The document discusses animal nutrition and nutritional disorders. It describes the nutrients required by animals including water, carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, minerals, fat, and energy. Nutritional disorders occur when animals fail to maintain homeostasis due to issues with the quality, quantity, consistency, or regularity of their diet. Common nutritional disorders addressed include milk fever, grass tetany, udder edema, fatty liver syndrome, and ketosis. The document emphasizes the importance of providing animals a balanced ration to support health, productivity, and efficiency.

2. Group No. 07
GROUP LEADER:
SHARJEEL EHSAN
(2k12-vas-34)
GROUP MEMBERS
1-M. Afzal (2k12-vas-31)
2-Asmat Khan (2k12-vas-33)
3-Amir Hayat (2k12-vas-36)
4- M. Zee Shan (2k12-vas-37)
5- Mahnoor Malik (2k12-vas-38)

3. NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS

4. ANIMAL DIET
WATER CARBOHYDRATE PROTEIN VITAMINS MINERALSFAT
ENERGY
ANIMAL NUTRITION
The usual food and drink of an animal which comprises on nutrients

5. ANIMAL NUTRITION
NUTRIENTS ARE REQUIRED FOR:
Maintenance:
For normal physiological function to maintain health state.
Growth:
Degenerative changes in body.
Development:
Fetus in pregnant animals.
Production:
Milk, Meat, Hair etc.
Reproduction:
Reproductive efficiency.

6. ANIMAL NUTRITION
What is Nutritional disorder?
When body fails to homeostatize over situation then it is called disorder and when
problem is develop due to nutrition then it is called nutritional disorder.
Causes of Nutritional Disorders:
Quality
Quantity
Consistency
Constantibility
Regularity
Inadequate nutrition leads to change in behavior ,appearance, activity,
production etc.

7. ANIMAL NUTRITION
Essential
60% makeup
Continually lost
Constantly replenish
Maintain homeostasis
60% balance
Water requirements
Digestive process (Ruminants)
Physiological development (Milk production)
Diet (Supplements)

8. ANIMAL NUTRITION
Problems
Dehydration
Excessive loss of water from the body or from an organ or body part, as from
illness or fluid deprivation.
Due to:
Diarrhea
Kidney diseases
Sick
Refusal to drink
Kidney stones
Quality of water and renal disorders.

9. ANIMAL NUTRITION
•Energy
• Function
(Growth, Body movement)
• How supplies
• Metabolic breakdown of diet
• Fat deposits
• Normal conditions
• Roughage (producers)
• Good quality Working animals
Supplement and Protein.

10. ANIMAL NUTRITION
• ENERGY-RELATED DISORDERS:
1)- Fatty Liver Syndrome:
(Accumulation of fat within the cow’s liver.)
2)- Ketosis (Acetonemia):
(Insufficient Energy as energy demand)
Blood glucose Fat utilization and ketones formed.
3)-Rumen Acidosis:
(is said to occur when the pH of the rumen falls to less than 5.5 (normal is 6.5 to 7.0).)
4)- Laminitis (locomotion score):
(Inflamation of sensitive layer of laminae tissue inside hoof.)
5)- Abomasum Displacement and Bloat:
Due to inadequate nutrition in pregnant animals. Gas production increases and uterus displace abomasum.

11. ANIMAL NUTRITION
• Any of the inorganic elements, as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, or sodium, that are essential to the
functioning of the human body and are obtained from foods .
• Some minerals
• Calcium
• Bone structure
• Cell performance
• Muscle contraction
• Blood clotting
• Phosphorus
• Organ structure
• Nutrient transport
• Energy utilization

12. ANIMAL NUTRITION
• Iron
• Necessary for the transport of oxygen (via haemoglobin in red blood cells) and for oxidation by
cells (via cytochrome)
• Anaemia
• Magnesium
• Muscle cramps
• Constipation
• Potassium
• Critical for the normal functioning of the muscles, heart, and nerves
• Controlling activity
• Smooth muscle (digestive tract)
• Skeletal muscle
• Cardiac muscle
• Transmission of electrical signals throughout the nervous system

13. ANIMAL NUTRITION

14. ANIMAL NUTRITION
• Milk Fever (Hypocalcemia)
Low blood calcium. After calving
• Symptoms
• Loss of appetite
• Excitibility/restlessness Stage 1
• Muscle tremors Mechanism of Milk Fever
• Grinding teeth
• Muscular paralysis/ Depression Stage 2
• Head to side
• Lies on sternum
• Coma /Possible death Stage 3
• Treatment
• Calcium injection

15. ANIMAL NUTRITION
• Grass tetany
• Aka Grass Staggers
• MExcitability
• Inability magnesium deficiency
Problem
• Grazing lush grass
• Low Mg, High K, N
• Interferes with absorption in digestive tract
Symptoms
• to stand
• Stiff muscle convulsions
• Death
Treatment
• Mg injection
Prevention
• Have supplements available, Cows – 20 to 30g Mg/d.

16. ANIMAL NUTRITION
• Udder Edema:
. Heifers with edema retain fluids in the intracellular spaces of mammary tissue, leading to
swelling of the udder and teats that sometimes extends into the abdomen.
Causes: Excessive sodium and potassium
 Tenderness and distended shape of teats.
 Milk letdown.
 Chapping of the teats can increase the risk of mastitis.
 Severe swelling can do permanent damage
to the connective tissue that supports the udder.
Prevention
Recommends keeping sodium below 0.15 percent of the diet and potassium below 1.4
percent of the diet during the last three weeks before calving to avoid udder edema.

17. ANIMAL NUTRITION
• Vitamins
• Proper cell function
• Source
• Body produces
• Supplements
• Produced by Ruminants
(Vitamins B,C & K)
• Skin – sunlight exposure
• Vitamin D
• Essential: A ,D & E

18. ANIMAL NUTRITION
•Summary
 Vitamins A, D, and E must be furnished in dairy cattle diets.
Water-soluble vitamins and vitamin K are synthesized in apparently adequate
amounts by rumen microbes.
 Special situations exist where production responses have occurred or
metabolic problems corrected from supplementation of certain B vitamins.

19. ANIMAL NUTRITION
CONCLUSION
To keep the herd healthy, productive and efficient MUST provide balance ration.

20. ANIMAL NUTRITION
By: SHARJEEL EHSAN
2K12-vas-34