1. The document discusses various diseases that affect the digestive and hepatobiliary systems of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, chickens, dogs and cats. It provides information on the causative agents, susceptible species, clinical signs and lesions seen upon post-mortem examination for each disease. 2. Many of the diseases described cause vesicular lesions, ulcers, or erosions in the oral cavity or gastrointestinal tract. They can also result in fever, decreased appetite, diarrhea, lameness, and neurological signs. Diseases like foot and mouth disease are highly contagious while others like malignant catarrhal fever have sporadic outbreaks. 3. Diagnosis of many of these diseases can

1. Prepared By Dr Usman Khlaid Goraya DVM (IUB) Reference -DC Blood Rodastis
N Disease Etio Epi C.F Zx Nx
Diseases Of Digestive And Hepatobiliary System
1 Vesicular
stomatitis
Vesciculovirus
(family
Rhabdoviridae)
Cattle
horses rarely pigs
outbreaks occur in
summer autumn.
Vesicular lesions or healing ulcers on oral mucosa, teats and
Prepuce
yes Not usually
undertaken
2 FMD Aphthovirus
(family
Picomaviridae)
ruminants and
pigs. Highly
contagious, usually
low
mortality
Young animals are
more susceptible
may die due to
myocardial failure
Vesicles and bullae (1-2 cm in diameter) appear on the buccal mucosa,
dental pad and tonge, teat and between hoof
ropy strings smacking of the lips high fever (104-106°F)
anorexia
abort or have
stillbirths.
yes vesicles and
erosions in the
mouth and on the
feet and
udder, tiger heart
3 RP
Cattle plague
Morbillivirus
(family
Paramyxovirid
ae)
ruminants, rarely
swine. highly
contagious and high
mortality
Discrete, grayish, raised necrotic
lesions (1-5 mm in diameter) develop gum, on the cheek mucosa
at the commissures, and on the lower surface of the tongue
high fever (105-107°F)
Anorexia, a fall in milk yield, lacrimation hyperemia of vaginal mucosa and
swelling of vulva. Halitosis, Severe diarrhea tenesmus,
No Zebra stripes at
cecocolic
junction
4 PPR
Goat plague or
kata
Morbillivirus
(family
Paramyxovirid
ae)
Contagious disease
of
goats and sheep high
mortality
in goats
Necrotic lesions develop in the
mouth and extend over the entire oral
mucosa, forming diphtheric high fever (above
40°C), plaques profound halitosis feces may be
mucoid and blood tinged, serous discharge from the
eyes and nostrils. severe respiratory distress is a common
feature of PPR Abortions
No Zebra stripes at
ileocecal region
5 MCF
Malignant head
catarrh
Alcelaphine
herpesvirus- l ,
the
wildebeest-
associated
malignant
catarrhal
fever (MCF)
virus: Ovine
Highly fatal disease
of
cattle and farmed
deer and
occasionally
pigs. Disease
associated with
contact with
Erosive mucosal lesions may be localized or diffuse. They may occur on the:
Hard palate,Dorsum of the tongue,Gums below the incisors,Commissures of
the mouth,Inside the lip AND entire muzzle
to be covered by tenacious scabs.skin-horn junction of the feet, especially at
the back of
the pastern. The skin of the teats, vulva and scrotum in acute cases may
slough off.
Persistence of the fever is a characteristic of MCF above 103F
Nervous signs
Lesions in the
mouth, nasal
cavities and
pharynx vary
from minor
degrees of
hemorrhage and
erythema,

2. Prepared By Dr Usman Khlaid Goraya DVM (IUB) Reference -DC Blood Rodastis
herpesvirus-2,
the
sheep-
associated
MCF virus
sheep,may
occur sporadically
weakness in one leg, incoordination, a demented appearance,muscle
tremor,nystagmus, head-pushing,
paralysis
Lymphadenopathy
feces varies to dysentery
hematuria
eye changes gray ring at the corneoscleral junction,Hypopyon
Petechial
hemorrhages and
congestion may
be visible i brain
and meninges
6 BVD
MD
Three
pestiviruses:(Fl
aviviridae and
are members of
the genus
Pcstivirus.)
bovine
pestivirus
Border disease
virus of sheep
Hog cholera
virus
Cattle,Persistently-
infected (PI)
calves,Young and
unvaccinated
cattle in herd most
susceptible
Subclinical infection ,mild disease of high morbidity and low case fatality
characterized by a mild fever, leukopenia, inappetence and mild diarrhea
followed by rapid recovery in a few days.
