Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the udder in dairy cows that can range from subclinical to clinical. It is primarily caused by bacterial infections that enter through the teat canal. Mastitis has significant economic impacts on dairy farms through reduced milk production and quality. Proper milking procedures and hygiene are critical to mastitis prevention. A 10 step program including teat dipping, equipment maintenance, and monitoring somatic cell counts can help control mastitis on dairy farms.
etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
1) paracentesis 2) milk tests for mastitisShahzadHur
1) Paracentesis
The perforation of a cavity of body or a cyst or similar outgrowth, especially with a hollow needle or other instruments to remove fluid.
Or
A procedure in which a thin needle or tube is inserted into body cavity (abdomen) to remove fluid from that cavity.
2) Milk Tests For Mastitis
California Mastitis test
Surf Field Mastitis Test
The Strip cup Test
Bromocresol purple test
Bromothymol blue test
Successful management of delayed case of mastitis in cowsuren vet
In this we tried & eliminated pathogens with low antibiotics. The withdrawl period of milk is decreased. Treatment is of low cost. Easily applicable in field condition....
etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
1) paracentesis 2) milk tests for mastitisShahzadHur
1) Paracentesis
The perforation of a cavity of body or a cyst or similar outgrowth, especially with a hollow needle or other instruments to remove fluid.
Or
A procedure in which a thin needle or tube is inserted into body cavity (abdomen) to remove fluid from that cavity.
2) Milk Tests For Mastitis
California Mastitis test
Surf Field Mastitis Test
The Strip cup Test
Bromocresol purple test
Bromothymol blue test
Successful management of delayed case of mastitis in cowsuren vet
In this we tried & eliminated pathogens with low antibiotics. The withdrawl period of milk is decreased. Treatment is of low cost. Easily applicable in field condition....
Simples applications of Nanotechnology in dairy production
How to increase milk production at the farm level.In quantity and in quality to supply the processing plant with a better raw material
Milk bacteriologic quality improvment at the farm levelGood Farm Management Practices
This information was presented for DAIReXNET and released as a webinar on June 20th, 2016. In this webinar, Dr. Nickerson discusses the prevalence and treatment of mastitis in bred heifers, as well as several strategies for prevention. Learn about using teat seals, controlling horn fly populations, vaccinations, and feed additives that might help reduce the incidence of new infections.
THIS presentation EXPLAINS biomedical waste management IN EASY WAY
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The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2. What’s mastitis ?
Inflammation of one or more quarters of
the udder
Normal
Inflamed
Mammae = breast
-itis = Latin suffix for
inflammation
Swelling
pain
warm
redness
3. What’s the significance of bovine
mastitis ?
The most
costly
disease
affecting
dairy dairy
cattle
throughout
the world
Causes significant economic losses
to the dairy industry in the US
$ 200/cow/year
$ 2 billion/year
cull
RIP
4. What are the health concerns
of mastitis ?
Animal health
Loss of functional quarter
Lowered milk production
Death of cow
Human health
Poor quality milk
antibiotic residues in milk
5. How severe can mastitis be ?
Subclinical Mastitis
Clinical Mastitis
~ 90 -95% of all mastitis cases
~ 5 - 10% of all mastitis cases
Udder appears normal
Inflamed udder
Milk appears normal
Clumps and clots in milk
Elevated SCC (score 3-5)
Acute type
Lowered milk output (~ 10%)
Longer duration
major type of clinical mastitis
bad milk
loss of appetite
depression
prompt attention needed
Chronic type
bad milk
cow appears healthy
10. BACTERIA
Coliforms
Groups of organisms
E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
Environmental source (manure,
bedding, barns, floors and cows)
J-5 vaccine
Coliforms cause acute clinical mastitis
high temp, and inflamed quarter
watery milk with clots and pus
toxemia
12. How does mastitis develop ?
Cow
Predisposing conditions
Organism
Cow
Environment
Existing trauma (milking machine, heat
or cold, injury)
Teat end injury
Lowered immunity (following calving,
surgery)
Nutrition
Organisms
Environment
13. Process of infection
Organisms invade the udder through
teat canal
Migrate up the teat canal and colonize the
secretory cells
Colonized organisms produce toxic substances
harmful to the milk producing cells
14. The cow’s immune system send white blood cells
(Somatic cells) to fight the organisms
recovery
clinical
subclinical
15. How is mastitis diagnosed ?
Physical examination
Signs of inflammation
Empty udder
Differences in firmness
Unbalanced quarters
Cowside tests
California Mastitis test
16. How is mastitis diagnosed ?
Culture analysis
The most reliable
and accurate
method
costly ($ 5- 12)
17. How do you treat mastitis ?
Clinical mastitis
Strip quarter every 2 hours
Oxytocin valuable
high temp, give aspirin
Seek veterinary assistance
Treatment with penicillins
Subclinical mastitis
Questionable
Attitude adjustment !!!!!!
Don’t expect SCC to go down ASAP (4-5 weeks !)
Discard milk from treated cows (double jeopardy !)
