Osi model
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•11 views
The document summarizes the OSI reference model, which breaks down network communication tasks into seven layers. Each layer has specific responsibilities and provides services to the layer above it. When data moves from one host to another, it passes through each layer of the OSI model and is encapsulated with different headers at each level, being called a data stream, segment, frame, and finally packet at the physical layer for transmission. The model provides a standardized framework for designing, comparing, and evaluating network communication protocols.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Modelo osi
The OSI 7 layer model is a conceptual framework developed by ISO in 1984 to standardize network communication. It divides communication tasks into 7 layers, with layers 7-4 dealing with end-to-end communication and layers 3-1 dealing with network device communication. The 7 layers can also be divided into upper layers (7-5) which deal with application issues in software, and lower layers (4-1) which deal with data transport and are implemented with both hardware and software.
Introduction to OSI MODEL
The document discusses the OSI model, which is a conceptual framework for how data is communicated across a network. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model from physical to application layer. The physical layer defines how data is transmitted over a physical medium. The higher layers include the data link layer, which controls data flow, the network layer, which determines the logical path for data transfer, and the application layer, which enables users to access the network. The OSI model standardizes network communication and decreases communication gaps between different devices.
Lecture5-6-7.pdf
The document summarizes the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite. It describes the 7 layers of the OSI model and the functions of each layer. It also discusses the TCP/IP protocol suite and how it maps to the OSI model, having 5 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, and application. It compares the OSI and TCP/IP models, noting they have a similar functionality but the TCP/IP model was devised based on existing protocols rather than defining protocols based on the model.
Modelo osi
The OSI 7 layer model is a conceptual framework developed by ISO in 1984 to standardize network communication. It divides communication tasks into 7 layers, with layers 7-4 dealing with end-to-end communication and layers 3-1 dealing with network device communication. The 7 layers can also be divided into upper layers (7-5) which deal with application issues in software, and lower layers (4-1) which deal with data transport and are implemented with both hardware and software.
Network standards & protocols
The document discusses the OSI model, which is a standard framework for network communication. It has 7 layers: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. Each layer has a specific role, with the lower layers focusing on physical connectivity and higher layers dealing with software interactions. The layered model allows for modularity and troubleshooting individual layers.
IP_Subnet training.pptx
The document discusses the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which is an abstract description for network architecture and protocol design. It divides network architecture into seven layers from top to bottom - Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical. The International Organization for Standardization began developing the OSI framework in 1978 to provide an open architecture for communication between systems.
1. Answer the following questions about OSI modela.At which layer.pdf
1. Answer the following questions about OSI model:
a.At which layer of the OSI reference model, routers operate?
b. At which level of the OSI model, bits are packaged into frames?
c. List the layers of the OSI model from top to down.
d. Mark those from the following list that operate at the presentation layer?
i.MIDI
ii.FTP
iii.SMTP
iv.TFTP
v.JPEG
e. List the two protocols at the Transport Layer.
f. What is the difference between logical and physical address? Do your research (do not copy
your answer). Which type of address is used in the network layer of the OSI model?
g. Which OSI layer implements IP?
2. Answer the following questions about Router:
a. What is a router?
b. How many types are routers are available to use? Name them.
c. Explain how a router works?
d. How many interfaces can be assigned to a router?
3. Describe the components of address classes A~E of TCP/IP addresses. Also explain
mathematically how many maximum network and hosts per network can be addressed by these
classes.
4. Answer the following questions:
a. what is the difference between IP address and MAC address?
b. What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6? Why IPv6 was introduced? Show an example
of each and explain how they are represented mathematically.
Solution
1) a) At what level of OSI the routers operates : The routers operates at the third layer of the
model which is Network Control Layer, where a router examines the packets\' data structure and
determine whether to forward or not.
b) At which level of the OSI model, bits are packaged into frames : Bits are packaged into
frames at data link layer, which setups the links accross the physicsl network.
c) Layers of OSI model : The seven layers of OSI are Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network
Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer, Application Layer.
Application Layer : At this layer communication partners are identified where we see some one
to talk to.
Presentation Layer : This is basically part of Operation System where incoming and outgoing
data are changed from one format to another.
Session Layer: This layer basically handles session and conversations/communications where
services include authentication and reconnecting service after interruption.
Transport Layer : This layer manages packetiztion of data, delievery of those packets, checking
for error.
Network Layer : This part is responsible for handling addressing and routing of packets.