Acute Form; erosions occur:Inside the lips,gums and dental pad,posterior
part of the hard
palate,At the commissures of the mouth, tongue,oral cavity may have
a'cooked' appearance,mucopurulent nasal discharge,laminitis, coronitis
Chronic form;erosive lesions at perineum,scrotum, preputial orifice and
vulva, between the legs and at the skin horn junction,interdigital cleft
Diarrhea,Inappetence,Progressive emaciation.Rough dry hair coat,Chronic
bloat.Hoof deformities,Chronic erosions in the oral cavity and on the skin
Unthrifty PI calves, smaller in body size,result in a high incidence of
fatal respiratory disease
Peracute form;highly fatal and occur in immunocompetent seronegative
cattle
in postnatal life,respiratory distress, anorexia, profuse watery diarrhea,
dysentery, conjunctivitis, fever up to 42.0°C, and agalactia and Abortion, In
late gestation
Reproductive failu re and neonatal disease;conception failure,increased
embryonic mortality, fetal mummification, abortion, premature births,
stillbirths, congenital defects, the birth of stunted weak calves, and the birth
of PI calves which subsequently may develop MD.
Congenital defects in calves ;microencephalopathy, hydrocephalus,
hydranencephaly porencephaly cerebellar
hypoplasia, and hypomyelination. Cerebellar hypoplasia,cataracts,
microphthalmia, optic neuritis, retinal degeneration, thymic hypoplasia,
hypotrichosis and alopecia, curly hair coat, hyena disease, deranged
osteogenesis,mandibular brachygnathism, and growth retardation
little
inflammation
around them and
with a
raw, red base are
present on the
muzzle,
in the mouth, and
to a lesser extent
in the
pharynx, larynx
and posterior
nares.
Erosive lesions
may be present in
the forestomachs,
but
are usually
confined to the
pillars of the
rumen and the
leaves of the
omasum
7 Acute
undifferentiated
Page no.852
Radostits

3. Prepared By Dr Usman Khlaid Goraya DVM (IUB) Reference -DC Blood Rodastis
Diarrhea of
newborn farm
Animals
10th
edi.
8 Blue tongue Orbivirus
(Reoviridae)
Noncontagious
disease of sheep and
occasionally cattle,
transmitted by
Cuilcoides spp.
Cattle are the
reservoir and
amplification hosts.
Sheep
Hyperemia and ulceration are also common at the commissures of the lips,
on the buccal papillae and around the anus and vulva.nasal discharge is
mucopurulent and often blood stained and the saliva is frothy and mouth has
an offensive odor,conjunctivitis,profuse lacrimation, secondary aspiration
pneumonia,severe febrile reaction (105-106°F) and resp. upto100mint
Appearance of a dark red to purple band in the skin just above the coronet,
due to coronitis, is an important diagnostic sign,Wryneck,facial swelling,loss
of the fleece
Cattle
Ulcerative lesions on the tongue, lips, dental pad, and muzzle.A severe
coronitis, sometimes with sloughing of the hoof.photodermatitis and lesions
on teats.
Fever (40 -41°C, 104 -106°F),Excessive salivation, Edema of the lips,
Inappetence, Nasal discharge,Fetid breath
In pregnant cows abortion or congenital deformities including
hydranencephaly microcephaly curvature of the limbs, blindness and
deformity of the jaw.
Goat
very little clinically,moderate fever, and hyperemia of the mucosae and
conjunctivae.
most distinctive
hemorrhage at
the base
of the pulmonary
artery
lung
consolidation
9 ND
RANIKHET
DISEASE
Rubulavirus
genus member
avian
paramyxovirus
(Paramyxoviru
s)
Respiratory,
gastrointestinal and
nervous signs occur
in chickens upto
100% mortality rate
Viscerotropic
Neurotropic
Mesogenic
Lentogenic
Viscerotropic strains
respiratory signs as gasping and rales, oedema of the head and neck and
greenish diarrhoea.
