The document discusses Vladimir Propp's theory of narrative structures. Propp claimed that most stories contain similar character archetypes that fulfill common roles, which he called "spheres of action". These include the hero, villain, princess, father of the princess, false hero, helper, donor, and dispatcher. The document provides brief descriptions of the common roles fulfilled by each of these character types in stories according to Propp's theory.

1. Unit FS1: Making Meaning. (Narrative) Macro Essay. Today we ask: Do narratives always have the same basic characters in them? Do those characters always seem to have the same role or function in a storyline?

2. The Narrative Ideas of Vladimir Propp (1895-1970). Propp claimed that no matter how different stories may appear, they usually have similar characters who do similar things.

3. ‘Spheres of Action’: Valadimir Propp therefore claimed that characters in a story could usually be fitted into eight character roles – which he called ‘spheres of action’. A character in a story may fulfil more than one role or ‘sphere of action’.

4. (1) The Hero. In a story, this was often a main or central character (protagonist). He usually seeks out something, or someone, in the story. He is maybe motivated by a lack of something (e.g. money).

5. (2) The Villain. He/she opposes the hero! This is the evil character with evil plans.

6. (3) The Princess. The Princess is often a ‘reward’ for the hero! She may be the object of the Villain’s evil scheming……. Traditionally she is attractive or pretty – not least to the hero!

7. (4) Father of the Princess. Rewards the hero! He is part of the family that the Princess belongs too.

8. (5) The False Hero! This is a character who may at first appear good – but is really evil! He/she may try to betray the good guys.

9. (6) The Helper. He/she aids the hero!

10. (7) The Donor. This is character who provides an object that helps the Hero (or another character). Often the object has ‘magic’ qualities.

11. (8) The Dispatcher. Sends the Hero on his way, with a mission.

12. Therefore…….. See if you can spot these character roles – or ‘spheres of action’ in the story! Write down the name of the character next to the role (above).