Data Link Layer : This setup links between physical networks putting packets into frames.
Physical Layer : This layer communicates, conveys bit stream through network.
d) The protocols that work on transport layer are UDP(User DataGram Protocol),
TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)
e) Logical Address : In terms of memory logical address is the location where an item resides
with the perspective of executing program.
Physical Address : Its the actual address or location residing in memory which is defined in
binary form.
g) The Network Layer impleme.
Networking overview
An internetwork is a collection of individual networks connected by networking devices that functions as a single large network. The OSI reference model describes how information moves between networked computers in seven layers, with the physical layer dealing with physical connections and the application layer closest to end users. Protocols implement the functions of OSI layers to enable actual communication between systems.
Recommended
Modelo osi
The OSI 7 layer model is a conceptual framework developed by ISO in 1984 to standardize network communication. It divides communication tasks into 7 layers, with layers 7-4 dealing with end-to-end communication and layers 3-1 dealing with network device communication. The 7 layers can also be divided into upper layers (7-5) which deal with application issues in software, and lower layers (4-1) which deal with data transport and are implemented with both hardware and software.
Introduction to OSI MODEL
The document discusses the OSI model, which is a conceptual framework for how data is communicated across a network. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model from physical to application layer. The physical layer defines how data is transmitted over a physical medium. The higher layers include the data link layer, which controls data flow, the network layer, which determines the logical path for data transfer, and the application layer, which enables users to access the network. The OSI model standardizes network communication and decreases communication gaps between different devices.
Lecture5-6-7.pdf
The document summarizes the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite. It describes the 7 layers of the OSI model and the functions of each layer. It also discusses the TCP/IP protocol suite and how it maps to the OSI model, having 5 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, and application. It compares the OSI and TCP/IP models, noting they have a similar functionality but the TCP/IP model was devised based on existing protocols rather than defining protocols based on the model.
Modelo osi
The OSI 7 layer model is a conceptual framework developed by ISO in 1984 to standardize network communication. It divides communication tasks into 7 layers, with layers 7-4 dealing with end-to-end communication and layers 3-1 dealing with network device communication. The 7 layers can also be divided into upper layers (7-5) which deal with application issues in software, and lower layers (4-1) which deal with data transport and are implemented with both hardware and software.
Network standards & protocols
The document discusses the OSI model, which is a standard framework for network communication. It has 7 layers: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. Each layer has a specific role, with the lower layers focusing on physical connectivity and higher layers dealing with software interactions. The layered model allows for modularity and troubleshooting individual layers.
IP_Subnet training.pptx
The document discusses the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which is an abstract description for network architecture and protocol design. It divides network architecture into seven layers from top to bottom - Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical. The International Organization for Standardization began developing the OSI framework in 1978 to provide an open architecture for communication between systems.
1. Answer the following questions about OSI modela.At which layer.pdf
1. Answer the following questions about OSI model:
a.At which layer of the OSI reference model, routers operate?
b. At which level of the OSI model, bits are packaged into frames?
c. List the layers of the OSI model from top to down.
d. Mark those from the following list that operate at the presentation layer?
i.MIDI
ii.FTP
iii.SMTP
iv.TFTP
v.JPEG
e. List the two protocols at the Transport Layer.
f. What is the difference between logical and physical address? Do your research (do not copy
your answer). Which type of address is used in the network layer of the OSI model?
g. Which OSI layer implements IP?
2. Answer the following questions about Router:
a. What is a router?
b. How many types are routers are available to use? Name them.
c. Explain how a router works?
d. How many interfaces can be assigned to a router?
3. Describe the components of address classes A~E of TCP/IP addresses. Also explain
mathematically how many maximum network and hosts per network can be addressed by these
classes.
4. Answer the following questions:
a. what is the difference between IP address and MAC address?
b. What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6? Why IPv6 was introduced? Show an example
of each and explain how they are represented mathematically.
Solution
1) a) At what level of OSI the routers operates : The routers operates at the third layer of the
model which is Network Control Layer, where a router examines the packets\' data structure and
determine whether to forward or not.
b) At which level of the OSI model, bits are packaged into frames : Bits are packaged into
frames at data link layer, which setups the links accross the physicsl network.
c) Layers of OSI model : The seven layers of OSI are Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network
Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer, Application Layer.
Application Layer : At this layer communication partners are identified where we see some one
to talk to.
Presentation Layer : This is basically part of Operation System where incoming and outgoing
data are changed from one format to another.