Neurotropic velogenic strains
Nervous signs as wing paralysis, leg paralysis, torticollis and muscle spasms.
Mesogenic strains causes Respiratory disease.
Lentogenic strains not produce disease in adult birds but may produce
respiratory signs in young birds.
yes Pinpoint
haemorrhages on
the tips of glands
in the
proventriculus
,caecal tonsils.
intestinal wall.
Spleen shows
necrosis,Marked
congestion of
trachea,Airsacs
may even contain

4. Prepared By Dr Usman Khlaid Goraya DVM (IUB) Reference -DC Blood Rodastis
cheesy (caseous)
material
10 Inclusion body
hepatitis
(Hydropericardiu
m-Hepatitis
Syndrome)
Avian
adenovirus
Mainly affects
broilers, it
sometimes occurs in
pullets. sudden
increase in mortality
Birds are listless, with ruffled feathers Lesions include
an enlarged liver
with scattered
haemorrhages
and necrosis,
intramuscular
haemorrhage and
anaemia. Kidneys
are pale and
swollen. The
spleen is usually
quite small
(atrophy)
11 Infectious canine
hepatitis
CAV-I Principally affects
the liver and
vascular
endothelium.
mortality rate ranges
from 10 to 30% in
mature dogs and up
to 100% in young
pups.
Fever, depression, anorexia, increased thirst, vomiting and
diarrhoea. Abdominal palpation may elicit pain, hepatomegaly, Corneal
opacity either unilateral or bilateral,
12 Feline
panleukopenia or
feline infectious
enteritis or feline
distemper
Feline
panleukopenia
virus
(parvovirus)
Of parvoviridae
Highly contagious
generalized disease
of domestic and wild
cats.
Fleas and humans
may act as
mechanical vectors.
Subclinical infection is common mild fever and leukopenia
Subacute disease depression, fever and diarrhoea lasting one to three days,
Vomiting, Abdominal pain, Subnormal temperatures.
Stillbirths, early neonatal death and teratological changes such as cerebellar
hypoplasia and retinal dysplasia may occur in the litters of queens infected
during late pregnancy.
Kittens with cerebellar hypoplasia exhibit cerebellar ataxia manifested as
hypermetria, incoordination and, frequently, intention tremors. These signs
may persist for life.
13 Canine parvovirus
infection
Canine
parvovirus-2
Highly contagious
enteric disease, age
and the immune
status of the animal
Enteric form
Vomiting, anorexia. Depression,fever, Diarrhoea, often blood-stained,
develops within 48 hours and in severe cases, there may be frank
haemorrhage and foetid smell.

5. Prepared By Dr Usman Khlaid Goraya DVM (IUB) Reference -DC Blood Rodastis
largely determine
the form and
severity of the
disease.
Myocardial form rare
Acute heart failure before eight weeks of age. congestive heart failure
extensive fibrosis following myocardial necrosis.
14 Feline calicivirus
infection
Feline
calicivirus(
Caliciviridae)
40% of upper
respiratory tract
inflammatory
disease
in cats worldwide
most commonly in
kittens as
maternally-derived
antibody wanes
between two and six
months of age
Confined to the upper respiratory tract and the conjunctivae
Characteristic vesicles on the tongue and oral mucosa vesicles rupture
leaving shallow ulcers.
Stiffness and shifting lameness,
15 Feline infectious
peritonitis
feline
coronavirus
Occurs sporadically
in catteries
or multicat
households. The
incidence is reported
to be
higher in pedigree
cats, less than one
year of
age appear to be
most susceptible
Generally non-specific as anorexia, weight loss, listlessness and dehydration.
Icterus
Effusive form; fibrin rich exudates in the abdominal or thoracic cavities,
dyspnea
Non-effusive;less characteristic.Signs, Anterior uveitis, chorioretinitis and
neurological signs may appear
16 Canine
coronavirus
infection
canine
coronavirus
(CCV)
Susceptible dogs of
all ages but more
occur in kenneled
dogs and pups
Nonspecific as anorexia, depression, vomiting, diarrhea.
17 Egg drop
syndrome
Egg drop
syndrome
virus(Adenovir
idae)
Prevalent in ducks
and laying hens up
to 36 weeks of age
Drop in egg production or by failure to reach peak production, lay abnormal
eggs.
