Explain the operation of the command line interface
Execute fundamental commands from the command line interface
Manipulate files and folders from the command line
How does the Command Line Work?
This document discusses files and file systems. It defines a file as a named collection of related information stored on secondary storage. It describes various file attributes like the file name, size, type and location. It also discusses different file operations like creating, reading and deleting files. The document explains different file types and access methods like sequential, direct and indexed access. It provides details about the file allocation table (FAT) used by operating systems to manage files on storage drives. It describes the physical structure of floppy disks and hard disks, which are divided into a system area for file management data, and a large data area for storing files in clusters.
This document discusses disk operating systems and file systems. It defines a file as a named collection of related information stored on secondary storage. Files have attributes like name, size, type and location. The document describes file operations like creating, reading and deleting files. It explains different file types and structures. The document also discusses file allocation tables (FAT) which are used by operating systems to manage files and clusters on storage drives. It provides details on physical structures of floppy disks and hard disks, including system and data areas.
The document discusses the File Allocation Table (FAT) file system used in DOS and Windows operating systems. It describes the key components of a FAT file system including the boot sector, FAT tables, root directory, and data area. It also discusses how files are stored using clusters, how deleted files are handled, and concepts such as file slack and fragmentation that result from this storage method.
The document discusses the NTFS file system used in Windows. It describes how NTFS stores file and folder information in records called MFT entries. Each MFT entry contains metadata attributes that describe the file's name, size, location and other properties. For small files, the data is stored directly in the MFT entry, while larger files have their data stored elsewhere on disk with the MFT entry providing pointers to the data locations. The document also covers alternate data streams, compression, encryption with EFS and how files are deleted in NTFS.
The document discusses the Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) created by Microsoft. It provides information on booting, types of booting, DOS files and directory structure, common DOS commands, and popular versions of MS-DOS including versions 3, 4, 5 and 6. It summarizes key functions of DOS such as translating user commands, managing disk files and system resources, and controlling hardware devices.
The document discusses hard drive partitioning and file systems. It covers:
1) The master boot record (MBR) located in sector 0 that contains a partition table defining partitions on the drive. Hidden and extended partitions are possible by editing the MBR.
2) The structure of partition table entries in the MBR and an example showing how to decode the entries.
3) File allocation table (FAT) file systems, including the boot sector, BPB, FAT tables, root directory and clusters.
4) Features of FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32 like cluster size and FAT table entry sizes and meanings.
The document discusses internal commands in DOS. It defines internal commands as built-in commands that are loaded with the operating system into memory during booting and remain resident as long as the computer is on. It provides examples of common internal commands like DIR, COPY, DEL, TYPE, CD, MD, RD, and explains what each command does and provides sample syntax. The document also discusses conventions used in command descriptions and provides examples of using wildcards with commands.
Microsoft included a feature called Virtual DOS Machine (VDM) to allow users to run legacy DOS-based applications within Windows. The document then lists and describes various basic DOS commands that can be executed from the Windows command prompt, such as DIR to display files in a directory, MD to create a new folder, CD to open a folder, and DEL to delete a file. It provides details on over 30 common DOS commands for navigating, viewing, copying, moving, deleting, and managing files and folders from the command line interface.
This document discusses files and file systems. It defines a file as a named collection of related information stored on secondary storage. It describes various file attributes like the file name, size, type and location. It also discusses different file operations like creating, reading and deleting files. The document explains different file types and access methods like sequential, direct and indexed access. It provides details about the file allocation table (FAT) used by operating systems to manage files on storage drives. It describes the physical structure of floppy disks and hard disks, which are divided into a system area for file management data, and a large data area for storing files in clusters.
This document discusses disk operating systems and file systems. It defines a file as a named collection of related information stored on secondary storage. Files have attributes like name, size, type and location. The document describes file operations like creating, reading and deleting files. It explains different file types and structures. The document also discusses file allocation tables (FAT) which are used by operating systems to manage files and clusters on storage drives. It provides details on physical structures of floppy disks and hard disks, including system and data areas.
The document discusses the File Allocation Table (FAT) file system used in DOS and Windows operating systems. It describes the key components of a FAT file system including the boot sector, FAT tables, root directory, and data area. It also discusses how files are stored using clusters, how deleted files are handled, and concepts such as file slack and fragmentation that result from this storage method.
The document discusses the NTFS file system used in Windows. It describes how NTFS stores file and folder information in records called MFT entries. Each MFT entry contains metadata attributes that describe the file's name, size, location and other properties. For small files, the data is stored directly in the MFT entry, while larger files have their data stored elsewhere on disk with the MFT entry providing pointers to the data locations. The document also covers alternate data streams, compression, encryption with EFS and how files are deleted in NTFS.
The document discusses the Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) created by Microsoft. It provides information on booting, types of booting, DOS files and directory structure, common DOS commands, and popular versions of MS-DOS including versions 3, 4, 5 and 6. It summarizes key functions of DOS such as translating user commands, managing disk files and system resources, and controlling hardware devices.