Session Layer: This layer basically handles session and conversations/communications where
services include authentication and reconnecting service after interruption.
Transport Layer : This layer manages packetiztion of data, delievery of those packets, checking
for error.
Network Layer : This part is responsible for handling addressing and routing of packets.
Data Link Layer : This setup links between physical networks putting packets into frames.
Physical Layer : This layer communicates, conveys bit stream through network.
d) The protocols that work on transport layer are UDP(User DataGram Protocol),
TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)
e) Logical Address : In terms of memory logical address is the location where an item resides
with the perspective of executing program.
Physical Address : Its the actual address or location residing in memory which is defined in
binary form.
g) The Network Layer impleme.
Networking overview
An internetwork is a collection of individual networks connected by networking devices that functions as a single large network. The OSI reference model describes how information moves between networked computers in seven layers, with the physical layer dealing with physical connections and the application layer closest to end users. Protocols implement the functions of OSI layers to enable actual communication between systems.
Topic 2.1 network communication using osi model part1
The document discusses the seven-layer OSI model, which provides standards for how network operating systems communicate. It defines each of the seven layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application - and their functions in transmitting data packets from one host to another. The physical layer transmits raw bits, while each higher layer performs more complex functions like error checking, routing, and data formatting until the data reaches the application layer.
From Linked Data to Semantic Applications
The document discusses the vision of the Semantic Web and how it has evolved since 2001. It describes how Linked Data has helped address earlier issues with consistency and scalability by providing a structured data representation at web scale. It also discusses how natural language processing, information retrieval, and distributional semantics can help bridge the gap between structured Linked Data and flexible natural language by semantically matching queries to knowledge graphs. The document concludes by outlining semantic application patterns that can be used to build intelligent systems by maximizing knowledge, allowing dynamic databases, and incorporating user feedback.
1- What is the difference between OSI and TCP-IP layered models-Soluti.docx
1. What is the difference between OSI and TCP/IP layered models?
Solution
1. OSI which stands for Open Systems Interconnection is a conceptual model which define standards on how two systems can communicate on a network.
TCP/IP which stands for  Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) is protocol suite which defines different protocols for communication between two systems on the internet.
3. OSI model has 7 layers which include
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Later
Physical Layer
3. TCP.IP has 4 layers
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Internet Layer
Link Layer or
.
ISOC Panel at IETF 90 - Internet Security and Privacy: Ten years later
ISOC Panel at IETF 90 - Internet Security and Privacy: Ten years laterInternet Technology Matters (Internet Society)
This document summarizes a panel discussion on internet security and privacy ten years in the future. The panel will discuss key threats and elements that may shape security and privacy over the next decade. They will consider how approaches to security and privacy may need to change as internet technologies evolve. The panel will also explore new approaches like information-centric networking and homomorphic encryption that could potentially solve future problems. Finally, the discussion will address whether security and privacy will become more antagonistic, requiring harder trade-offs, or more cooperative over time to allow more comprehensive solutions.Network OSI-Model.ppt
It was developed by ISO – ‘International Organization for Standardization’, in the year 1984. It is a 7-layer architecture with each layer having specific functionality to perform. All these 7 layers work collaboratively to transmit the data from one person to another across the globe. The OSI model, created in 1984 by ISO, is a reference framework that explains the process of transmitting data between computers. Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Session Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
Networking Concepts.pptx
The document discusses the OSI model and its layers. It explains that the OSI model divides networking into 7 abstract layers, with each layer having a specific function. It then describes the functions of each layer, including the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. The physical layer deals with physical connections. The data link layer ensures error-free transmission. The network layer handles routing and IP addressing. The transport layer provides end-to-end delivery and error checking. The session layer establishes connections and handles security. The presentation layer translates data formats. And the application layer allows access to network services.
Network Layered Models Rroosend
The document discusses layered network models, including the OSI model and TCP/IP model.
The OSI model has 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layer. The TCP/IP model has 4 layers that roughly correspond to the application, transport, internet, and network interface layers of the OSI model.
Layered models make networking easier to understand and implement by separating networking functions into different layers with well-defined responsibilities. This allows individual layers and protocols to be improved or replaced without affecting the other layers.