18. THE 10 STEPS TO MASTITIS CONTROL
ONE: Prepare cows properly for milking
Udder preparation is pre-dipping with a dip labeled for
pre-dipping.Pre-dips lower the risk of new infections by
70% !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Pre-dips
Iodophors 0.0 -1.0 %
Chlorhexidine 0.2%
Quats 0.5%
LDBSA 0.2%
Hypochlorous acid
Bleach ?
Use single service paper towels, dry teats before
machine-application.
19. TWO: Have a good milking system
Milking equipment should be adequate in size,
functioning properly, and regularly cleaned and
maintained
Correctly use proper functioning milking machines and
properly prepare udders
Attach teat cups after thorough cleaning and drying of
teats
Provide stable vacuum
Check for slipping of teat cup liners
Shut of vacuum before removing teat cups.
20. THREE: Apply and remove machine carefully
Properly adjust to prevent liner slippage.
Remove machine when cow is milked out, shut off
vacuum at claw before removal.
FOUR: Dip each teat after each milking using a germicidal
teat dip.
Post-dips seal the teat ends temporarily for 6 to 8 hours
A must for long term mastitis control program
FIVE: Monitor your mastitis score (DHI-SCC, WMT) regularly.
Take action when significant increases occur.
21. SIX: Treat clinical cows, follow label recommendations,
treat aseptically. Withhold treated cows' milk from milk
supply.
SEVEN: Segregate chronic mastitis cows, milk them last,
cull when necessary.
cows with chronic mastitis serve as reservoirs of
organisms and could infect susceptible cows
EIGHT: Dry treat each quarter using partial insertion
techniques with an approved dry cow treatment at drying
off.
Cure rate is twice high as that during lactation
Lowers the risk of clinical and subclinical mastitis during
subsequent lactation
22. NINE: Keep cows clean, udders free from soil and
manure.
Fence off wet, swampy areas.
Keep free stalls and stanchions bedded properly.
Keep calving areas clean, properly bedded (straw
preferred).
TEN: Properly feed and care for cows.
23. Summary
Mastitis is primarily a management
problem
Mastitis can be controlled
Prevention programs work best when
correctly followed
25. Milking Procedures for Quality Milk
PREREQUISITES
Maintain clean, well ventilated bedded areas for cows
Segregate known infected cows. Milk them last or with
designated equipment
CMT all fresh cows by the 6th milking
Milk all treated cows last
Change rubber inflations every 60 days or 1000 cow
milkings whichever comes first
26. PREREQUISITES
Check the milking systems or units periodically for
function and reliability
Clip or singe the udder hair
Examine periodically teats and teat ends
Mastitis treatments should be done by one or two
persons and should be done after milking
Cloth towels should be washed after every use
27. Simple Steps
“Two trips to each cow will provide a
routine to Maxmize Milk Quality and
Parlor Performance”…. Dr. Andy Johnson
Step One………Strip and Predip
Step Two………Dry and Apply
28. Standardized Milking Procedures
Stanchion / Tiestall
Wear Gloves
Wipe off excess dry manure,
straw and bedding
Strip each teat into a
stripcup
Dip teats with an approved
pre-dip
Allow the pre-dip to react for
at least 30 sec.
Parlor
Wear Gloves
Wipe off excess dry
manure, straw and bedding
Strip each teat into a
stripcup
Dip teats with an approved
pre-dip
Dip 3-4 cows
Allow the pre-dip to react
for at least 30 sec.
29. Stanchion/ Tiestall
Clean teat and teat ends
using single paper towel or
individual towel cloth
The teats must be dried for
at least 15 sec
Attach milking machines
immediately after teats are
dried
Dip teats with post-dip
immediately after milking
Parlor
Return to the first cow and
clean teat and teat ends
using a single paper towel
or individual towel cloth
The teats must be dried for
at least 15 sec
Attach milking machines
immediately after teats are
dried
Dip teats with post-dip
immediately after milking
EACH STEP IS A CRITICAL POINT !!!!!!!
31. Steps involved in employing HACCP-based
concepts for establishing proper milking
procedures
STEP ONE
Educate owners and milkers about implementing a
standardized milking procedure (Benefits !!!!!!)
IF a dairy farm initiates and shows sustained interest
Establish ground rules
They will have to be proactive and adopt changes
TEAM EFFORT !!!
32. STEP TWO
Establish a team ( owner, milkers, veterinarian,
facilitator)
Mission statement
Goals and timeline
Written Procedures
Protocols
Critical Limits ( SCC > 250,000)
Recording Keeping
Milking time/milking
Bulk Tank Temp; end of 1 hr of milking
Sanitation
Schedule team meetings to review the process
33. STEP THREE
Train milkers and owners in implementing the
standardized milking procedure
STEP FOUR
Monitor the application of the standardized milking
procedure
Floor tests (each step is a critical point !)
Laboratory tests (SPC or BTSCC)
Monitor records
STEP FIVE
Establish corrective actions to be implemented if milk
quality critical limits have exceeded.
34. Bovine Mastitis
Prepared by:
Bhushan Jayarao MVSc, PhD, MPH
Extension Veterinarian
Department of Veterinary Science
Pennsylvania State University
University Park