The document discusses hard drive partitioning and file systems. It covers:
1) The master boot record (MBR) located in sector 0 that contains a partition table defining partitions on the drive. Hidden and extended partitions are possible by editing the MBR.
2) The structure of partition table entries in the MBR and an example showing how to decode the entries.
3) File allocation table (FAT) file systems, including the boot sector, BPB, FAT tables, root directory and clusters.
4) Features of FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32 like cluster size and FAT table entry sizes and meanings.
The document discusses internal commands in DOS. It defines internal commands as built-in commands that are loaded with the operating system into memory during booting and remain resident as long as the computer is on. It provides examples of common internal commands like DIR, COPY, DEL, TYPE, CD, MD, RD, and explains what each command does and provides sample syntax. The document also discusses conventions used in command descriptions and provides examples of using wildcards with commands.
Microsoft included a feature called Virtual DOS Machine (VDM) to allow users to run legacy DOS-based applications within Windows. The document then lists and describes various basic DOS commands that can be executed from the Windows command prompt, such as DIR to display files in a directory, MD to create a new folder, CD to open a folder, and DEL to delete a file. It provides details on over 30 common DOS commands for navigating, viewing, copying, moving, deleting, and managing files and folders from the command line interface.
This document provides information about the MS-DOS operating system, including its history, structure, files, commands, and more. It discusses that MS-DOS is a single-user, single-tasking operating system that uses a command line interface. It describes the system files used by MS-DOS like IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, and COMMAND.COM. It also summarizes the structure of MS-DOS including the operating system loader, BIOS, kernel, and user interface. Finally, it provides examples of various internal and external commands used in MS-DOS.
Ms dos commands for Multimedia Students and FacultyesSEO SKills
Computer Basics ppt for BMM Students.
for online training on
Web designing
Graphic Designing
Digital marketing
Please feel free to contact
https://www.seoskills.in
This document provides information about the MS-DOS operating system, including its introduction and various commands. It discusses internal commands like DIR, DATE, TIME, and COPY that are built into the command.com file. External commands like FORMAT, LABEL, and BACKUP are also covered, which require additional files to run. The roles of DOS include interpreting user commands via the keyboard to manage files, disks, hardware, memory, and program execution. Syntax examples are provided for many common commands.
Microsoft included a feature called Virtual DOS Machine (VDM) to allow users to run legacy DOS-based applications within Windows. The document then lists and describes various basic DOS commands that can be executed from the Windows command prompt, such as DIR to display files in a directory, MD to create a new folder, CD to open a folder, and DEL to delete a file. It provides details on over 30 common DOS commands for navigating, viewing, copying, moving, deleting, and managing files and folders from the command line interface.
In MS-Dos (Disk Operating System) There are two types of Basic dos commands they are internal dos commands and external dos commands which are used separately to perform specific task or operation. Internal dos commands are those commands which are included in command processor (command.com). Internal dos commands are built in command.com file and while the computer has been booted this file or commands are loaded in the computer memory and you can use this basic dos commands while computer is ON.
This document discusses disk structures and file handling. It describes different types of disks including floppy disks and hard disks. It explains disk structures such as tracks, sectors, cylinders and partitions. It also covers file allocation using file allocation tables, how DOS stores and reads files, file handles, errors and operations such as open, write, read, close and delete. File pointers are used to locate positions in a file.
The document discusses the booting process and operating system MS-DOS. It explains that booting loads the disk operating system and MS-DOS is a single-user command-line interface operating system. The document then covers key DOS commands like DIR, MD, CD, COPY, TYPE, REN, DEL. It describes commands to create, view, copy, rename and delete files and directories. The document also discusses internal commands, external commands, wildcards and commands like DATE, TIME, CLS to manage disks, files and get system information.
MS-DOS was first released in 1981 and updated until 1994 when it was replaced by Windows 95. All versions of Windows still contain some elements of DOS.
The basic structure of DOS commands uses the format "Command Source Destination /Switch". Commands include COPY, XCOPY, DIR, DEL, EDIT, MOVE, REN, MD, DELTREE, and TREE.
The DOS prompt displays the current directory. File names cannot be longer than 8 characters and extensions no more than 3 characters. Basic commands like CD, CD.., COPY, DIR, DEL allow navigating and managing files and folders.
MS-DOS was first released in 1981 and was the dominant operating system for personal computers until the mid-1990s. It provided basic file management and program execution capabilities through command line commands. Some key commands included DIR to list files, COPY to copy files, DEL to delete files, EDIT to edit text files, and CD to change directories. MS-DOS also supported wildcards, file attributes, path names, and other features to help users organize and manage files and folders through the command prompt.
The document provides information about various DOS commands. It discusses that MS-DOS uses a text-based command line interface with COMMAND.COM providing the user interface. It describes several common internal commands like DATE, TIME, COPY CON, TYPE, CLS, REN, DIR, PATH, VER, VOL, DEL/ERASE and COPY. It also discusses some external commands like EDIT and XCOPY. It provides details on the syntax and usage of these commands.