Semantic Interoperability - grafi della conoscenza
This document summarizes Giorgia Lodi's presentation on meaningful data and semantic interoperability in the Italian public sector. Lodi discusses issues with data quality such as missing values, semantics mismatches, and use of strings instead of codes. She argues that adopting semantic web standards like RDF, OWL and SPARQL can help address these issues by linking data together and representing it semantically. Ontologies and knowledge graphs can be used to represent domain knowledge and infer new facts. Tools like FRED can generate knowledge graphs from unstructured text. Overall, Lodi argues that semantic web technologies have the potential to improve data interoperability and quality in the public sector, though challenges remain.
Assingment 3-cse-313
The document discusses the OSI and TCP/IP models for networking. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model and the functions of each layer, with a focus on the physical and data link layers. The physical layer is responsible for the actual connection and transmission of bits between devices, while the data link layer forms frames from packets and handles error control and synchronization of data being transmitted. The overall purpose is to break down the communication process into layers to reduce complexity and allow different systems to communicate.
Osi Layer model provided by TopTechy.com
The document summarizes the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which describes how information is transferred between software applications running on different computers connected over a network. It explains that the OSI model defines 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and application layer - through which data passes as it travels from the source to destination. Each layer adds header information and communicates with its corresponding layer in the source/destination computer as well as with layers above and below it to successfully transfer information between applications across a network.
Osi Model
The document discusses the layered architecture model known as the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The OSI model contains seven layers that each perform a specific communication function and rely on the layer below. It describes the functions of each layer, including the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. The layered design philosophy breaks communication tasks into simpler sub-tasks at each independent layer to standardize network communication.
OVERVIEW ON THE SEVEN LAYERs OF COMPUTER NETWORK
The document presents an overview of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. It discusses the history and development of the OSI model by international standards organizations in the 1970s and 1980s. The OSI model defines a seven-layer architecture for network communication, with each layer providing services to the layer above and receiving services from the layer below. Each layer has a specific role, such as the physical layer dealing with physical connections, the data link layer handling framing and addressing, and the application layer providing interfaces for users.
7 Layers Of The OSI Model
The 7-layer OSI model is a standard framework that defines how applications can communicate over a network. Each layer has a specific function, with Layer 1 being the physical level and Layer 7 the application level. Data passes from higher to lower layers as it moves through a network. The OSI model aims to guide network designers and vendors to create interoperable systems and allow comparisons between technical implementations.
Routing_Article
The document provides an overview of networking concepts including TCP/IP, switching, routing, firewalls, and network address translation (NAT). It discusses the OSI model and how data moves through the different layers. It then describes the typical components of a home network, including computers, network cables, hubs/switches, and routers. Routers are explained in more detail, covering how they work, routing, and NAT/PAT. The document aims to explain why applications like DCC may not work by detailing the various networking devices and concepts involved in home networks.
Basics of tcp ip
The document provides an overview of networking concepts including TCP/IP, switching, routing, firewalls, and network address translation (NAT). It discusses the OSI model and how data moves through the different layers. It then describes the typical components of a home network, including computers, network cables, hubs/switches, and routers. Routers are explained in more detail, covering how they work, routing, and NAT/PAT. The document aims to explain why applications like DCC may not work by detailing the various networking devices and concepts involved in home networks.
Networking Models
This PPT was prepared as part of a virtual group discussion during our Third Yr Engineering. It touches on some computer networking topics briefly.
OSI REFERENCE LAYERS
An open system is a set of protocol that allows any two different systems to communicate regardless of their underlying architectures.
The what and how's of cybersecurity
This document provides an introduction to cybersecurity concepts including the OSI reference model, TCP/IP overview, DNS, vulnerabilities, hacker classifications, attack types, and the phases of a cyber attack. It discusses the layers of the OSI model and what functions each layer concerns. It also lists some common sources for information on vulnerabilities and provides an overview of the different types of hackers and common ways systems can be compromised.
Osireferencemodel
The document discusses the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which defines seven layers of network communication. It describes each layer in order from the physical layer, which transmits raw bits of data, to the application layer, which provides user interfaces and services. The seven layers are the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers, with each layer building upon the functions of the layers below it to establish communication between applications running on networked devices.
OSI Model.pptx
The document describes the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, which defines 7 layers for network communication: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. Information passes through each layer as it travels from one application to another across a network. Each layer adds a header and communicates with adjacent layers and its peer layer on other systems. The OSI model provides a standardized framework for network design and debugging multi-layered network applications and services.
