Common bacterial, viral, fungal and viral diseases of sheep in India

1. DISEASES OF SHEEP
PRODUCTION SYSTEM STUDY CIRCLE
Omkar Sunil Phadtare
V/15/191
Year III
Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur
Guide:
Dr. J. M. Chahande (M.V.Sc., Ph.D.)
Associate Professor & In-charge,
Department of Livestock Production and
Management,
Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur

2. Diseases in Sheep

3. Bacterial
1. Anthrax
2. Actinobacillosis
3. Brucellosis
4. Black Quarter
5. Botulism
6. Braxy
7. Enterotoxaemia
8. Caseous
lymphadenitis
9. Foot Rot
10.Johne’s Disease
11.Listeriosis
12.Salmonellosis
13.Tetanus
14.Tuberculosis
Parasitic
1. Fascioliasis
2. Coenuriasis (Sheep
Gid)
3. Haemonchosis
4. Coccidiosis
5. Oesophagostomiasis
(Pimply Gut)
6. Babesiosis
7. Theileriosis
8. Schistosomiasis
9. Oestrus Ovis
Viral
1. Peste des Petits
Ruminants
2. Blue Tongue
3. Maedi/Visna
4. Contagious
Ecthyma (Orf)
5. Sheep Pox
6. Scrapie
Mycotic
1. Dermatophytosis
2. Facial eczema

4. BACTERIAL DISEASES

5. ANTHRAX
• Synonym : Splenic fever, charbon
• Etiology: Gram positive capsulated rod, spore forming '
BACILLUS ANTHRACIS'
• Clinical signs:
• The disease may occur in a per acute, acute, subacute or chronic
form.
• Death may takes place without symptoms in per acute form
• Discharge of dark tarry blood from the natural orifices
• Sheep-Subcutaneous oedema common.
• PM should not be conducted.

6. Black Quarter
• Synonym: Black leg, quarter ill, Symptomatic anthrax
• Etiology: Clostridium chauvoei - Gram positive, spore
forming, rod shaped bacterium
• Transmission: Wound infection
• Clinical signs:
• Fever, lameness, visible swelling of muscles- Tongue, diaphragm,
myocardium and gluteal muscles
• In early stages, the swelling is hot and painful to the touch but
soon cold and painless and oedema and emphysema can be felt

7. Brucellosis
• Synonym: Mediterranean fever, Gastric fever, Bruce septicaemia,
Malta fever, Bang’s disease, undulant fever in humans.
• Etiology: Gram negative, mostly rod shaped or coccoid, Brucella
ovis.
• Transmission:
• By contact
• Ingestion of infective uterine discharge, aborted foetus or placenta
• Organisms are excreted in milk
• Rare through coitus
• Clinical signs:
• Abortion in ewes
• Orchitis, epididymitis in male sheep and goats.

8. Listeriosis (Circling disease)
• Etiology: Listeria monocytogenes -Rod shaped, Gram +ve, intracellular
organisms
• Transmission:
• Ingestion of contaminated material
• Ingestion of milk
• Wounds in the buccal mucosa
• Infection of trigeminal nerve
• Organisms are excreted in feces -Source of infection
• Clinical signs:
• Encephalitis
• Abnormal position of the head and neck
• “circling”
• Nystagmus
• Abortion
• Facial paralysis in lamb

9. Johne’s Disease (Paratuberculosis)
• Aetiology: Mycobaterium Paratuberculosis
• Transmission:
• Infection is ingestion. Faeces containing the organisms serve as the primary
source of infection.
• Clinical signs:
• Emaciation, hide and bound with dry coat
• Normal appetite with increased thirst and diarrrhoea
• Diarrhoea is not common.
• Diagnosis:
• Johnin Test
JD - corrugation of intestine

10. Parasitic Diseases

11. Trypnosomosis
• Aetiology: Trypanosoma spp.
• Clinical signs:
• Temperature, aimless walking in circles, salivation,
grinding of teeth, coma.
• Diagnosis:
• Examination of blood smear in acute phase of infection
Peripheral blood smear

12. Haemonchosis
• Definition:
• Under the family of Trichostrongyloidea, Haemonchus
contortus is the worm seen in the abomasum of cattle, sheep
and goat.
• Clinical signs:
• Anaemia is the most outstanding symptom and is associated
with oedematous swelling under the jaw and ventral
abdomen.
• Diarrhoea with progressive weakness and emaciation results.
• Self cure phenomenon might occur due to the animal
developing immunity.
• Diagnosis
• Symptoms
• Demonstration of ova