Inflammatory
lesions on
oviduct
particularly shell
gland.
18 Enterotoxemia or
Pulpy
CLOSTRIDIU
M
Lambs 3-1 0 weeks
of
Lambs; illness is very short, often less than 2 hours and never more than 12
hours. dullness, depression, yawning, facial movements and loss of interest
characteristic
finding of soft,

6. Prepared By Dr Usman Khlaid Goraya DVM (IUB) Reference -DC Blood Rodastis
kidney or
overeating disease
PERFRINGEN
S TYPE
D(epsilon
toxin)
age and lambs and
calves after
weaning.
Goats of all ages.
in feed. Acute cases severe clonic convulsions, frothing at the mouth and
rapid death, green, pasty diarrhea, staggering, recumbency, opisthotonos,
and severe clonic convulsions. temperature is usually normal but may be
elevated if convulsions are severe
Adult sheep; lag behind the flock staggering and knuckling, champing of
the j aws, salivation, and rapid, shallow, irregular respiration, Irritation signs,
including convulsions, muscle tremor, grinding of the teeth, salivation.
Calves; nervous signs predominating, no evidence of struggling.
Acute case; bellOwing,,mania, and convulsions, the convulsions persisting
until death occurs 1-2 hours
later. Subacute cases, many of which recover, do not drink, are quiet and
docile, and appear to be blind, although the eye's preservation reflex persists
Goats; Diarrhea is a prominent sign, convulsions, fever (40.soC,
105°P),severe abdominal pain and dysentery
pulpy kidneys is
only useful in
animals straw-
colored
pericardial and
thoracic fluid that
clots on exposure
to air. small
intestine often
contains a
moderate amount
of thin, creamy
ingesta large
intestine may be
watery and dark
green.
19 Colibacillosis E.coli verocytotoxigenic
(VTEC) or Shiga-
toxinproducing
(STEC), and
necrotoxigenic
E. coli (NTEC)
Calves;
Coliform septicemia; depressed and weak, commonly recumbent, and
dehydrated; tachycardia, suck reflex is weak or absent, the oral mucous
membranes are dry and cool, and the capillary refill
time may be prolonged. Cold extremities, weak peripheral pulse, arthritis,
meningitis, panophthalmitis and, less commonly, pneumonia, Opisthotonos,
convlsions, tremors,and hyperesthesia
Enteric col ibacillosis; most common weakness,coma, subnormal
temperature, a cold clammy skin, pale mucosae, wetness around the mouth,
collapse of superficial veins, slowness and irregularity of the heart, mild
convulsive movements, and periodic apnea. Diarrhea is usually not evident
abdomen may be slightly distended and succussion and auscultation may
reveal fluid-splashing sounds suggesting a fluid-filled intestine, feces are
profuse and watery to pasty, usually pale yellow to white in color or blood
flecks and very foul-smelling
Lambs and goat kids; in lambs is commonly septicemic and peracute-
meningtis, stiff gait, recumbency with
hyperesthesia and tetanic convulsions.
yes coliform
septicemia there
may be no
gross lesions
20 Braxy (bradshot) Costridium
septicum and
ingestion of
Weaners and
yearling
sheep in winter
Rapid death Pathognomonic
braxy-like lesions

7. Prepared By Dr Usman Khlaid Goraya DVM (IUB) Reference -DC Blood Rodastis
frosted
feedstuffs
in the abomasum
is recorded
21 Infectious necrotic
hepatitis
(black disease)
Costridium
novi
type B
(Rapid death)
Adult sheep in good
condition. Seasonal
prevalence related to
migration of
immature liver fluke
in the liver.
Sheep; segregate, lag behind, fever( 10S-107°F), hyperesthesia; respiration
is rapid and shallow, sternal recumbency
Cattle; depression, reluctance to move,coldness of the skin, absence of
rumen sounds, a low or normal temperature, and weakness and muffling of
the heart sounds, abdominal pain,
Horses; peritonitis, depression, reluctance to walk, pain on palpation of the
abdomen, frequent straining and recumbency
Engorgement of
the subcutaneous
vessels and a
variable degree
of subcutaneous
edema.