Programming languages
computer programming,Low Level Language ,Machine Language
Assembly Language
High Level Language /Procedural Languages,C++ && C#,Web Page Development,XHTML (extensible HTML),JavaScript && PHP && VBScript,Dynamic HTML Dynamic HTML (DHTML)Dynamic HTML Dynamic HTML (DHTML),Algorithm,sourc code , object code
Memory management
Memory Management
Swapping
Fragmentation
Types of Fragmentation
Paging
Demand Paging
Segmentation
Virtual Memory
Von Neumann Architecture
overlay
Process and Thread
Process Synchronization
Deadlock
CPU Scheduling
process scheduling
Memory Management
Swapping
Fragmentation
Types of Fragmentation
Paging
Demand Paging
Segmentation
Virtual Memory
Von Neumann Architecture
overlay
Process and Thread
Process Synchronization
Deadlock
CPU Scheduling
process scheduling
More Related Content
Similar to Osi model
Topic 2.1 network communication using osi model part1
The document discusses the seven-layer OSI model, which provides standards for how network operating systems communicate. It defines each of the seven layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application - and their functions in transmitting data packets from one host to another. The physical layer transmits raw bits, while each higher layer performs more complex functions like error checking, routing, and data formatting until the data reaches the application layer.
From Linked Data to Semantic Applications
The document discusses the vision of the Semantic Web and how it has evolved since 2001. It describes how Linked Data has helped address earlier issues with consistency and scalability by providing a structured data representation at web scale. It also discusses how natural language processing, information retrieval, and distributional semantics can help bridge the gap between structured Linked Data and flexible natural language by semantically matching queries to knowledge graphs. The document concludes by outlining semantic application patterns that can be used to build intelligent systems by maximizing knowledge, allowing dynamic databases, and incorporating user feedback.
1- What is the difference between OSI and TCP-IP layered models-Soluti.docx
1. What is the difference between OSI and TCP/IP layered models?
Solution
1. OSI which stands for Open Systems Interconnection is a conceptual model which define standards on how two systems can communicate on a network.
TCP/IP which stands for  Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) is protocol suite which defines different protocols for communication between two systems on the internet.
3. OSI model has 7 layers which include
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Later
Physical Layer
3. TCP.IP has 4 layers
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Internet Layer
Link Layer or
.
ISOC Panel at IETF 90 - Internet Security and Privacy: Ten years later
ISOC Panel at IETF 90 - Internet Security and Privacy: Ten years laterInternet Technology Matters (Internet Society)
This document summarizes a panel discussion on internet security and privacy ten years in the future. The panel will discuss key threats and elements that may shape security and privacy over the next decade. They will consider how approaches to security and privacy may need to change as internet technologies evolve. The panel will also explore new approaches like information-centric networking and homomorphic encryption that could potentially solve future problems. Finally, the discussion will address whether security and privacy will become more antagonistic, requiring harder trade-offs, or more cooperative over time to allow more comprehensive solutions.Network OSI-Model.ppt
It was developed by ISO – ‘International Organization for Standardization’, in the year 1984. It is a 7-layer architecture with each layer having specific functionality to perform. All these 7 layers work collaboratively to transmit the data from one person to another across the globe. The OSI model, created in 1984 by ISO, is a reference framework that explains the process of transmitting data between computers. Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Session Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
Networking Concepts.pptx
The document discusses the OSI model and its layers. It explains that the OSI model divides networking into 7 abstract layers, with each layer having a specific function. It then describes the functions of each layer, including the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. The physical layer deals with physical connections. The data link layer ensures error-free transmission. The network layer handles routing and IP addressing. The transport layer provides end-to-end delivery and error checking. The session layer establishes connections and handles security. The presentation layer translates data formats. And the application layer allows access to network services.
Network Layered Models Rroosend
The document discusses layered network models, including the OSI model and TCP/IP model.
The OSI model has 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layer. The TCP/IP model has 4 layers that roughly correspond to the application, transport, internet, and network interface layers of the OSI model.
Layered models make networking easier to understand and implement by separating networking functions into different layers with well-defined responsibilities. This allows individual layers and protocols to be improved or replaced without affecting the other layers.
Semantic Interoperability - grafi della conoscenza
This document summarizes Giorgia Lodi's presentation on meaningful data and semantic interoperability in the Italian public sector. Lodi discusses issues with data quality such as missing values, semantics mismatches, and use of strings instead of codes. She argues that adopting semantic web standards like RDF, OWL and SPARQL can help address these issues by linking data together and representing it semantically. Ontologies and knowledge graphs can be used to represent domain knowledge and infer new facts. Tools like FRED can generate knowledge graphs from unstructured text. Overall, Lodi argues that semantic web technologies have the potential to improve data interoperability and quality in the public sector, though challenges remain.