The document provides guidance on basic file management tasks like creating folders, renaming folders and files, deleting files, and dragging and dropping files between folders. It explains what a shared drive is and cautions users to be careful when using it since others can access and delete files. Instructions are given for each task with details like right clicking or using menu options to complete actions and notes on file naming conventions.
This document provides a crash course on the MS-DOS operating system and how to use basic MS-DOS commands within a DOS window or "DOS box" in modern versions of Windows. It explains that DOS was the original operating system for PCs and is still used to some extent today. The document lists and describes common DOS commands like DIR, COPY, REN, DEL, and EXIT that can be used to navigate directories, copy/move/rename files, delete files, and close the command prompt window. It includes examples of using each command and notes that command parameters can be in uppercase, lowercase, or mixed case.
The document discusses the FAT32 file system. It describes FAT32 as a file allocation table that stores files and locates them on a hard drive using 32-bit values instead of 16-bit like the original FAT. FAT32 supports larger volume sizes than FAT16 while maintaining compatibility. It is commonly used for removable drives and supports file sizes up to 4GB. The document also describes the volume boot record structure of a FAT32 system including fields like bytes per sector, sectors per cluster, and total number of sectors.
The document summarizes common internal commands in MS-DOS, including commands to display or change the date and time (DATE, TIME), clear the screen (CLS), view directory listings (DIR), create and change directories (MD, CD), manage files (COPY, TYPE, DELETE, RENAME), and view volume labels (LABEL, VOL). These commands are built into the command.com file and allow users to manage files, directories, and system settings from the command line.
A file system is used to control how data is stored and retrieved.
A filesystem is the methods and data structures that an operating system uses to keep track of files on a disk or partition; that is, the way the files are organized on the disk.
A file allocation table (FAT) is a table that an operating system maintains on a hard disk that provides a map of the clusters (the basic units of logical storage on a hard disk) that a file has been stored in.
File Allocation Table (FAT) is a computer file system architecture and a family of industry-standard file systems utilizing it. The FAT file system is a legacy file system which is simple and robust.
Today, FAT file systems are still commonly found on floppy disks, USB sticks, flash and other solid-state memory cards and modules, and many portable and embedded devices.
How to convert file system without data lossLisa Liao
1) The document discusses various methods for converting between file systems like FAT32 and NTFS without data loss.
2) It provides background on file systems and how files are located on FAT32 and NTFS partitions. Reasons for conversion include supporting large files, extending volume size, saving disk space, and improving compatibility or security.
3) Four methods for converting file systems on Windows are described: using Windows Explorer or Disk Management, the command prompt, or a third party tool like Partition Wizard.
The document discusses input/output (I/O) and file management in operating systems. It covers several key topics:
1) I/O devices are controlled by the OS and include input devices like keyboards and output devices like monitors. Files are managed through a logical, uniform view abstracted from physical storage properties.
2) A file is a collection of related information defined by its creator, such as programs, data, text, or formatted records. File management involves creation, deletion, mapping to storage, and backup.
3) The OS implements I/O buffering and caching to improve performance and address speed mismatches between devices. It also performs disk scheduling and structures file storage through directories, indexing,
This document provides an overview of the file system in Windows XP. It discusses the NTFS file system used in Windows XP and others it supports like FAT, FAT16, CDFS, and UDF. It describes hardware support and limitations of different file systems regarding hard disk size. The document also covers file naming conventions in Windows including the 8.3 format and newer 255 character names. It defines file extensions and their importance in associating files with the proper application to open them.
DBMS allows users to access and manage data through simple commands like SQL without worrying about how the data is physically stored. It handles data storage in files, databases, or other secondary storage. The document then discusses various file structures like sequential, indexed, and hash files that allow efficient data organization and retrieval. It also covers database concepts like schemas, transactions, integrity constraints, and different database models.
DOS (Disk Operating System) is an early operating system that launched in 1981. It was a command-line based system that controlled input/output and required users to type commands rather than use a graphical interface. Over time, versions of DOS were released through 1994. Common DOS files that should not be deleted included CONFIG.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, IO.SYS, and COMMAND.COM as they were needed for the operating system to function. DOS used basic commands like DIR, COPY, DEL, REN, FORMAT, and MD to manage files and directories without a mouse.
1. The document discusses fundamental DOS commands like DIR, FORMAT, COPY, PATH, LABEL, VOL, MD, CD, and DEL. It provides examples of how to use each command.
2. Rules for naming files in DOS are described, including allowed/prohibited characters and reserved words. File extensions help identify file types like .exe, .com, .bat, .bak, .bas, etc.
3. Operating systems like DOS, Windows, Linux, MacOS, and UNIX are introduced. MS-DOS is characterized as a disk-based, single-user, single-task OS with a character-based interface. Ways to access DOS commands from Windows
1. The document discusses fundamental DOS commands like DIR, FORMAT, COPY, PATH, LABEL, VOL, MD, CD, and DEL. It provides examples of how to use each command.
2. Rules for naming files in DOS are described, including allowed/prohibited characters and reserved words. File extensions help identify file types like .exe, .com, .bat, .bak, .bas, etc.