The dark
appearance of the
inside of the skin,
particularly
noticeable on
drng, has given
rise to the name
black disease.
liver is swollen,
gray-brown
22 Salmonellosis
(paratyphoid)
Cattle:
S.typhimurium,
S.dublin,
S.newport.
Sheep & goats:
S.typhimurium,
S. dublin.
Horses:
S.typhimurium.
Worldwide.
Important
zoonosis and
foodborne illness.
Bovine salmonellosis; Septicemia- common form of the disease in newborn
calves, incoordination and nystagmus, may occur.
Acute enteritis; abortion in pregnant cows and polyarthritis in calves,
dysentery, with whole blood passed in large clots, complete agalactia in
lactating cows. Abdominal pain.
Chronic enteritis; inappetence, reduced weight gain, and unthriftiness
Ovine and caprine salmonellosis; S. dublin, fever and diarrhea are
followed in pregnant ewes by abortion
yes Septicemia; no
gross lesions.
Enteritis; Foci of
necrosis and
thickened
intestinal wall in
chronic
enteritis.
23 Paratuberculosis
(johne's Disease)
Mycobacterium
avium
subspecies
paratuberculosi
s (Map)
Commonly in cattle
and to a lesser extent
in sheep and goats
Cattle;
Silent infection- no clinical signs and no effects on body weight gain.
Subclinical disease; Carrier adults: no clinical signs.
Clinical disease; Gradual loss of body weight despite a normal appetite.
diarrhea develops. Milk production declines,TPR normal. feces are soft and
thin, like thick pea
soup, homogeneous, and without offensive odor. There is marked absence of
blood, epithelial debris, and mucus.
yes Cattle;
Intestinal
corrugation
sheep and goat;
intestinal wall
may be
thickened,
corrugation not a
common.

8. Prepared By Dr Usman Khlaid Goraya DVM (IUB) Reference -DC Blood Rodastis
Advanced clinical disease; emaciation is the most obvious abnormality, .
The diarrhea is characterized by a fluid 'waterhose' or 'pipestream'passage of
feces.
Sheep & Goat; emaciation, and shedding of wool, Diarrhea is not severe but
the feces may be soft enough to lose their usual pelleted form in both
species.
Diseases Of Urogenital System
24 Brucellosis
(Bang's disease)
Brucela aborus Major cause of
abortion
in cattle. Undulant
fever in
humans
Cattle; Abortion epidemics in first-calf unvaccinated heifers after fifth
month of pregnancy. Subsequent pregnancies carried to term.
Bull; Orchitis,epididymitis,,Synovitis
Horses; Fistulous withers
yes Necrotizing
placentitis and
disseminated
inflammatory
reactions in
aborted fetal
tissues are the
characteristic
changes.
25 Leptospirosis Leptospira
interrogans
(many distinct
serovars).
Leptospira
borgpetersenii
(many distinct
serovars)
Occurs in cattle,
sheep and
goats,,horse
Cattle;
Acute leptospirosis;L. Pomona- Calves up to 1 month old are most
susceptible. high fever (105-107°F),anorexia, petechiation of
mucosae,depression, and acute hemolytic anemia with hemoglobinuria,
jaundice and pallorof the mucosae, Milk production is markedly decreased
and the secretion is redcolored or contains blood clots, and the udder is limp
and soft, Severe lameness due to synovitis, photosensitization.
Subacute form; L. Pomona- fever is milder (102-105°F), and depression,
anorexia, dyspnea and hemoglobinuria,drop in milk production and
appearance of blood-stained or yellow-orange, thick milk in all four quarters
without apparent physical change in the udder.
C hronic form;L.pomona- restricted to abortion (last trimester)
Leptospirosis associated with L. hardjo Infertility and milk drop
syndrome, fever, anorexia, immobility and agalactia. milk is yellow to
orange and may contain clots,udder is flabby, there is no heat or pain, and all
four quarters are equally affected.
Sheep and goats; rare, febrile, dyspneic, snuffle, and hang their heads
down. Some have hemoglobinuria, pallor of mucosae and jaundice, and die
within 12 h.
yes Acute bovine
leptospirosis is
characterized by
anemia, jaundice,
hemoglobinuria
and subserosal
hemorrhages.
