The document provides an overview of the command line interface (CLI), detailing its operation, essential commands, and file management. It explains how to access the CLI, navigate directories, create and delete files and folders, and the conventions for file naming and formats in Windows. Additionally, it highlights fundamental commands like 'cd', 'md', 'del', and more, emphasizing their syntax and usage.

1. 1
Command Line Interface

2. 2
Lecture Objectives
 Explain the operation of the command line
interface
 Execute fundamental commands from the
command line interface
 Manipulate files and folders from the
command line

3. 3
How does the Command Line Work?
 Similar to Instant Message conversation with
computer
 The prompt indicates that the computer is
ready to receive a command
 Command is typed and ENTER is pressed
 PC executes command
 Prompt is displayed, indicating that the
computer is waiting for the next command
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4. 4
Accessing the Command Line
 Run dialog box
 Start menu under Programs | Accessories
– Win 9x/Me link is named MS-DOS prompt
– Win NT, 2000, XP link is called Command Prompt
 To close command line interface
– Type Exit at command line and press enter
– Close the window
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5. 5
Command Prompt
 VERY IMPORTANT:
The command prompt is always focused on a specific
folder.
Any commands executed are performed on the files in the
folder on which the prompt is focused.
Examples: C:> root directory of C: drive
C:DiplomaAPLUS>
You must focus the prompt on the drive and folder where
you want to work
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6. 6
Filenames and File Formats
 In Windows, each program and piece of
data is stored as an individual file
 Each file has a name, stored with the file
on the drive
 Names have 2 parts: filename and
extension
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7. 7
Eight-dot-Three naming system
 File name cannot be more that 8 chrs
 Extension can be up to 3 chrs, OPTIONAL
 Following chrs cannot be used in
filename or extension:
– / [ ] | = + ; , * ? And division symbol
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8. 8
Windows naming rules
 All versions starting with Win 9x are not
limited be 8.3
 Filenames up to 255 chrs
 Win 9x has backward compatibility with
DOS by creating 2 names for every file,
8.3 name and a long file name if
necessary
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9. 9
File extensions
 Describes the type or function of the file
 COM = command, EXE = executable
 Anything that is not a program is a data file used
by a program
 Extension of a data file indicates which program
uses that data file
 .DOC = MSWord, .PPT = PowerPoint
 Graphic file extensions represent the graphic
standard used to create the image
 .JPEG =Joint Photographic Experts Group
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10. 10
File Formats
 All files stored on hard drive in binary format
 Every program is unique in the way it reads and
writes this binary data
 Each unique way of binary organization is known
as a file format
 One program cannot read another programs files
unless it can convert the other programs format
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11. 11
Drives and Folders
 To execute commands from the command
line, must focus the prompt at the specific
drive and folder that contains the files or
program with which you want to work
 At boot, Win assigns letters to drives and
drive partitions
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12. 12
Hierarchical Directory Tree
 All files are put in groups called folders
 Any file not in a folder within the tree is
said to be in the root directory
 A folder inside another folder is called a
subfolder
 Any folder can have multiple subfolders
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13. 13
Hierarchical Directory Tree
 Hard drive is represented by C:
 Root directory is indicated by , C:
 Subdirectories/Subfolders are indicated
by adding and the directory name
 Exact location of a file is known as its
PATH
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14. 14
Fundamental Commands
 ALL commands use similar structure and
execute in the same way
 Name of command , target of command
followed by any switches (extra numbers
or letters at the end)
 Typing the command followed /? Displays
help menu describing syntax and
possible switches
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15. 15
CD Command (Directories)
 Change focus of command prompt to a
different directory
 CD followed by directory name
 If directory does not exist, error message
– Invalid Directory
– The system cannot find the path specified
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16. 16
Create Folder
 To make a directory or Create new folder
 To make a directory called folder name
under root directory: C:>MD folder name
, press ENTER
 If command is successfully executed, the
command prompt will be displayed
 Use DIR to verify that directory was
created
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17. Create Files
 Create file using this command just type
copy con and file name. extension for eg
copy con kamran.txt
 type text you want to insert in a file for eg
 Welcome to gdec
 after you write your desire text then press
Ctrl +Z
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18. 18
Delete Files
 Use DEL command
 Careful! No recycle bin.
 Erased file can only be recovered using
Norton Unerase
 DEL kamran.txt
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19. Rename File
 ren command is used to rename of file
 For eg type ren filename . extension and
then type name that you want. Extension
 ren kamran.txt sohaib.txt
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20. Delete Folder/ Directories
 rmdir command use to delete Folder/
 If you want to remove all file in folder then
you type rmdir folder name s
 S stand for sub directories
 rmdir lahore
 If all file remove from folder then type
 rmdir lahores
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21. Hide Folder / File
 attrib +h then Folder / File name then press
enter
 For eg attrib +h gdec then press enter
 Then gdec folder are hidden no body can
view this folder
 attrib +h gdec
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22. UnHide Folder / File
 attrib -h then Folder / File name then press
enter
 For eg attrib -h gdec then press enter
 Then gdec folder unhide on your screen
every body can view this folder
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23. Clear Screen
 cls is used to clear screen
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24. Check Window Expire Date
 slmgr.vbs –xpr is used to check window
expire date
 Then pop up message appear then all
details are given about window expire
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25. Outside from Folder/ Directories
 You can change Directories path for eg if you
are working in folder you want to comeback
in desktop then type
 cd..
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26. Change Color of Cmd Text
 You can change the text color of cmd just
type color L and then press enter
 Then list of all color numbering is display you
just pick the desire color number
 Color 2 then all text in green color
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