets are used for patients who are underweight.  Other conditions which demand high energy diet include infections, malabsorption and malnutrition, etc. 2) Modification in Carbohydrate Content  High carbohydrate diet may be prescribed in various liver diseases.  Simple carbohydes restricted diets are prescribed for patients suffering from diabetes mellitus.
3) Modification in Protein Content  High protein diets are prescribed in various diseases such as protein-energy malnutrition, burns, peptic ulcer.  restriction's necessary in conditions such as acute and chronic renal failure. 4) Modification in Fat Content  Patients with severe under nutrition may be advised moderately high fat diet.  Fat restricted diets are necessary for conditions like malabsorption syndrome, liver diseases and cardiovascular diseases.
5)Modification in Mineral Content  High iron diet is essential in anemia and high calcium diet is prescribed for osteomalacia.  On the other hand low calcium and phosphate diet is advised in renal calculi, Sodium restricted diet is used for the treatment of cardiac failure and hypertension. 6) Modification in Vitamin Content  Various brands of vitamin supplements are available in the market.  Normally, therapeutic diets are partially lacking in vitamins and this deficiency can be easily fulfilled by prescribing a particular vitamin supplement.
THERAPEUTIC DIET FY BSC.pptx