3. Operating systems like DOS, Windows, Linux, MacOS, and UNIX are introduced. MS-DOS is characterized as a disk-based, single-user, single-task OS with a character-based interface. Ways to access DOS commands from Windows
This document provides information about the MS-DOS operating system, including its history, structure, files, commands, and more. It discusses that MS-DOS is a single-user, single-tasking operating system that uses a command line interface. It describes the system files used by MS-DOS like IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, and COMMAND.COM. It also summarizes the structure of MS-DOS including the operating system loader, BIOS, kernel, and user interface. Finally, it provides examples of various internal and external commands used in MS-DOS.
Ms dos commands for Multimedia Students and FacultyesSEO SKills
Computer Basics ppt for BMM Students.
for online training on
Web designing
Graphic Designing
Digital marketing
Please feel free to contact
https://www.seoskills.in
This document provides information about the MS-DOS operating system, including its introduction and various commands. It discusses internal commands like DIR, DATE, TIME, and COPY that are built into the command.com file. External commands like FORMAT, LABEL, and BACKUP are also covered, which require additional files to run. The roles of DOS include interpreting user commands via the keyboard to manage files, disks, hardware, memory, and program execution. Syntax examples are provided for many common commands.
Microsoft included a feature called Virtual DOS Machine (VDM) to allow users to run legacy DOS-based applications within Windows. The document then lists and describes various basic DOS commands that can be executed from the Windows command prompt, such as DIR to display files in a directory, MD to create a new folder, CD to open a folder, and DEL to delete a file. It provides details on over 30 common DOS commands for navigating, viewing, copying, moving, deleting, and managing files and folders from the command line interface.
In MS-Dos (Disk Operating System) There are two types of Basic dos commands they are internal dos commands and external dos commands which are used separately to perform specific task or operation. Internal dos commands are those commands which are included in command processor (command.com). Internal dos commands are built in command.com file and while the computer has been booted this file or commands are loaded in the computer memory and you can use this basic dos commands while computer is ON.
This document discusses disk structures and file handling. It describes different types of disks including floppy disks and hard disks. It explains disk structures such as tracks, sectors, cylinders and partitions. It also covers file allocation using file allocation tables, how DOS stores and reads files, file handles, errors and operations such as open, write, read, close and delete. File pointers are used to locate positions in a file.
The document discusses the booting process and operating system MS-DOS. It explains that booting loads the disk operating system and MS-DOS is a single-user command-line interface operating system. The document then covers key DOS commands like DIR, MD, CD, COPY, TYPE, REN, DEL. It describes commands to create, view, copy, rename and delete files and directories. The document also discusses internal commands, external commands, wildcards and commands like DATE, TIME, CLS to manage disks, files and get system information.
MS-DOS was first released in 1981 and updated until 1994 when it was replaced by Windows 95. All versions of Windows still contain some elements of DOS.
The basic structure of DOS commands uses the format "Command Source Destination /Switch". Commands include COPY, XCOPY, DIR, DEL, EDIT, MOVE, REN, MD, DELTREE, and TREE.
The DOS prompt displays the current directory. File names cannot be longer than 8 characters and extensions no more than 3 characters. Basic commands like CD, CD.., COPY, DIR, DEL allow navigating and managing files and folders.
MS-DOS was first released in 1981 and was the dominant operating system for personal computers until the mid-1990s. It provided basic file management and program execution capabilities through command line commands. Some key commands included DIR to list files, COPY to copy files, DEL to delete files, EDIT to edit text files, and CD to change directories. MS-DOS also supported wildcards, file attributes, path names, and other features to help users organize and manage files and folders through the command prompt.
The document provides information about various DOS commands. It discusses that MS-DOS uses a text-based command line interface with COMMAND.COM providing the user interface. It describes several common internal commands like DATE, TIME, COPY CON, TYPE, CLS, REN, DIR, PATH, VER, VOL, DEL/ERASE and COPY. It also discusses some external commands like EDIT and XCOPY. It provides details on the syntax and usage of these commands.
The document provides guidance on basic file management tasks like creating folders, renaming folders and files, deleting files, and dragging and dropping files between folders. It explains what a shared drive is and cautions users to be careful when using it since others can access and delete files. Instructions are given for each task with details like right clicking or using menu options to complete actions and notes on file naming conventions.
This document provides a crash course on the MS-DOS operating system and how to use basic MS-DOS commands within a DOS window or "DOS box" in modern versions of Windows. It explains that DOS was the original operating system for PCs and is still used to some extent today. The document lists and describes common DOS commands like DIR, COPY, REN, DEL, and EXIT that can be used to navigate directories, copy/move/rename files, delete files, and close the command prompt window. It includes examples of using each command and notes that command parameters can be in uppercase, lowercase, or mixed case.
The document discusses the FAT32 file system. It describes FAT32 as a file allocation table that stores files and locates them on a hard drive using 32-bit values instead of 16-bit like the original FAT. FAT32 supports larger volume sizes than FAT16 while maintaining compatibility. It is commonly used for removable drives and supports file sizes up to 4GB. The document also describes the volume boot record structure of a FAT32 system including fields like bytes per sector, sectors per cluster, and total number of sectors.
