This document defines nursing diagnosis and discusses its key components and characteristics. A nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about an individual's response to an actual or potential health problem. It includes a diagnostic label, qualifiers, definition, defining characteristics, and risk factors. There are several types of nursing diagnoses, including actual, risk, possible, wellness, and syndrome diagnoses. The document outlines the Process-Etiology-Signs/Symptoms (PES) structure for formulating nursing diagnoses and provides examples of different diagnosis structures.

1. FORMULATION OF NURSING
DIAGNOSIS
Presented by:
Priyanka Kumari

2. Specific Objective
 Define nursing diagnosis.
 Discuss the characteristics of nursing diagnosis.
 Enlist the components of nursing diagnosis.
 Explain the types of nursing diagnosis.
 Explain the process of nursing diagnosis.
 Discuss the formulation of nursing diagnosis.

3. Nursing Diagnosis

4. DEFINITON
A clinical judgement about individuals of community
responses to actual or potential health problem.
Nursing diagnosis provides the basis for selection of nursing
interventions to achieve outcomes for which the nurse is
accountable.

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS
 It states a clear and concise health problem.
 It is derived from existing evidences about the client.
 It is the basis for planning and carrying out nursing care.

6. COMPONANTS
 Diagnostic label.
 Qualifiers.
 Definition.
 Defining characteristics.
 Risk factors.

7. 
Diagnostic label:
 It is the name of the nursing diagnosis. It describes the
essence of the problem using as few words as possible.
 Example: Impaired physical mobility.

8. Qualifiers:
 These are words used to give additional meaning to a
nursing diagnosis.
 Example: altered, dysfunctional, increased, impaired,
disturbed, acute, deficient, ineffective, chronic, excessive,
decreased.

9.  Definition: it describes the characteristics of the human
response under consideration.
 Defining characteristics: these are major and minor clinical
cues that validate the presence of an actual nursing diagnosis
example: As evidenced by.

10. Risk factors:
 These are extrinsic and intrinsic characteristics of the
client.
 Example: risk for infection.

11. Related factors: They describe the conditions,
circumstances, etiological factors that contribute to
the problem.
Example: fluid volume deficit related to vomiting.

12. Components Of A Nursing Diagnosis:
PES Or PE
 P=Problem statement/diagnostic label/definition.
 E=Etiology/related factors/causes.
 S=Defining characteristics/signs and symptoms.

13.  An actual nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about a
current patient health problem, which is present at the
time of the nursing assessment.
 Example: Ineffective airway
clearance characterized by an
ineffective cough.
Actual nursing diagnosis

14. Risk nursing diagnosis
 A risk nursing diagnosis is clinical judgment about a
health problem which does not yet exist, but with
respect to which the individual, family or community
has risk factors.
 Example: Risk for infection related
to a compromised immune system.

15. Possible Nursing diagnosis
One in which evidence about a health problem is
incomplete or unclear therefore requires more data to
support or reject it; or the causative factors are unknown.
Examples: Possible nutritional deficit RT nausea.

16. Wellness nursing diagnosis
 A wellness nursing diagnosis statement is a clinical
judgment that an individual, family or community is
able to transition to a level of higher wellness.
 Individual must possess effective present status and
show a desire for increased wellness.
 Example: family coping potential for
growth related to unexpected birth of twins.

17. Syndrome nursing diagnosis
 A syndrome nursing diagnosis statement is a clinical
judgment, which is associated with a cluster of predicted
high-risk or actual nursing diagnosis, related to a certain
situation or event.
 Example: Rape trauma syndrome manifested by sleep
pattern disturbance, anger and genitourinary discomfort
and related to feeling anxious about possible resulting
health problems.

18. FORMULATION OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS: PES OR PE
 Actual nursing diagnosis = Patient problem + Etiology –
replace the (+) symbol with the words “RELATED TO”
abbreviated as r/t. = Problem + Etiology + S/S.
 Risk Nursing diagnosis = Problem + Risk Factors.
 Possible nursing diagnosis = Problem +Etiology.
 Example: Activity intolerance related to decreased cardiac
output.
 Altered bowel elimination; constipation related to insufficient
fluid intake.

19. CONCLUSION
Nursing diagnosis is a diagnosis that is based upon the response
of the patient to the medical condition. This is why it is called a
‘nursing diagnosis’ because these are things that have a specific
action that is related to what nurses have autonomy to take
action about. Nurses treat the patient with everything that is
related to human response to a specific disease. This includes
anything that is a physical, mental, and spiritual type of
response. Simply put, a nursing diagnosis is care focused.

20. Bibliography
 Potter and Perry (2005) “Fundamental of nursing” Elsevier
Publisher, 6th edition.
 Navdeep Kaur Brar, HC Rawat (2017) “Textbook of Advanced
Nursing Practice” JAYPEE Brothers 1st edition. Page no 722-
723.
 Stephanie’s Principles and practice of Nursing, Sr. Nancy 6th
edition. Page no.- 59-60
 https://acceleratednursing.roseman.edu/blog/three-part-nursing-
diagnosis/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nursingdiagnosis
 https://www.slideshare.net?ShaellsJoshi/nsg-diagnosis