1. Glass is made by heating sand, limestone, and soda ash to over 1700 degrees Celsius in a furnace, which allows the materials to melt and form a clear jelly-like substance.
2. Glass has been made since at least 3500 BCE in Mesopotamia, and glassmaking later developed in ancient Egypt, Rome, China, and other societies throughout history.
3. There are many types of glass including soda lime glass, flint glass, Pyrex glass, and laminated glass, each with different optical and safety properties used for windows, containers, and other applications.
Glass Industry (Chemistry of Glass industry) Pakistan's Glass IndustryMuhammad Abubakar
This Presention is about the chemistry of glass industry.
This includes
Glass
Types of glass
General properties of glass
Manufacturing process of glass
Uses of glass.
Pakistan's glass's economy
import and export of float glass of Pakistan
Glass Industry (Chemistry of Glass industry) Pakistan's Glass IndustryMuhammad Abubakar
This Presention is about the chemistry of glass industry.
This includes
Glass
Types of glass
General properties of glass
Manufacturing process of glass
Uses of glass.
Pakistan's glass's economy
import and export of float glass of Pakistan
This course will examine design and installation considerations for large format ceramic and porcelain tile (LFT). It will define the sizing categories for tile, and will address opportunities and constraints unique to LFT as defined by ANSI standards and TCNA methods. It will address bonding pattern recommendations, acceptable warpage and lippage, and acceptable minimums &variation in grout joint width. The program will also take a close look at substrate preparation for LFT including substrate flatness tolerances. Finally, the program will provide information on the newly defined category of thin Gauged Porcelain Tile (GPT) and thin GPT slabs/panels, including an update on the new ANSI standards currently for this product category.
Glass is a non-crystalline, often transparent amorphous solid, that has widespread practical, technological, and decorative use in, for example, window panes, tableware, and optics.Glass is most often formed by rapid cooling of the molten form, some glasses such as volcanic glass are naturally occurring.The most familiar, and historically the oldest, types of manufactured glass are "silicate ..
different types of glass windows
types of glass for doors
different kind of glass
types of glassware
types of glass finishes
list of types of glass
types of glass shower doors
types of glass vases
Glass as building material covered all the glasses with best and suitable examples
Please like share and subscribe to my Youtube channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaUEYWPKaJItDDLpc-ZOl4w
Survey of glass. Architectural glass is glass that is used as a building material. It is most typically used as transparent glazing material in the building envelope, including windows in the external walls. Glass is also used for internal partitions and as an architectural feature.
This presentation is about float glass it is a type of glass this presentation consist of what is float glass its properties it's manufacturing process and their uses
THE PRESENTATION WAS MADE UNDER TOPIC GLASS AND ITS TYPE ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESSES AND ITS MARKET SURVEY . WE TRIED TO COVERED ALL THE TYPES WITH THEIR DETAILED INFORMATION .
HOPE U LIKE IT !!!!
This course will examine design and installation considerations for large format ceramic and porcelain tile (LFT). It will define the sizing categories for tile, and will address opportunities and constraints unique to LFT as defined by ANSI standards and TCNA methods. It will address bonding pattern recommendations, acceptable warpage and lippage, and acceptable minimums &variation in grout joint width. The program will also take a close look at substrate preparation for LFT including substrate flatness tolerances. Finally, the program will provide information on the newly defined category of thin Gauged Porcelain Tile (GPT) and thin GPT slabs/panels, including an update on the new ANSI standards currently for this product category.
Glass is a non-crystalline, often transparent amorphous solid, that has widespread practical, technological, and decorative use in, for example, window panes, tableware, and optics.Glass is most often formed by rapid cooling of the molten form, some glasses such as volcanic glass are naturally occurring.The most familiar, and historically the oldest, types of manufactured glass are "silicate ..
different types of glass windows
types of glass for doors
different kind of glass
types of glassware
types of glass finishes
list of types of glass
types of glass shower doors
types of glass vases
Glass as building material covered all the glasses with best and suitable examples
Please like share and subscribe to my Youtube channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaUEYWPKaJItDDLpc-ZOl4w
Survey of glass. Architectural glass is glass that is used as a building material. It is most typically used as transparent glazing material in the building envelope, including windows in the external walls. Glass is also used for internal partitions and as an architectural feature.
This presentation is about float glass it is a type of glass this presentation consist of what is float glass its properties it's manufacturing process and their uses
THE PRESENTATION WAS MADE UNDER TOPIC GLASS AND ITS TYPE ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESSES AND ITS MARKET SURVEY . WE TRIED TO COVERED ALL THE TYPES WITH THEIR DETAILED INFORMATION .