The document summarizes common internal commands in MS-DOS, including commands to display or change the date and time (DATE, TIME), clear the screen (CLS), view directory listings (DIR), create and change directories (MD, CD), manage files (COPY, TYPE, DELETE, RENAME), and view volume labels (LABEL, VOL). These commands are built into the command.com file and allow users to manage files, directories, and system settings from the command line.
A file system is used to control how data is stored and retrieved.
A filesystem is the methods and data structures that an operating system uses to keep track of files on a disk or partition; that is, the way the files are organized on the disk.
A file allocation table (FAT) is a table that an operating system maintains on a hard disk that provides a map of the clusters (the basic units of logical storage on a hard disk) that a file has been stored in.
File Allocation Table (FAT) is a computer file system architecture and a family of industry-standard file systems utilizing it. The FAT file system is a legacy file system which is simple and robust.
Today, FAT file systems are still commonly found on floppy disks, USB sticks, flash and other solid-state memory cards and modules, and many portable and embedded devices.
How to convert file system without data lossLisa Liao
1) The document discusses various methods for converting between file systems like FAT32 and NTFS without data loss.
2) It provides background on file systems and how files are located on FAT32 and NTFS partitions. Reasons for conversion include supporting large files, extending volume size, saving disk space, and improving compatibility or security.
3) Four methods for converting file systems on Windows are described: using Windows Explorer or Disk Management, the command prompt, or a third party tool like Partition Wizard.
The document discusses input/output (I/O) and file management in operating systems. It covers several key topics:
1) I/O devices are controlled by the OS and include input devices like keyboards and output devices like monitors. Files are managed through a logical, uniform view abstracted from physical storage properties.
2) A file is a collection of related information defined by its creator, such as programs, data, text, or formatted records. File management involves creation, deletion, mapping to storage, and backup.
3) The OS implements I/O buffering and caching to improve performance and address speed mismatches between devices. It also performs disk scheduling and structures file storage through directories, indexing,
This document provides an overview of the file system in Windows XP. It discusses the NTFS file system used in Windows XP and others it supports like FAT, FAT16, CDFS, and UDF. It describes hardware support and limitations of different file systems regarding hard disk size. The document also covers file naming conventions in Windows including the 8.3 format and newer 255 character names. It defines file extensions and their importance in associating files with the proper application to open them.
DBMS allows users to access and manage data through simple commands like SQL without worrying about how the data is physically stored. It handles data storage in files, databases, or other secondary storage. The document then discusses various file structures like sequential, indexed, and hash files that allow efficient data organization and retrieval. It also covers database concepts like schemas, transactions, integrity constraints, and different database models.
DOS (Disk Operating System) is an early operating system that launched in 1981. It was a command-line based system that controlled input/output and required users to type commands rather than use a graphical interface. Over time, versions of DOS were released through 1994. Common DOS files that should not be deleted included CONFIG.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, IO.SYS, and COMMAND.COM as they were needed for the operating system to function. DOS used basic commands like DIR, COPY, DEL, REN, FORMAT, and MD to manage files and directories without a mouse.
1. The document discusses fundamental DOS commands like DIR, FORMAT, COPY, PATH, LABEL, VOL, MD, CD, and DEL. It provides examples of how to use each command.
2. Rules for naming files in DOS are described, including allowed/prohibited characters and reserved words. File extensions help identify file types like .exe, .com, .bat, .bak, .bas, etc.
3. Operating systems like DOS, Windows, Linux, MacOS, and UNIX are introduced. MS-DOS is characterized as a disk-based, single-user, single-task OS with a character-based interface. Ways to access DOS commands from Windows
1. The document discusses fundamental DOS commands like DIR, FORMAT, COPY, PATH, LABEL, VOL, MD, CD, and DEL. It provides examples of how to use each command.
2. Rules for naming files in DOS are described, including allowed/prohibited characters and reserved words. File extensions help identify file types like .exe, .com, .bat, .bak, .bas, etc.
3. Operating systems like DOS, Windows, Linux, MacOS, and UNIX are introduced. MS-DOS is characterized as a disk-based, single-user, single-task OS with a character-based interface. Ways to access DOS commands from Windows
MS-DOS is a command-line interface operating system developed by Microsoft that provides users with a command prompt to run programs and interact with the operating system. It allows users to run applications like MS Word and provides an environment to execute various programs through commands typed at the prompt. Common commands in MS-DOS include DIR to list directories, COPY to copy files, DEL to delete files, and CD to change directories.
MS-DOS files have a primary name with a maximum of 8 characters and an extension with a maximum of 3 characters separated by a period. MS-DOS is a non-graphical, command-driven operating system that loads files IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, and COMMAND.COM from the boot disk or hard drive to provide an interface between the hardware and application programs. DOS commands include internal commands permanently loaded in memory like DIR, DATE, TIME as well as external commands requiring files like EDIT, BACKUP, RESTORE for more complex tasks.