There may be
ulcers and
hemorrhages in
the abomasal
mucosa

9. Prepared By Dr Usman Khlaid Goraya DVM (IUB) Reference -DC Blood Rodastis
27 Dourine (MALADIE
DU colt)
Trypanosoma
equiperdum
Venereal disease of
horses, mules, and
donkeys,
initial signs; stallion; swelling and edema of the penis, scrotum,
prepuce, and surrounding skin, extending
as far forward as the chest. Paraphimosis, moderate mucopurulent
urethral discharge.
Mares; the edema commences in the vulva and i s accompanied b
y a profuse fluid discharge, hyperemia,, ulceration of the vagnal
mucosa. The edema spreads to the perineum, udder, and abdominal
floor.
secondary stage, cutaneous urticaria-like plaques, 2-5 cm in
diameter,develop on the body and neck, 'silver dollar spots' are
pathognomonic for dourine but are not always present
tertiary stage; is characterized by progressive anemia, emaciation,
weakness,nervous signs as; Stiffness, weakness of the limbs,
incoordination, ataxia and paralysis. Marked atrophy of the
hindquarters is common.
external genitalia
may have healed,
leaving the
characteristic
depigmented
scars of permanent
leukodennic
patches.
28 Strongylosis
(redworm
infestation)
Two nematode
subfamilies:
the Strongylinae
(large strongyles)
and
Cyathostominae
(known variously as
small strongyles,
small redworms,
trichonemes,
commonly found in
the large intesline of
horses- large
strongyles include
Strongylus vulgaris,
S. edentatus, and S.
equinus
Ill-thrift, poor hair coat, impaired performance,weight loss and
anemia are signs associated with a 'wormy' horse, Clinical
syndromes caused by arteritis, pyrexia, inappetence,depression,
leukocytosis, and intermittent or continuous colic. Diarrhea may,
feces are normal. Abortion may occur and the mare usually dies.
siultaneous maturation of large numbers of hypobiotic larvae
induces the condition known as winter or larval
cyathostominosis. This is usually characterized by rapid loss of
weight, often accompanied by sudden onset diarrhea which
becomes chronic. Subcutaneous edema
strongyle worms
may b e seen
attached or close to
the mucosal surface
of cecum and
colon. Larvae of S.
edentatus cause
hemorrhagic tracts
and nodules in the
liver and adhesions
and disruptions of
Horses-Abortion-L.interrogans serovar Pomona, uveitis and associated
blindness
26 Contagious bovine
Pyelonephritis
Corynebacteriu
m renale
Organism is present
in the vagina of
carrier animals.
Infection spread, and
disease initiated, by
trauma such as
breeding or
catheterization
first sign- bloodstained urine, attack of acute colic, manifest by swishing of
the tail, treading of the feet and kicking at the abdomen, fluctuating
temperature (103°F), capricious appetite, fall in milk yield, most obvious
sign is blood, pus, mucus, and tissue debris in the urine
kidneys are
usually enlarged
and the
lobulation less
evident than
normal
Parasitic and protozoic diseases

10. Prepared By Dr Usman Khlaid Goraya DVM (IUB) Reference -DC Blood Rodastis
cyathostomes, or
cyathostomins)
omental
architecture.
Hemorrhagic
nodules
1-3 cm in diameter
29 Hemonchosis Haemonchus
contortus in sheep
and goats
and H. placei in
cattle
Barber s pole'
appearance of
female worms (if
fresh)
Lambs and young
sheep are commonly
affected.
Heavy infestations
in summer
Chronic cases show lethargy and muscular weakness, pallor
mucosae conjunctivae, anasarca, particularly under the lower jaw
and to a lesser extent along the ventral abdomen.
Grazing animals lie down, constipation
In calves,severe anemia,anasarca.
Gelatinization of
fat deposits,
general anasarca
and the presence of
large
numbers of readily
visible H. contortus
or
H placei in the
abomasum.
30 Fasciolosis
(liver fluke disease)
Fasciola hepatica,
in warmer climates,
F.gigantica
Seasonality and
disease risk
determined by
occurrence of
intermediate hosts
(lymnaeid mud
snails).
Acute fasciolosis; sudden death, in the summer and autumn,
Dullness,Weakness,Lack of appetite,Pallor and edema of mucosae
and
conjunctivae,Pain when pressure is exerted over the area of the
liver, blood-stained discharges from the nostrils and anus, Acute
fasciolosis rarely occurs in cattle.
subacute fasciolosis; weight loss,pallor of the mucous membranes.