HOPE U LIKE IT !!!!
like, share and comment and feel free if mistake found in it.
it will be beneficial for my knowledge if you like my presentation please comment about your feeling and tag your friends.
It is made from sand(silicone dioxide), soda ash(sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate), lime, alumina, potassium oxide.
Glass is the most-used cladding material for tall buildings due to its strength, light weight, durability, and wide range of available optical and thermal properties. It has seemingly unlimited optical and aesthetic possibilities.
Glass is an inorganic product of fusion that has cooled to a rigid condition without crystallizing. Glass is typically hard and brittle, and has a conchoidal fracture. A glass may be colorless or colored. It is usually transparent, but may be made translucent or opaque (such as in white, opal glass). Objects made of glass are loosely and popularly referred to as glass; such as glass for a tumbler, a barometer, a window, a magnifier, or a mirror. The subject of studying glass in materials science is an important part.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
3. Introduction
• Glass is a commonly seen substance with a
variety of forms and uses
• Due to its versatile nature, it is popular in many
facets of the world
• Glass has been used from historic times as a
medium to beautify and build
4. Introduction
Glass
No definite boiling or
freezing point
Also called super cooled
liquid
Silicate
Not affected by any chemical
Moulded into any shape
Limestone , soda-ash & sand
5. History
• The complex craft of glass making originated in Egypt
• Historical records trace glassmaking to 3500 BCE to Mesopotamians
who may have created second-rate copies of glass objects from
Egypt
• Other archaeological evidence suggests that the first true glass was
made in coastal north Syria, Mesopotamia or Egypt
6. History
• The earliest known glass objects, of the mid second millennium BC,
were beads, perhaps initially created as accidental by-products of
metal-working (slags) or during the production of faience, a pre-glass
vitreous material made by a process similar to glazing
• Glass remained a luxury material, and the art may have come to a halt
in the late Bronze Age civilizations
7. History
• In the Roman Empire, glass appears to have been used widely
• Glass objects have been recovered across the Roman Empire in domestic,
industrial and funerary contexts.
• Anglo-Saxon glass has been found across England during archaeological
excavations of both settlement and cemetery sites
• Glass in the Anglo-Saxon period was used in the manufacture of a range of
objects including vessels, beads, windows and was even used in jewellery.
8. History
• Indigenous development of glass technology in South Asia may have
begun in 1730 BC.
• In ancient China, though, glassmaking seems to have appeared later
when compared to ceramics and metal work.
9. What you should expect out of this session
1 AD ROMANS
1730 BC SE
ASIA
600–300 BC
INDIA
206 BC to 220 AD
CHINA
3500 BCE in
Mesopotamia
820–897
PERSIA
1000 AD
EUROPE
10. Manufacturing
• The manufacture of glass involves the following steps.
• Limestone, sand and soda ash are mixed and poured into a tank
furnace.
• Tank furnace looks like a small swimming pool. Its is very hot (about
1700 degree Celsius).
• It is shallow at one end and deep at the other.
11. Manufacturing
• The raw materials move slowly towards the deeper ends. Silica melts at
a very high temperature. In order to lower its melting point, soda ash is
added. Thus, energy is saved and a low cost is incurred in the glass
making process.
• Due to the presence of limestone, glass becomes insoluble in water.
12. Manufacturing
• As the raw material melts, a clear jelly-like substance is formed; this
takes about a week’s time
• During this time, bubbles of carbon dioxide gas escape and some of
the raw material slowly changes into a mixture of silicates.
13. Manufacturing
• The following reactions take place
inside the furnace.
• The clear jelly-like substance on
cooling sets to form glass.
• This is known as soda-lime glass
15. Crown glass or soda lime glass
• Crown glass was an early type of window glass.
• In this process, glass was blown into a "crown" or hollow globe.
• This was then transferred from the blowpipe to a punty and then
flattened by reheating and spinning out the bowl-shaped piece of
glass (bullion) into a flat disk by centrifugal force, up to 5 or 6 feet
(1.5 to 1.8 metres) in diameter.
• The glass was then cut to the size required
16.
17.
18. Flint glass
• Traditionally, flint glasses were lead glasses containing around 4–
60% lead(II) oxide; however, the manufacture and disposal of these
glasses were sources of pollution.
• In many modern flint glasses, lead oxides are replaced with other
metal oxides such as titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide
without significantly altering the optical properties of the glass
19.