MS-DOS files have a primary name with a maximum of 8 characters and an extension with a maximum of 3 characters separated by a period. MS-DOS is a non-graphical, command-driven operating system that loads files IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, and COMMAND.COM from the boot disk or hard drive to provide an interface between hardware and programs and manage system resources. DOS commands include internal commands permanently loaded in memory like DIR, DATE, TIME as well as external commands requiring files like EDIT, BACKUP that perform more complex tasks.
This document provides an overview of common DOS commands and their usage. It explains that commands are instructions used to perform specific tasks and are interpreted by the operating system. It distinguishes between internal commands that are pre-loaded and external commands located on disks. It also defines important concepts like files, directories, root directory and current directory. Finally, it describes commands for listing files, creating/deleting directories, copying/moving files, checking disk properties and more.
This document contains summaries of 27 MS-DOS commands, including:
1. DIR - Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.
2. CLS - Clears the screen.
3. CD - Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
Some additional commands summarized include COPY, XCOPY, DEL, DATE, VER, TYPE, EDIT, DOSKEY, WIN, EXIT, TIME, DELTREE, MOVE, ATTRIB, SCANDISK, COMMAND, CHOICE, CHKDSK, DISKCOPY, DEBUG, and FDISK. The document provides brief descriptions and examples of how to use each command.
This document contains summaries of 27 MS-DOS commands, including:
1. DIR - Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.
2. CLS - Clears the screen.
3. CD - Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
Some additional commands summarized include COPY, XCOPY, DEL, DATE, VER, TYPE, EDIT, DOSKEY, WIN, EXIT, TIME, DELTREE, MOVE, ATTRIB, SCANDISK, COMMAND, CHOICE, CHKDSK, DISKCOPY, DEBUG, and FDISK. The document provides brief descriptions and examples of how to use each command.
PC Software - Computer Application - Office Automation Toolszatax
The document provides an index and overview of commands and functions for Microsoft DOS and Windows. It includes sections on basic DOS commands, the concept of Windows, creating folders and files, word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, and using the internet. Examples are provided for various DOS commands like DIR, MD, RD, CD, COPY, DEL, REN, and TYPE. Internal and external DOS commands are also categorized in a table.
The document discusses the Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) created by Microsoft. It provides information on booting, the types of booting (warm and cold), and describes MS-DOS files and functions. MS-DOS is a single-user, single-task operating system that manages disks, allocates resources, and provides device control. It discusses DOS files, directory structure, important commands like DIR, COPY, TYPE and functions like path specification to access files on drives and directories.
There are two types of DOS commands: internal commands that are preloaded and external commands that must be loaded from disk. Some common commands are DIR to list files, CD to change directories, COPY to copy files, DEL to delete files, TYPE to view files, and FORMAT to prepare disks. External commands include XCOPY to copy including subdirectories, TREE to view the directory structure, and DISKCOPY to copy an entire disk.
A DOS, or disk operating system, is an operating system that runs from a disk drive. The term can also refer to a particular family of disk operating ...
DOS is a family of disk-based operating systems for IBM PC compatible computers. The DOS family primarily consists of Microsoft's MS-DOS and a rebranded ...
This tutorial teaches basic MS-DOS commands such as viewing and changing directories, creating and deleting directories, copying, renaming and deleting files, and changing drives. It provides step-by-step instructions on how to use commands like DIR, CD, MD, RD, COPY, REN, DEL to manage files and directories from the command prompt. The tutorial also explains important concepts like current drive and directory, root directory, subdirectories, and using wildcards in file operations.
The document discusses various DOS commands used to manage files and directories in MS-DOS. It describes internal commands that are preloaded and external commands stored on disks. Some key commands covered include DIR to list files, MD to create directories, CD to change directories, COPY to copy files, DEL to delete files, and FORMAT to format disks.
The document discusses various DOS commands used to manage files and directories in MS-DOS. It describes internal commands that are preloaded and external commands stored on disks. Some key commands covered include DIR to list files, MD to create directories, CD to change directories, COPY to copy files, DEL to delete files, and FORMAT to format disks.
The resume provides details of Monika Sharma, a 20-year-old student currently pursuing a B.Com(H) degree from ICG - The IIS University, who has achieved academic and extracurricular success in school including being head girl and an accountancy topper, and seeks a challenging position to effectively contribute her skills and talents.
This document provides a tutorial on basic MS-DOS commands. It teaches how to view directory contents, change directories, create and delete directories, change drives, and more. The tutorial uses examples and step-by-step instructions to demonstrate each command and feature in a hands-on way to help the reader learn how to navigate, organize, and manage files and folders using MS-DOS.
This document provides information on various DOS commands used to manage files and directories from within the DOS operating system. It describes internal and external commands, and basic file system terms like files, directories, and paths. It also outlines commands for creating, deleting, copying, moving, and viewing files, as well as commands for managing directories, drives, and settings like date, time, and version information.
computer programming,Low Level Language ,Machine Language
Assembly Language
High Level Language /Procedural Languages,C++ && C#,Web Page Development,XHTML (extensible HTML),JavaScript && PHP && VBScript,Dynamic HTML Dynamic HTML (DHTML)Dynamic HTML Dynamic HTML (DHTML),Algorithm,sourc code , object code
The document summarizes the OSI reference model, which breaks down network communication tasks into seven layers. Each layer has specific responsibilities and provides services to the layer above it. When data moves from one host to another, it passes through each layer of the OSI model and is encapsulated with different headers at each level, being called a data stream, segment, frame, and finally packet at the physical layer for transmission. The model provides a standardized framework for designing, comparing, and evaluating network communication protocols.
