Comm Studies Regional Dialect
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This document discusses language codes and accents. It introduces the concept of a language code as the expected way of speaking for a particular group. Regional accents and dialects are given as examples of language codes that vary within a country. Received Pronunciation, also known as the Queen's English or BBC English, is identified as having the highest status pronunciation in the UK due to its association with the South-East of England and middle classes. The document questions whether Received Pronunciation is still considered high status and if using it gives one more power. Finally, it notes that speech and language codes contribute to social identity and influence how others perceive us, with potential consequences like affecting employment decisions.
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This document discusses different types of language varieties including dialects, registers, and styles. It defines a dialect as a variety of a language associated with a social group or region that differs grammatically, phonologically, and lexically from other varieties. Regional dialects are associated with a particular place, while registers are varieties used for specific purposes or social settings. Style refers to typical ways of doing things formally or informally.
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This document discusses sociolinguistic concepts related to language variation, including:
- Varieties include languages, dialects, accents, registers, and styles of a language. Variation occurs at the lexical level through slang and levels of formality.
- Dialects are regional or social varieties of a language characterized by their own phonological, syntactic, and lexical properties. They can also be associated with ethnic groups or socioeconomic classes.
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This document discusses language variation and varieties. It defines key terms such as language, dialect, and varieties. Some main points:
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William Labov introduced the concept of style in sociolinguistics in the 1960s to refer to typical ways of speaking. Style relates to social factors like the speaker's relationship with the addressee, context, social class, and register. People accommodate their speech styles, such as using more standard forms with unfamiliar people and more casual forms with friends. Accommodation shows politeness and liking, while divergence can be a political message or show social aspirations. Different styles, from vernacular to careful, can be elicited through topic manipulation and social context. Linguistic features indicate both social class membership and contextual variation between styles.
Types of English
Presentation done on the type of languages in dialectal variation. Not all types are included, so more information may need to be gathered
Class 01 emerson_phonetics_fall2014_intro_spelling_bad_how_many_sounds
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Lexicology -summary
This document provides information about different types of words in English: simple words, complex words, and compound words. It defines each type and provides examples. Simple words consist of a single morpheme, complex words include two bound morphemes or a bound and free morpheme, and compound words have two or more free morphemes. The document also discusses distinguishing compound words from phrases, noting structural integrity, semantic meaning, and stress patterns.
Dialects & Accents
Dialects and accents vary systematically between different groups of speakers. Dialects refer to differences in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation between groups, while accent only refers to pronunciation differences. Dialects and accents vary based on geographical location, social class, educational background and occupation. They can differ phonologically in terms of accent, morphologically in word forms, syntactically in grammar, and semantically in vocabulary. Common dialects of English include various British dialects like Received Pronunciation and Cockney, as well as American dialects like General American, New York City English and Southern American English.
Ch06
The document discusses several topics related to language and culture, including:
1. It provides examples of how language is tied to cultural identity and can be a source of isolation when suppressed, as described by an elder from the Dena'ina Indians.
2. It examines reasons why place names (toponyms) may change, such as after decolonization or political revolution, or to memorialize people or events.
3. It poses questions about deducing the original name of a place in North America based on its naming history by indigenous groups and later Spanish and English speakers, without using the internet.
Ethnography of speaking and structure of conversation
Here are the 7 factors of a speech event based on the document:
1. Speaker - Samira Hashimzadeh (the author)
2. Hearer - The intended audience of the document
3. Message - Information about the ethnography of speaking and structure of conversation
4. Topic - Linguistic analysis of speech acts and conversational exchanges
5. Channel - Written document
6. Setting - University coursework
7. Code - Academic language
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This document discusses analyzing speech samples to determine a speaker's nationality, background, education level, and age. It provides speech samples from several famous Australians and asks the listener to note any unique pronunciations or words. It then discusses character perceptions based on speech in the TV show "Summer Heights High" and describes three levels of Australian dialects - broad, general, and cultivated. Students are asked to analyze the speech of people they know to categorize them on the dialect continuum and note pronunciation examples.
verbal and nonverbal.ppt
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The document then provides examples of different types of nonverbal communication like gestures, facial expressions, paralanguage, haptics, proxemics, chronemics, and environmental cues. It contrasts verbal communication, which is discrete and conscious, with nonverbal communication, which uses multiple channels simultaneously in both conscious and unconscious ways.
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Week 2 language variation
This document discusses language variation at different linguistic levels. It begins by outlining the topics to be covered: 1) language varieties, 2) variation at different linguistic structure levels, and 3) factors influencing variation. It then defines internal variation as different ways of expressing the same meaning within a single language. No two speakers speak exactly the same. Variation exists at the phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic, and lexical levels. Finally, it lists some key factors influencing linguistic variation, such as region, social factors, age, gender, and ethnicity.
Local communication.pptx
The document discusses communication in multicultural settings. It provides tips for both native and non-native English speakers to improve communication. Tips for native English speakers include avoiding confusing questions, slowing speech, and facing those speaking. Tips for non-native speakers include participating in discussions, using dictionaries, and having documents proofread. The document also discusses challenges like differing interpretations of body language and approaches to conflict between cultures.
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This document discusses how the pronunciation of loanwords and foreign names can carry social meaning when translated between languages. It focuses on the pronunciation of the vowel sound in the word "Iraq" as either /æ/ or /ɑ/ by US politicians. Research has shown that pronouncing it with /ɑ/ is perceived as more educated, while /æ/ seems less nativized. An analysis of Congressional speeches found Democrats were more likely to use /ɑ/ while Republicans used /æ/, showing pronunciation can be used strategically and index political affiliations. In general, how loanwords and names are pronounced during translation impacts the social meanings and identities that are communicated.
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