Common cattle diseases by Dr.Pavulraj.S, M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI (NRCE), India

Common diseases of cattle
- in pathology view (in India)
Dr.Pavulraj. S
M.V.Sc., Scholar(NRCE)
Division of Pathology
Indian Veterinary Research
Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly,
U.P., India

Friday, October 18, 2013

Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc.,
Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), India

1

List of common diseases
Bacterial diseases
• Tuberculosis
• Paratuberculosis
• Brucellosis
• Hemorrhagic septicemia
• Joint ill/ naval ill/ omphalitis
Viral diseases
• Foot and mouth diseases
• Infectious bovine rhino tracheitis
• Rinderpest
Haemoprotozoan disease
• Theileriosis
Parasitic disease
• Fascioliasis

Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author)
M.V.Sc., Pathology
scholar, IVRI(NRCE), India

2

Tuberculosis
• Chronic bacterial disease of animal
• Caused by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, M.bovis
• Characterized by presence of tubercle nodules
in lungs, spleen, lymphnodes


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3

Granuloma in the lungs


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4

Consolidation of lung


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5

Tuberculous granuloma in the
mediastinal lymph node


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6

Nodules of tubercle present in lung
containing cheesy mass


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7

Granulomatous lesion in LN, liver,
intestine


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8

Spleen- Caseous nodules on the
surface


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9

TB- Nodules on the diaphragm, liver
and spleen


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10

Tubercle in
pleura, masentry, peritoneum – pearl’s
disease



11

Uterus -Endometrium contains
numerous raised tubercles


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12

TB- Mastitis and granuloma in the
bone marrow


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13

Differential diagnosis
• Lung abscesses
• Pleurisy and pericarditis - traumatic reticulitis
• Contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia


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14

Paratuberculosis
• A chronic bacterial disease of bovine, ovine
and caprine
• Caused by Mycobacterium avium sub sp.
paratuberculosis
• Characterized by
dehydration, emaciation, chronic diarrrhoea
and thickening of intestine - corrugations


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15

Emaciation and cachexia


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16

Mesenteric lymph nodes enlarged



17

Thickened, edematous ileum and distended
lymphatics on the serosal surface


Dr.Pavulraj.S, (copy right protected)
M.V.Sc., Pathology

18

Thickening of intestine wall


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19

Presence of corrugations



20

Corrugations can’t be removed even
after stretching of intestine wall – look
like brain


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21

• Parasitism
• Malnutrition


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22

Brucellosis
• It is a infectious bacterial disease of animals
• Characterized by abortion in late gestation
and formation of granulomatous lesions in
genital organs, joints, fetal liver and
indurations of mammary glands
• Caused by Brucella abortus in cattle


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23

Edematous placenta

yellowish granular necrotic areas in cotyledons
and chorion is opaque and thickened with a
leathery consistency. Called leathery placenta.


Necrosis
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of cotyledons

24

Edema of fetus, serosanguinous fluid
in body cavities


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25

Pneumonia and necrotic foci in liver of
fetus


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26

Enlarged scrotum in males


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27

Orchitis


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28

Hygroma



29

•
•
•
•
•

IBR
Vibriosis
Leptospirosis
Trichomoniasis
Nutritional and physiological causes


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30

Hemorrhagic septicemia
• Highly contagious bacterial disease of bovine
• Characterized by edematous swelling in neck
region, pneumonia and wide spread of
hemorrhage in visceral organs
• Caused by Pasteurella multocida


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31

Edema of neck and brisket region


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32

Subcutaneous edema


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33

Serosanguinous fluid in
peritoneal, pleural and pericardial
cavity

Serosanguinous fluid in pericardial cavity


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34

Epicardial hemorrhages


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35

HS- Petechial on the Heart and Lung


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36

Pneumonia


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37

Lungs – congested and consolidated –
marbling


- Fibrinous bronchopneumonia
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38

HS- Hemorrhage on the serosal surface


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39

Hemorrhagic gastro-enteritis


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40

HS- Chronic cases- Necrotic patch on
the liver


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41

Hemorrhage - Brain


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42

•
•
•
•

Anthrax
Blackleg
Acute leptospirosis
Rinderpest


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43

Foot and mouth
• It is a contagious viral disease of cloven footed
animals
• Caused by Picorna virus
• Characterized by presence of vesicles in oral
mucosa and foot


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44

FMD: Mouth lesions



45

Ruptured vesicle in gum


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46

Vesicles causing
extensive erosion in mouth


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47

Infected FMD lesion - tongue


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48

Ulceration of tongue



49

Rupture of vesicle leading to necrotic area in feet


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50

Vesicle on teat


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51

Ruptured vesicle in the teat



52

Erosions on the ruminal mucosa


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53

Tigroid appearance - Degeneration
and necrosis in myocardium


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54

•
•
•
•
•

Vesicular stomatitis
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
Malignant catarrhal fever
Bovine viral diarrhea
Rinderpest