Submandibular edema
Chronic fasciolosis; Affected sheep lose weight, develop
submandibular edema (bottle jaw), pallor of the mucosae, Shedding
of the wool, Cattle also lose weight, especially if lactating, milk
production
falls and anemia may develop.
Calcification
of the bile duct
walls is a common
finding
in cattle but not in
sheep.
31 Coccidiosis Eimeria
spp.,Isospora spp.
Cattle: E.zuernii, E.
bovisE.
ellipsoidalis. E.
alabamensis,
E. auburensis,E.
wyomingensis
Young calves,
lambs,kids rarely,
foals.,
Most commonly in
crowded
Sheep; mild fever, first sign is the sudden onset of diarrhea with
foul-smelling, mucus and blood, tarry staining, rectal prolapse may
occur, anemia,Clinical coccidiosis occurs only rarely
in adult cattle, in calves; Diarrhea, dysentery,tenesmus, pale
mucous membrane, thickening and corrugation of the rectal wall,
Nervous signs consisting of muscular,tremors, hyperesthesia,
clonic-tonic convulsions with ventroflexion of the head and neck
In cattle,
congestion,
hemorrhage, and
thickening of the
mucosa
of the cecum,
colon, rectum, and
ileum

11. Prepared By Dr Usman Khlaid Goraya DVM (IUB) Reference -DC Blood Rodastis
Sheep:; E. arloingi
(ovina),
E. weybridgenis
E. crandallis,E.
ahsata
E. ovinoidalis
Goats: E. arloingi,
E. faurei,
E. gilruthi, E.
caprovina,
E.
ninakohlyakimovae
E. christenseni
Horses; E.
leuckarti.
and nystagmus, and high mortality rate (80-90%) occurs in calves
with acute clinical coccidiosis
Lambs; less dysentery. blood, low-grade abdominal pain,mild
fever, recumbency, emaciation
Horses; rapid death have been described in foals.
are the
characteristic gross
changes.
n sheep are
marked by more
severe involvement
of
the small intestine
than in cattle
32 Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium
parvum
C andersoni
common in
ruminant neonates,
does not imply
clinical disease
No clinical findings characteristic
of diarrhea only moderate diarrhea can be severe in case of
enterobacteria involvement.
yes Atrophy of villi in
the
small intestine
33 Giardiasis
(lambliasis)
Giardia duodenalis
(synonyms
intestinalis,
lamblia)
infection i n young
more, Cross species
and water
transmission
possible
Chronic malabsorbtive type of diarrhea, growth depression
despite a normal appetite.
yes Villus atrophy
34 Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii Three infective
stages:
1.Tachyzoites in
intermediate host
2.Bradyzoites -
present in the tissue
cysts
3.Oocysts
(containing
sporozoites)present
only in cat feces
Cattle; fever, dyspnea, and nervous signs, as
ataxia,hypereaxcitabity,, Stillborn or weak calves that die soon, no
significant role in bovine abortion. Congenitally affected calves
show fever, dyspnea, coughing,sneezing, nasal discharge, clonic
convulsions, grinding of the teeth, and tremor of the head and neck
Sheep; syndrome of fever,dyspnea, generalized tremor, abortions,
and stillbirths can occur, resorption, abortion, the birth of
mummified or stillborn lambs, neonatal death
Goats; perinatal deaths, including abortions and stillbirths
Horse rare
yes Multiple,
proliferative, and
necrotic
granulomata, foci
of inflammation
and necrosis, which
may produce
macroscopically
visible white foci.

12. Prepared By Dr Usman Khlaid Goraya DVM (IUB) Reference -DC Blood Rodastis
35 Stomach fluke
disease
(Intestinal
amphistomosis)
Paramphistomum
cervi,
P microbothrioides
Mature flukes in the
forestomachs of
animals normally
cause little harm
Characteristic persistent fetid diarrhea is accompanied by weakness,
depression, dehydration,anorexia, submaxillary edema and obvious
pallor of the mucosae.
Duodenal mucosa
thickened, mucus
blood stained with
large numbers of
small, flesh-colored
flukes.