Memory Management
Swapping
Fragmentation
Types of Fragmentation
Paging
Demand Paging
Segmentation
Virtual Memory
Von Neumann Architecture
overlay
Process and Thread
Process Synchronization
Deadlock
CPU Scheduling
process scheduling
Memory Management
Swapping
Fragmentation
Types of Fragmentation
Paging
Demand Paging
Segmentation
Virtual Memory
Von Neumann Architecture
overlay
Process and Thread
Process Synchronization
Deadlock
CPU Scheduling
process scheduling
The document discusses information systems and the system development life cycle (SDLC). It begins by defining an information system and its components. It then discusses different types of information systems like transaction processing systems and management information systems. It also covers the role of database management systems in information systems. The document then explains the SDLC in detail through its various phases like planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation and maintenance. It notes the benefits of using the SDLC approach. Finally, it discusses the program development life cycle (PDLC) and its key steps of problem clarification, program design, coding, testing and documentation.
Ch # 10 computer security risks and safe guardsMuhammadRobeel3
IT security, hackers,IT security and risks and safe guards, password, how to create password, bio-metric authentication , virus , antivirus software ,how to safe a devices from virus.types of viruses
Ch # 08 communication devices, network typologies , network protocolMuhammadRobeel3
The document provides an overview of computer networks, including definitions, types, devices, and topologies. It defines a computer network as consisting of two or more connected computers that share information and resources. The main types of networks discussed are personal area networks (PAN), local area networks (LAN), campus area networks (CAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), and wide area networks (WAN). Communication devices like modems, routers, hubs, and switches are explained. Finally, the common network topologies of bus, star, ring, and mesh are defined along with their advantages and disadvantages.
The document discusses input and output devices used in computing. It describes common input devices like the keyboard, mouse, scanner, digital camera, and webcam that allow data and instructions to enter the computer. Output devices covered include the monitor for visual output, printers for hard copies, and speakers for audio output. The document provides details on how different types of printers and projectors work to display output.
computer hardware,
Internal Hardware
Processor (CPU)
Motherboard
RAM
Hard Disk Drive
Sound Card
Video Card
Network Card
Power Supply
External Hardware
Monitor or LCD
Keyboard
Mouse
Printer
Scanner
USB Drive
Internal Hardware
Processor (CPU)
Motherboard
RAM
Hard Disk Drive
Sound Card
Video Card
Network Card
Power Supply
External Hardware
Monitor or LCD
Keyboard
Mouse
Printer
Scanner
USB Drive
The document discusses different types of software. It defines software as a set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. There are two main types of software: system software and application software. System software serves as the interface between the user, application software, and computer hardware. Application software includes programs for tasks like word processing, spreadsheets, databases, project management, and entertainment. Examples of specific application software discussed include Microsoft Word, Excel, Access, and various personal information manager and project management programs.
internet , how to connect with internet, world wide web ,different types of websites, what is E-Commerce , how many browser , internet advantage and dis advantage , social networking
The document provides an overview of computers, including what they are, their components, and uses. It discusses how computers accept data as input, process it, and provide output. Examples are given of how data is converted into useful information. The advantages of computers like speed, accuracy, storage capacity are outlined. Potential disadvantages involving dependency, lack of feelings, and privacy and job issues are also noted. Different generations of computers and types like personal, mobile, servers and more are defined. Finally, the document discusses computer networks and the internet in detail.
The document describes the program development life cycle (PDLC), which is a six-step process for developing computer programs: 1) analyze the problem, 2) design the solution, 3) code the program, 4) test the program, 5) formalize the solution, and 6) maintain the program. The PDLC involves analyzing requirements, designing the program structure and logic, implementing the program, testing it for errors, documenting the solution, and maintaining the working program.
The document provides an introduction to computers including definitions of key concepts. It discusses what a computer is, how it processes data into information, and its main functions. It also outlines some advantages like speed, accuracy, storage capacity, and consistency. Potential disadvantages are discussed as well, such as lack of intelligence, dependency on users, and privacy/safety issues. The document then covers computer generations, networks, the internet, software, and different types of computers including analog, digital, and hybrid systems.
The document discusses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) which is a framework for software development projects. It describes the typical phases of an SDLC process: planning and requirements analysis, defining requirements, designing the software, building/developing the software, testing the software, and deployment and maintenance. The SDLC aims to produce high quality software that meets expectations on time and budget. Key advantages of following an SDLC include increased development speed, improved product quality, better tracking/control, improved client relations, decreased project risk, and lower project management overhead.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
2. 2
Lecture Objectives
Explain the operation of the command line
interface
Execute fundamental commands from the
command line interface
Manipulate files and folders from the
command line
3. 3
How does the Command Line Work?