Assingment 3-cse-313
The document discusses the OSI and TCP/IP models for networking. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model and the functions of each layer, with a focus on the physical and data link layers. The physical layer is responsible for the actual connection and transmission of bits between devices, while the data link layer forms frames from packets and handles error control and synchronization of data being transmitted. The overall purpose is to break down the communication process into layers to reduce complexity and allow different systems to communicate.
Osi Layer model provided by TopTechy.com
The document summarizes the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which describes how information is transferred between software applications running on different computers connected over a network. It explains that the OSI model defines 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and application layer - through which data passes as it travels from the source to destination. Each layer adds header information and communicates with its corresponding layer in the source/destination computer as well as with layers above and below it to successfully transfer information between applications across a network.
Osi Model
The document discusses the layered architecture model known as the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The OSI model contains seven layers that each perform a specific communication function and rely on the layer below. It describes the functions of each layer, including the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. The layered design philosophy breaks communication tasks into simpler sub-tasks at each independent layer to standardize network communication.
OVERVIEW ON THE SEVEN LAYERs OF COMPUTER NETWORK
The document presents an overview of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. It discusses the history and development of the OSI model by international standards organizations in the 1970s and 1980s. The OSI model defines a seven-layer architecture for network communication, with each layer providing services to the layer above and receiving services from the layer below. Each layer has a specific role, such as the physical layer dealing with physical connections, the data link layer handling framing and addressing, and the application layer providing interfaces for users.
7 Layers Of The OSI Model
The 7-layer OSI model is a standard framework that defines how applications can communicate over a network. Each layer has a specific function, with Layer 1 being the physical level and Layer 7 the application level. Data passes from higher to lower layers as it moves through a network. The OSI model aims to guide network designers and vendors to create interoperable systems and allow comparisons between technical implementations.
Routing_Article
The document provides an overview of networking concepts including TCP/IP, switching, routing, firewalls, and network address translation (NAT). It discusses the OSI model and how data moves through the different layers. It then describes the typical components of a home network, including computers, network cables, hubs/switches, and routers. Routers are explained in more detail, covering how they work, routing, and NAT/PAT. The document aims to explain why applications like DCC may not work by detailing the various networking devices and concepts involved in home networks.
Basics of tcp ip
The document provides an overview of networking concepts including TCP/IP, switching, routing, firewalls, and network address translation (NAT). It discusses the OSI model and how data moves through the different layers. It then describes the typical components of a home network, including computers, network cables, hubs/switches, and routers. Routers are explained in more detail, covering how they work, routing, and NAT/PAT. The document aims to explain why applications like DCC may not work by detailing the various networking devices and concepts involved in home networks.
Networking Models
This PPT was prepared as part of a virtual group discussion during our Third Yr Engineering. It touches on some computer networking topics briefly.
OSI REFERENCE LAYERS
An open system is a set of protocol that allows any two different systems to communicate regardless of their underlying architectures.
The what and how's of cybersecurity
This document provides an introduction to cybersecurity concepts including the OSI reference model, TCP/IP overview, DNS, vulnerabilities, hacker classifications, attack types, and the phases of a cyber attack. It discusses the layers of the OSI model and what functions each layer concerns. It also lists some common sources for information on vulnerabilities and provides an overview of the different types of hackers and common ways systems can be compromised.
Osireferencemodel
The document discusses the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which defines seven layers of network communication. It describes each layer in order from the physical layer, which transmits raw bits of data, to the application layer, which provides user interfaces and services. The seven layers are the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers, with each layer building upon the functions of the layers below it to establish communication between applications running on networked devices.
OSI Model.pptx
The document describes the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, which defines 7 layers for network communication: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. Information passes through each layer as it travels from one application to another across a network. Each layer adds a header and communicates with adjacent layers and its peer layer on other systems. The OSI model provides a standardized framework for network design and debugging multi-layered network applications and services.