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55

Infectious bovine rhino tracheitis
• Infectious viral disease of cattle
• Caused by Herpes virus
• Characterized by conjunctivitis, hemorrhagic
tracheitis, encephalitis in calves and abortion
and mastitis in cows



56

Congested mucus membrane


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57

Purulent oculo-nasal discharge


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58

Necrotic white plaques in nasal mucosa


Necrotic plaques on the mucosa and
mucocutaneous junction

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59

Multifocal white plaques - palpebral
conjunctiva


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60

Hemorrhagic laryngotracheitis


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61

Rhinotracheitis, mucopurulent exudate
in trachea

Nasal septum necrosis

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62

Pustules in vulva/vagina, glans penis
and prepuce


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63

Necrotic lesion in liver of aborted fetus


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64

•
•
•
•

Shipping Fever
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
Pinkeye
Mucosal Disease



65

Rinderpest
• Is a acute contagious viral disease caused by
Morbilli virus
• Characterized by erosive mouth lesions and
hemorrhagic enteritis
• Has been eradicated from India (25 -06-2006)


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66

•Salivation:
excessive & frothy
•Serous oculonasal
discharge


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67

Conjunctivitis


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68

Necrosis and erosion of the gum above
the dental pad and inside the upper lip


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69

Erosions in the inside of the upper lip


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70

Ulcer on lower lip



71

Necrotic Peyer's patches


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72

Rectum - Hyperemia of the
longitudinal folds (zebra striping)


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73

Zebra marking in large intestine

Some time petechial hemorrhage in
Friday,bladder, vagina and other mucous membrane
October 18, 2013

74

• Mucosal disease
• Malignant catarrhal fever
• Foot and mouth disease


M.V.Sc., Pathology

75

Theileriosis
• Infectious disease of animal caused by
haemoprotozoan parasite
• Characterized by enlargement of lymph
nodes, pulmonary edema, hemorrhage in
kidneys and liver, ulcers in abomasum and
catarrhal enteritis
• Etiology – Theileria annulata


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76

Lymph node enlargement


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77

Enlarged and hemorrhagic lymph
nodes


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78

Abomasal ulcers


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79

Swollen edematous lungs & interstitial pneumonia


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80

Other lesions
• Enlarged and mottled liver
• Infarcts, thrombosis and lymphoid
hypertrophy in spleen
• Hemorrhagic and ulcerative enteritis


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81

• Hemorrhagic septicemia
• Babesiosis
• Malignant catarrhal fever


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82

Fascioliasis
• Fascioliasis is caused by different liver
flukes(Trematode)
• Etiology
– Fasciola gigantica
– Fasciola hepatica
– Fasciola magna - one of the largest of flukes


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83

• Emaciated, anemic or edematous carcass in
severe chronic infestations
• Presence of flukes in enlarged and thickened
bile ducts and in the liver parenchyma
• Hepatic abscesses and secondary bacterial
infection
• Calcification of bile ducts
• Hemorrhagic tracts of migratory immature
flukes in the liver and some time lungs in an
acute infestation
• Icterus due to liver damage


84

Submandibular edema


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85

Flukes in bile ducts and liver
parenchyma


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86

Thickening of bile duct



87

Young fluke of Fasciola magna


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88

Joint ill/ naval ill/ omphalitis
• Infectious disease of newborn animal
• Infection start at umbilicus and spread to
joints
• Characterized by swelling of umblilicus &
joints and drainage of pus
• Caused by
– E.coli
– Staphylococcus sp.,
– Actinomyces pyogenes

M.V.Sc., Pathology

89

• Seen in colostrum denied young calves
• Infection of umbilicus lead to omphalitis &
cystitis
• Bacterial infection produce bacteremia and
infect joints leading to arthritis
• Abscess formation and congestion of visceral
organs


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90

Swelling of umbilicus


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91

Swelling of the joints

Septic arthritis involving the distal
limb, fetlocks and pastern joints in all limbs


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92

Discharge of pus from the joints

Large fibrin clots in the carpal joint

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Edematous, hyperemic
synovial membrane
93

Liver abscess


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94

Grey foci in renal cortex and
hemorrhage in medulla


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95

• Hematoma – contain blood
• Umbilical hernia – hernial ring, sac, contents
• Patent urachus – retention of urine



96

Thank you
For your kind attention and
reading. Be the best and proud
to be a ‘Great

Veterinarian’


M.V.Sc., Pathology

97

References
• Color atlas of diseases and disorders of cattle
-Roger W.Blowey
• Rebhun’s Disease of dairy cattle
-Thomas J.Divers
• Veterinary pathology
-RS Chauhan
• http://compepid.tuskegee.edu
• http://www.fao.org

M.V.Sc., Pathology

98

Common cattle diseases by Dr.Pavulraj.S, M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI (NRCE), India

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