36 Tapeworm
infestations
(Adult)
Ruminants;
Moniezia expansa,
M.benedeni,
Avitellina spp,
Stilesia hepatica,
Thysanosoma
actinioides
Horses;
Anoplocephala
maga,
A.perfoliata,
Anoplocephaloides
Transmission by
ingestion
of infected free-
living pasture
(oribatid)
mites.
Ruminants;
Mostly asymptomatic but heavy burdens may result in
unthriftiness, poor coat, vague digestive disturbances including
constipation, milddiarrhea, and dysentery and sometimes anemia.
Horses
Mostly asymptomatic but in heavy infestations- abdominal
conditions including; colic, perforation of the cecum, ileocecal,
cecocolic, and ileoileal intussusception,colonic, and cecal torsion,
ileal thickening and obstruction
yes small ulcer and a
mild inflammatory
response
T actinioides and S.
hepatica, the
presence of worms
in the biliary and
pancreatic ducts
Tapeworm
infestations
(Larvae)
(metacestodes)
Taenia (Multiceps)
multiceps causes
coenurosis ('gid') in
sheep.Taenia
hydatigena
metacestodes
asymptomatic but
can cause hepatitis
cysticercosis
Livestock may act
as the intermediate
hosts for the
tapeworms of
humans and other
animals
Cattle; Taenia saginata (the beef tapeworm of humans), also known
as Cysticercus bovis,
Pig; T solium (the pork tapeworm of humans)
Sheep; T saginata but uses pigs as its intermediate host.Cysts in the
musculature of sheep (known as C. avis) are the itermediate form of
a dog cestode (T avis)
Hydatid cysts (Echinococcus granulosus), which develop in the
lungs and/or liver of sheep, cattle and horses.
37 Miscellaneous
roundworm
infestations
As
Oxuris equi
Pin worm life cycle
is direct. The mature
: worms are gray in
color and inhabit the
cecum and colon.
The male is 1-2 cm
long, but the female
is much longer, up
to
Prevalence in areas
of high rainfall
Irritation of the perianal region of horses, causing them to rub and
bite their tails. can result in hair loss and sometimes physical
damage to the tissues of the area

13. Prepared By Dr Usman Khlaid Goraya DVM (IUB) Reference -DC Blood Rodastis
15 cm, and has a
long tapering tail
Strongyloides(Thread
worm)
S. westeri in
horses,
S.papillosus in
sheep and cattle.
Habitat Small
intestine. Thread-
like less
than 1 cm in length
Diarrhea in young animals, passage of massive numbers of larvae
through the skin may also provoke dermatitis.
lambs,;dennatitis, pulmonary hemorrhage ,enteritis
Bulls ;balanoposthitis
Goats’ produced transient diarrhea,dehydration, cachexia, gnashing
of teeth, foaming at mouth, anemia and nervous signs.
Foals; diarrhea, frenzy
Trichuris
(whipworm)
Ruminants;Trichuris
avis, T discolor,
T globulosa
In cecum Heavy infestations can nevertheless produce serious disease with
diarrhea and
dysenter,
Feces may contain bloodstained mucus and strips of necrotic
mucosa.
Adult worms
which are 2-5 cm
long are easily
recognized by their
whip-like
appearance
the anterior third is
much thinner than
handle-like
posterior end
Chabertiosis Chabertia ovina inhabits colon of
sheep, goats, and
cattle in sheep in
colder
areas during the
winter months
Soft blood flecked feces with excess mucus are
passed.
Summer sores in
horses or cutaneous
habronemosis or
summer sores',
'swamp cancer', and
'bursattee'
Habronema muscae,
H majus (syn.
microstoma), and
Draschia
megastoma
importance only in
warmer climates,
Gastric habronemosis; does not usually provoke clinical signs,
Large tumors may cause pyloric obstruction and gastric distension,
fever(103-105 F) and pain and heat on the left side just behind the
costal arch. Mild to-moderate colic may be evidenced when
intestinal stenosis
Cutaneous habronemosis; common on the face below the medial
canthus of the eye and on the midline of the abdomen, extending in
males onto the prepuce and penis. lesions may increase to 30 cm
gastric form:
eggs difficult to
find in feces;
Cutaneous
form:demonstration
of larvae,
eosinophils
scraping.