Similar to Osi model (20)
Topic 2.1 network communication using osi model part1
Topic 2.1 network communication using osi model part1
1- What is the difference between OSI and TCP-IP layered models-Soluti.docx
1- What is the difference between OSI and TCP-IP layered models-Soluti.docx
ISOC Panel at IETF 90 - Internet Security and Privacy: Ten years later
ISOC Panel at IETF 90 - Internet Security and Privacy: Ten years later
Semantic Interoperability - grafi della conoscenza
Semantic Interoperability - grafi della conoscenza
More from MuhammadRobeel3
Programming languages
computer programming,Low Level Language ,Machine Language
Assembly Language
High Level Language /Procedural Languages,C++ && C#,Web Page Development,XHTML (extensible HTML),JavaScript && PHP && VBScript,Dynamic HTML Dynamic HTML (DHTML)Dynamic HTML Dynamic HTML (DHTML),Algorithm,sourc code , object code
Memory management
Memory Management
Swapping
Fragmentation
Types of Fragmentation
Paging
Demand Paging
Segmentation
Virtual Memory
Von Neumann Architecture
overlay
Process and Thread
Process Synchronization
Deadlock
CPU Scheduling
process scheduling
Memory Management
Swapping
Fragmentation
Types of Fragmentation
Paging
Demand Paging
Segmentation
Virtual Memory
Von Neumann Architecture
overlay
Process and Thread
Process Synchronization
Deadlock
CPU Scheduling
process scheduling
Command line interface
Explain the operation of the command line interface
Execute fundamental commands from the command line interface
Manipulate files and folders from the command line
How does the Command Line Work?
Ch # 11
The document discusses information systems and the system development life cycle (SDLC). It begins by defining an information system and its components. It then discusses different types of information systems like transaction processing systems and management information systems. It also covers the role of database management systems in information systems. The document then explains the SDLC in detail through its various phases like planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation and maintenance. It notes the benefits of using the SDLC approach. Finally, it discusses the program development life cycle (PDLC) and its key steps of problem clarification, program design, coding, testing and documentation.
Ch # 10 computer security risks and safe guards
IT security, hackers,IT security and risks and safe guards, password, how to create password, bio-metric authentication , virus , antivirus software ,how to safe a devices from virus.types of viruses
Ch # 09 database management system
database management system and its types and advantages and disadvantages , parts of data base management,
Ch # 08 communication devices, network typologies , network protocol
The document provides an overview of computer networks, including definitions, types, devices, and topologies. It defines a computer network as consisting of two or more connected computers that share information and resources. The main types of networks discussed are personal area networks (PAN), local area networks (LAN), campus area networks (CAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), and wide area networks (WAN). Communication devices like modems, routers, hubs, and switches are explained. Finally, the common network topologies of bus, star, ring, and mesh are defined along with their advantages and disadvantages.
Ch # 07 operating system
operating system and its types, graphical user interface, command line , booting ,CPU management , file management
Ch # 06 storage devices
primary storage devices , secondary storage devices, RAM,ROM, cache memory ,virtual memory, measuring capacity ,online storage, types of RAM $ ROM
Ch # 05 input and output devices in computer
The document discusses input and output devices used in computing. It describes common input devices like the keyboard, mouse, scanner, digital camera, and webcam that allow data and instructions to enter the computer. Output devices covered include the monitor for visual output, printers for hard copies, and speakers for audio output. The document provides details on how different types of printers and projectors work to display output.
Ch # 04 computer hardware
computer hardware,
Internal Hardware
Processor (CPU)
Motherboard
RAM
Hard Disk Drive
Sound Card
Video Card
Network Card
Power Supply
External Hardware
Monitor or LCD
Keyboard
Mouse
Printer
Scanner
USB Drive
Internal Hardware
Processor (CPU)
Motherboard
RAM
Hard Disk Drive
Sound Card
Video Card
Network Card
Power Supply
External Hardware
Monitor or LCD
Keyboard
Mouse
Printer
Scanner
USB Drive
Ch # 03 software
The document discusses different types of software. It defines software as a set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. There are two main types of software: system software and application software. System software serves as the interface between the user, application software, and computer hardware. Application software includes programs for tasks like word processing, spreadsheets, databases, project management, and entertainment. Examples of specific application software discussed include Microsoft Word, Excel, Access, and various personal information manager and project management programs.
Ch # 02 internet
internet , how to connect with internet, world wide web ,different types of websites, what is E-Commerce , how many browser , internet advantage and dis advantage , social networking
Introduction to computer
The document provides an overview of computers, including what they are, their components, and uses. It discusses how computers accept data as input, process it, and provide output. Examples are given of how data is converted into useful information. The advantages of computers like speed, accuracy, storage capacity are outlined. Potential disadvantages involving dependency, lack of feelings, and privacy and job issues are also noted. Different generations of computers and types like personal, mobile, servers and more are defined. Finally, the document discusses computer networks and the internet in detail.
pdlc
The document describes the program development life cycle (PDLC), which is a six-step process for developing computer programs: 1) analyze the problem, 2) design the solution, 3) code the program, 4) test the program, 5) formalize the solution, and 6) maintain the program. The PDLC involves analyzing requirements, designing the program structure and logic, implementing the program, testing it for errors, documenting the solution, and maintaining the working program.