13. Oesophagostomiasis
• Synonym: Pimply Gut
• Aetiology: Oesophagostomum columbianum
• Clinical signs:
• Persistent diarrhea
• Anaemia
• Anorexia
• Muscular weakness
• Whipping of tail
• Signs of cholic

14. Fascioliasis
• Aetiology
• Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica
• Clinical signs
• Acute, subacute and chronic forms. Subacute and acute
forms in sheep are usaually fatal- Damage to liver but
death due to haemorrhages and anaemia
• Chronic: Anaemia, unthriftiness, submandibular oedema
and reduced milk secretion
• Extensive fibrosis and calcification of the bile ducts give
rise to the term "pipe stem liver" /"clay pipe liver"

15. False Gid
• Aetiology: Oestrus ovis (Sheep Nasal Bot Fly)
• Clinical signs:
• Circling movement
• High stepping gait
• Infection with Coenurus cerebralis

16. Viral Diseases

17. FMD
• Synonym : Aphthous fever,Aftosa,Enzootic apthiae
• Etiology:
• Picorna virus group,
• GENUS-APHTHOUS VIRUS
• Transmission:
• Ingestion of contaminated materials
• Clinical signs
• High temperature
• Vesicles appear on mouth
• Rupture leaving ulcer - refuses feed and water
• Vesicles on cleft of feet leading to lameness
• Also seen in lightly haired parts (Udder and teat)
• Produces smacking noise or smacking of tongue
• Drooling of saliva
• "Tigroid heart appearance"

18. Blue Tongue
• Synonym: Catarrhal fever of sheep, Sore muzzle of
sheep
• Aetiology: Arthropod-borne orbi virus in the family of
Reoviridae
• Transmission
• Biting insect of the genus of the Culicoides
• It has been transmitted by semen from an infected ram
• Clinical signs
• High fever with reddening of nasal and oral mucosa
• Dyspnoea and salivation
• Watery discharge from the nostrils , mucous dry and form crusts
• Tongue appears bluish or cyanotic and swollen
• Oedema of lips, nose, ear and inter mandibular space "Oedema
and cyanosis of Tongue "– ‘Blue Tongue’

19. Visna-Maedi
• Synonyms:
• Ovine progressive pneumonia, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, Chronic viral
encephalomyelitis of sheep
• Definition
• The visna – maedi are different clinical manifestations of the same viral
infection. The “visna syndrome” is a slow progressive demyelination, whereas
maedi-syndrome is a slowly progressive interstitial pneumonia
• Clinical signs
• Incubation period – 2-3 years
• Clinical signs develop slowly
• Listlessness
• Loss of body condition
• Progressive emaciation
• Dyspnoea / coughing / nasal discharge

20. Scrapie
• Synonym: Ovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
• Definition
• Scrapie is a disease of sheep caused by prion characterized by pruritis and other nervous
symptoms
• Etiology
• Proteinacious infective particle(Prion)
• No DNA/RNA
• Do not produce any inflammation or immune reaction in the host.
• Transmission
• Oral ingestion, Placenta is infectious, Prenatal infection, Coitus
• Clinical signs
• Restlessness and alertness
• Rub the body against hard objects
• Grinding of teeth, Twitching of muscles
• Wobbling gait
• Paralysis of hind limbs
• Fits, Emaciation and death
• Demyelination -Spinal cord and cerebrum

21. Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR)
• Synonyms
• Plague of small ruminants (goats, sheep), Erosive stomatitis, Enteritis of goats
• Stomatitis – pneumoenteritis complex
• Etiology: Morbilli virus
• Transmission
• Close contact with infected animal -Direct contact
• Contaminated fomites
• Inhalation / conjunctival or oral routes
• Clinical signs
• High fever, Dullness, Sneezing
• Serous discharges from eyes and nostrils which turns mucopurulent later
• Leucopenia
• Haemorrhage and ulcers in ileo – caecal junction, colon and rectum forming
“Zebra stripes”
PPR-Abomasum Ulcers

22. Fungal Diseases

23. Ring Worm
• Synonym:
• Dermatomycosis, Dermatophytoses
• Aetiology:
• Microsporum fungi, Trichophyton
• Transmission:
• Contact with infected animals
• Clinical signs:
• Raised, round crusty patches and have a diameter of 2-3cm with
alopecia on Head, neck, back, shoulders and chest in the sheep

24. Aspergillosis
• Synonym :
• Mycotic pneumonia
• Aetiology:
• Aspergillus fumigatus
• Clinical signs:
• Placentitis in pregnant animals leading to abortion and the
organisms can be isolated from the stomach of foetus.

25. Thank You