Goffman

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The document discusses Irving Goffman's concept that life is like a dramatic performance, with people presenting different versions of themselves in different social situations and contexts. Specifically, it outlines six ways in which people perform: (1) adopting different personas or masks for different situations, (2) how sincerely or cynically one enacts their persona, (3) using settings, props, and costumes to stage performances, (4) performing with other people as part of a team, (5) taking on specific roles and responsibilities within a team, and (6) bringing one's own individual personal style to their performances and roles.

“ Life itself is a dramatically enacted thing” Irving Goffman ‘ ‘ The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life’ (1990).

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We present ‘ourselves’ in six different ways: ,[object Object],[object Object]

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(3) Staging: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

(4) Teams: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

(5) Role: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

(6) Personal Style: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Goffman and the online worldApproaching Goffman's Presentation of Self Duncan Chapple Who? Erving Goffman ‘22-’83 Important, long-lasting impact Field work mid-century in Shetlands Became interested in micro-sociology What’s happening in the kitchen Goffman describes the offline world Social interaction: “that which uniquely transpires in social situations—in environments in which two or more individuals are physically in one another’s response presence.” Situation: “any physical area anywhere within which two or more persons find themselves in visual and aural range of one another.” Framework The stage Helps understand what’s happening Belief in the role one is playing Impression management Character is the process added to individuals to turn them into persons Masks Status Setting: the spaces are controlled Appearance: non-verbal communications Manner: also shows status and comfort Framework Dramatic realisations In the present of others, there are signals and signs Dependent on setting Members stress their habits and routines Idealisation Individuals incorporate and exemplify officially accredited values Our own intentions are idealised: we think we are meeting society’s expectations The debate: Is Goffman’s framework still applicable to the online world? The stage Status Dramatic realisations Idealisation Comparison of different views on the contemporaneity of Goffman’s ideas Rethinking central assumptions of Goffman Global situations (e.g. foreign exchange market) change forms of the Goffmanian interaction order New concepts needed to explain global situations Synthetic situation: People received by machine (phone etc); no co-location Time transaction: Asyncronous Globally-oriented interactionism abandons assumptions of Goffman Physical presence Focus on human interaction and human mutual monitoring Local focus of a situation What constitutes global andsynthetic situations? Global situations are synthetic situations... “that include electronically transmitted on-screen projections that add informational depth and new response requirements to the “ecological huddle” (Goffman 1964:135) of the natural situation” Synthetic situations are defined as…“an environment augmented (and temporalized) by fully or partially scoped components—in which we find ourselves in one another’s and the scopic components’ response presence, without needing to be in one another’s physical presence.” In-depth look at synthetic situations Different types of synthetic situations involve different systematics of reciprocity, accountability, rule-governedness etc. Features of synthetic situations Informational (perhaps less contextual, more on the matter at hand) Temporal nature Symbolic interaction partners (participants interact through symbolic ‘faces’ of both individuals and also the ‘collective’ as a mar

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Goffman

1. “ Life itself is a dramatically enacted thing” Irving Goffman ‘ ‘ The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life’ (1990).

Goffman

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