Similar to Instant Message conversation with
computer
The prompt indicates that the computer is
ready to receive a command
Command is typed and ENTER is pressed
PC executes command
Prompt is displayed, indicating that the
computer is waiting for the next command
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4. 4
Accessing the Command Line
Run dialog box
Start menu under Programs | Accessories
– Win 9x/Me link is named MS-DOS prompt
– Win NT, 2000, XP link is called Command Prompt
To close command line interface
– Type Exit at command line and press enter
– Close the window
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5. 5
Command Prompt
VERY IMPORTANT:
The command prompt is always focused on a specific
folder.
Any commands executed are performed on the files in the
folder on which the prompt is focused.
Examples: C:> root directory of C: drive
C:DiplomaAPLUS>
You must focus the prompt on the drive and folder where
you want to work
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6. 6
Filenames and File Formats
In Windows, each program and piece of
data is stored as an individual file
Each file has a name, stored with the file
on the drive
Names have 2 parts: filename and
extension
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7. 7
Eight-dot-Three naming system
File name cannot be more that 8 chrs
Extension can be up to 3 chrs, OPTIONAL
Following chrs cannot be used in
filename or extension:
– / [ ] | = + ; , * ? And division symbol
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8. 8
Windows naming rules
All versions starting with Win 9x are not
limited be 8.3
Filenames up to 255 chrs
Win 9x has backward compatibility with
DOS by creating 2 names for every file,
8.3 name and a long file name if
necessary
3/9/2020
9. 9
File extensions
Describes the type or function of the file
COM = command, EXE = executable
Anything that is not a program is a data file used
by a program
Extension of a data file indicates which program
uses that data file
.DOC = MSWord, .PPT = PowerPoint
Graphic file extensions represent the graphic
standard used to create the image
.JPEG =Joint Photographic Experts Group
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10. 10
File Formats
All files stored on hard drive in binary format
Every program is unique in the way it reads and
writes this binary data
Each unique way of binary organization is known
as a file format
One program cannot read another programs files
unless it can convert the other programs format
3/9/2020
11. 11
Drives and Folders
To execute commands from the command
line, must focus the prompt at the specific
drive and folder that contains the files or
program with which you want to work
At boot, Win assigns letters to drives and
drive partitions
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12. 12
Hierarchical Directory Tree
All files are put in groups called folders
Any file not in a folder within the tree is
said to be in the root directory
A folder inside another folder is called a
subfolder
Any folder can have multiple subfolders
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13. 13
Hierarchical Directory Tree
Hard drive is represented by C:
Root directory is indicated by , C:
Subdirectories/Subfolders are indicated
by adding and the directory name
Exact location of a file is known as its
PATH
3/9/2020
14. 14
Fundamental Commands
ALL commands use similar structure and
execute in the same way
Name of command , target of command
followed by any switches (extra numbers
or letters at the end)
Typing the command followed /? Displays
help menu describing syntax and
possible switches
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15. 15
CD Command (Directories)
Change focus of command prompt to a
different directory
CD followed by directory name
If directory does not exist, error message
– Invalid Directory
– The system cannot find the path specified
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16. 16
Create Folder
To make a directory or Create new folder
To make a directory called folder name
under root directory: C:>MD folder name
, press ENTER
If command is successfully executed, the
command prompt will be displayed
Use DIR to verify that directory was
created
3/9/2020
17. Create Files
Create file using this command just type
copy con and file name. extension for eg
copy con kamran.txt
type text you want to insert in a file for eg
Welcome to gdec
after you write your desire text then press
Ctrl +Z
17 3/9/2020
18. 18
Delete Files
Use DEL command
Careful! No recycle bin.
Erased file can only be recovered using
Norton Unerase
DEL kamran.txt
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19. Rename File
ren command is used to rename of file
For eg type ren filename . extension and
then type name that you want. Extension
ren kamran.txt sohaib.txt
19 3/9/2020
20. Delete Folder/ Directories
rmdir command use to delete Folder/
If you want to remove all file in folder then
you type rmdir folder name s
S stand for sub directories
rmdir lahore
If all file remove from folder then type
rmdir lahores
20 3/9/2020
21. Hide Folder / File
attrib +h then Folder / File name then press
enter
For eg attrib +h gdec then press enter
Then gdec folder are hidden no body can
view this folder
attrib +h gdec
21 3/9/2020
22. UnHide Folder / File
attrib -h then Folder / File name then press
enter
For eg attrib -h gdec then press enter
Then gdec folder unhide on your screen
every body can view this folder
22 3/9/2020
24. Check Window Expire Date
slmgr.vbs –xpr is used to check window
expire date
Then pop up message appear then all
details are given about window expire
24 3/9/2020
25. Outside from Folder/ Directories
You can change Directories path for eg if you
are working in folder you want to comeback
in desktop then type
cd..
25 3/9/2020
26. Change Color of Cmd Text
You can change the text color of cmd just
type color L and then press enter
Then list of all color numbering is display you
just pick the desire color number
Color 2 then all text in green color
26 3/9/2020