Introduction to computer
The document provides an introduction to computers including definitions of key concepts. It discusses what a computer is, how it processes data into information, and its main functions. It also outlines some advantages like speed, accuracy, storage capacity, and consistency. Potential disadvantages are discussed as well, such as lack of intelligence, dependency on users, and privacy/safety issues. The document then covers computer generations, networks, the internet, software, and different types of computers including analog, digital, and hybrid systems.
SDLC
The document discusses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) which is a framework for software development projects. It describes the typical phases of an SDLC process: planning and requirements analysis, defining requirements, designing the software, building/developing the software, testing the software, and deployment and maintenance. The SDLC aims to produce high quality software that meets expectations on time and budget. Key advantages of following an SDLC include increased development speed, improved product quality, better tracking/control, improved client relations, decreased project risk, and lower project management overhead.
More from MuhammadRobeel3 (17)
Ch # 08 communication devices, network typologies , network protocol
Ch # 08 communication devices, network typologies , network protocol
Recently uploaded
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Covered community pharmacy topic of the subject Social and preventive pharmacy for Diploma and Bachelor of pharmacy
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdExploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvariaবাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Recently uploaded (20)
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Osi model
- 1. PREPARED BY : M.ROBEEL The OSI Model
- 2. Topics What are Protocols ? Why we need Protocols and Standards The OSI Reference Model The Seven Layers of the Model Responsibilities of Each Layer The Application Layer The Presentation Layer The Session Layer The Transport Layer The Network Layer The Data Link Layer The Physical Layer
- 3. What Happened ? Hi, What is your name ? Xin chào, bạn tên là gì vậy ? Oh my God, what did he say ? Không biết thằng này đang nói cái gì nữa ? They do not understand each other because they are using different languages.
- 4. What Happened ? (cont) Hi, What is your name ? They can understand each other because they are using the same language. Hi, my name is Gary, and what is your name ? My name is Harry, nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.
- 5. What Happened ? (cont) So in order for two people to speak to each other, the first thing they should to agree on is the language,, to use. Communication between hosts on the network is the same. When hosts begin communicating with each other, they first must agree on what protocols to use.
- 6. What are Protocols ? (cont) Windows PC running IP protocol IP Netware PC running IPX protocol IPX Windows PC running IPX protocol IPX Netware PC running IPX protocol IPX
- 7. Why We Need Protocols and Standards Rules – or protocols and standards – are important to ensure compatibility between different kinds of things However, before a protocol is accepted and widely implemented, it has to pass rigorous testing. So a standard framework is used to help design, compare, test, and evaluate protocols.
- 8. The OSI Reference Model For network communications to take place, hundreds of questions must be answered by a set of protocol (how, when, what…). Evaluating and working with these hundreds of questions would be unmanageable.
- 9. The OSI Reference Model (cont) So, in 1977, the International Standards Organization (ISO) adopted the Open Standard Interconnection (OSI) model. The OSI model breaks down the many tasks involved in moving data from one host to another. The hundreds of questions are divided into seven smaller. The seven groups are called layers.
- 10. The Seven Layers of the OSI Model The goal of the OSI model is to break down the task of data communication into simple steps. These steps are called layers. The OSI model is made up of seven distinct layers. Each layer has certain responsibilities.
- 11. The Seven Layers of the OSI Model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
- 12. Responsibilities of Each Layer The purpose of each layer in the OSI model is to provide services to the layer above it. The higher layers do not need to what happened at the lower layers. Following is the process of moving data from one host to another:
- 13. Data StreamDataData Data Data StreamData Stream Data Stream Data Stream Data Stream Data Stream Data Data Stream This is called segment DataIP Header 1DataIP Header 1DataIP Header 1 DataIP Header 1DataIP Header 1Frame Header IDataIP Header 1Frame Header I DataIP Header 1Frame Header I DataIP Header 1 DataIP Header 1 Data Data Data DataData Stream Data Stream Data Stream Data Stream Data StreamData Stream Data Stream Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical This one is called frame Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical This one is called packet