20. Hard or Bohemian glass
• Bohemian glass, chiefly referred to as Bohemia crystal, is glass
produced in the regions of Bohemia and Silesia, now parts of the
Czech Republic.
• It has a centuries long history of being internationally recognised
for its high quality, craftsmanship, beauty and often innovative
designs.
21. Hard or Bohemian glass
• Hand-cut, engraved, blown and painted decorative glassware
ranging from champagne flutes to enormous chandeliers,
ornaments, figurines and other glass items are among the best
known Czech exports and immensely popular as tourist souvenirs.
• The Czech Republic is home to numerous glass studios and schools
attended by local and foreign students
22.
23. Pyrex glass
• Pyrex glass is a borosilicate glass first produced by The Corning
Glass Works company.
• It is made by heating raw materials like silica sand and boric oxide to
extremely high temperatures for extended periods of time.
• The molten material is then processed into different types of
glassware.
24.
25.
26. Sheet glass
• Flat glass, sheet glass, or plate glass is a type of glass, initially
produced in plane form, commonly used for windows, glass doors,
transparent walls, and windshields.
• For modern architectural and automotive applications, the flat glass
is sometimes bent after production of the plane sheet.
27.
28.
29. Wired glass
• Wired glass is a type of glass into which a wire mesh is embedded
during production.
• Wired glass is manufactured primarily as a fire retardant, with wire
mesh inlaid in the glass to prevent it from shattering and breaking
out under stress or when exposed to high temperatures.
30.
31.
32.
33. Stained glass
• The term stained glass can refer to coloured glass as a material or to
works created from it. Throughout its thousand-year history, the
term has been applied almost exclusively to the windows of
churches, mosques and other significant buildings.
34. Stained glass
• Although traditionally made in flat panels and used as windows, the
creations of modern stained glass artists also include three-
dimensional structures and sculpture.
• Modern vernacular usage has often extended the term "stained
glass" to include domestic leadlight and object d'art created from
came glasswork exemplified in the famous lamps of Louis Comfort
Tiffany.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40. Glass Block
• Glass brick, also known as glass block, is an architectural element
made from glass.
• Glass bricks provide visual obscuration while admitting light.
• The glass block was originally developed in the early 1900s to
provide natural light in manufacturing plants.
• Glass bricks are produced for both wall and floor applications.
41. Glass Block
• Glass blocks for use in floors are normally manufactured as a single
solid piece, or as a hollow glass block with thicker side walls than
the standard wall blocks.
• These blocks are normally cast into a reinforced concrete gridwork
or set into a metal frame, allowing multiple units to be combined to
span over openings in basements and roofs.
42.
43.
44.
45. Bullet proof glass
• Bulletproof glass (also known as ballistic glass, transparent armor,
or bullet-resistant glass) is a type of strong but optically
transparent material that is particularly resistant to being
penetrated when struck.
46. Bullet proof glass
• Like any material, however, it is not completely impenetrable.
• It is usually made from a combination of two or more types of glass,
one hard and one soft.
• The softer layer makes the glass more elastic, so it can flex instead
of shatter.
47.
48.
49. Fibre glass
• Fiberglass (or fiberglass) is a type of fibre-reinforced plastic where
the reinforcement fibre is specifically glass fibre.
• The glass fibre may be randomly arranged, flattened into a sheet
(called a chopped strand mat), or woven into a fabric.
50. Fibre glass
• The plastic matrix may be a thermoset polymer matrix – most often
based on thermosetting polymers such as epoxy, polyester resin, or
vinylester - or a thermoplastic.
51.
52.
53. Laminated glass
• Laminated glass is a type of safety glass that holds together when
shattered.
• In the event of breaking, it is held in place by an interlayer, typically
of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), between
its two or more layers of glass.
54. Laminated glass
• The interlayer keeps the layers of glass bonded even when broken,
and its high strength prevents the glass from breaking up into large
sharp pieces.
• This produces a characteristic "spider web" cracking pattern when
the impact is not enough to completely pierce the glass.
55.
56.
57. Glass etching
• Glass etching comprises the techniques of creating art on the
surface of glass by applying acidic, caustic, or abrasive substances.
Traditionally this is done after the glass is blown or cast, although
mold-etching has replaced some forms of surface etching.
• The removal of minute amounts of glass causes the characteristic
rough surface and translucent quality of frosted glass.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62. Toughened glass
• Toughened or tempered glass is a type of safety glass processed by
controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength
compared with normal glass.
• Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the inner
surfaces into tension.
63. Toughened glass
• Such stresses cause the glass, when broken, to crumble into small
granular chunks instead of splintering into jagged shards as plate
glass (a.k.a. annealed glass) creates.
• The granular chunks are less likely to cause injury.
64.
65.
66.
67. Mirror
• Mirror is an object that reflects light in such a way that, for incident
light in some range of wavelengths, the reflected light preserves
many or most of the detailed physical characteristics of the original
light.
• This is different from other light-reflecting objects that do not
preserve much of the original wave signal other than colour and
diffuse reflected light.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72. Annealed glass
• Annealed glass is the most common glass used in windows.
• Annealed glass is also known as a standard sheet of float glass.
• Annealing is actually a process of slowly cooling glass to relieve
internal stresses after it is formed
73.
74.
75. Types of glass window
• Gas filled windows
• Insulated windows
• Heat absorbing tinted glass
• Low-emissivity (Low-E) glass
• Reflective glass
• Impact- resistant glass
76. Gas filled window
• Because of its high thermal performance, gas filled windows are
best for homeowners who are having energy efficiency concerns.
• The gas offers better insulation that helps further reduce heat loss
helping to save on heating costs.
• It also prevent frost from occurring at the bottom of window and at
the same time, improves the soundproofing characteristics of the
window
77.
78.
79. Insulated window
• Just like the glass filled windows, insulated windows are also the
best choice in terms of energy efficiency.
• It can keep the house cooler in the summer and comfortably warm
during winter season.
• This kind of window is often double or triple paned.
80. Insulated window
• They include one to several low-emittance coatings that offer very
good insulation against heat and cold. It also helps reduce the noise
that comes from outside your home.
81.
82. Heat absorbing tinted glass window
• This type of glass utilize a glaze that reacts to heat. When heat is
absorbed, the glass color change. This type of reaction causes the
glass to absorb rather than reflect energy or heat into your home.
• The most popular glass of this type are the gray and bronze-tinted.
83. Heat absorbing tinted glass window
• Any of these can effectively minimize the amount of light or heat
that can enter through the windows.
• Aside from energy efficiency, heat absorbing glass also offers
security, safety, privacy and design versatility.
84.
85.
86. Low emissivity (Low-E) glass
• This type of glass has a special coating that reflects the infrared
portion of light while letting the visible light through.
• In other terms, it filter the sun’s heat while allowing a considerable
amount of light to enter the building or home.
87. Low E glass
• What makes this glass truly special is it’s ability to reflect away the
infrared heat from the sun during summer and reflect back the
infrared heat already inside the house during the winter.
88.
89.
90. Reflective glass
• This kind of glass is often used in warm and sunny regions or
locations.
• Reflective glass reduces solar radiation that can minimize ultraviolet
damage at home.
• Aside from its considerable benefits, it also provides design
versatility and visual impact making it a popular choice for well
designed homes and buildings.
91.
92.
93. Impact resistant glass
• This type of glass is popular and often used at homes that are located at
Hurricane risk zone.
• It is normally used when there is a possibility of strong impact or where
glass could fall if shattered.
• This glass is popular choice for exterior storefronts, balconies, stair-
railings, roof glazings and curtain walls.
• Impact resistant glass is widely popular because of its safety and security
benefits.
94. Impact resistant glass
• It is strong enough to prevent from breaking up into large sharp
pieces.
• It remains intact when shattered and in the event of breaking, it is
held in place by an interlayer that is usually polyvinyl butyral (PVB).
• Aside from the protection during Hurricanes, this type of glass also
adds a good layer of security against intruders or potential
burglars. It also offers good UV protection and noise reduction.
95.
96. Uses of glass
• Packaging
• Tableware
• Housing and building
• Interior design and
furniture
• Appliances and electronics
• Automotive and transport
• Medical field
• Fibre optic cables
• Renewable energy
109. Uses of glass in interiors
• When it comes to interior design, glass has many uses.
• Glass Stairs made popular by architect Peter Brohlin’s for the iconic Fifth
Avenue Apple Store in New York, have started to show up in many a
residence.
• An all-glass stair has treads (steps), a stringer (diagonal support) and a rail of
glass.
• While this stair is actually cantilevered from a support (likely a piece of steel)
hidden in the wall, the stair is essentially all glass.
110. Uses of glass in interiors
• Because of its transparency, the staircase seems to float, blocking
neither light nor view.
• And in many ways it becomes, with its lightness and transparency, an
ethereal, contemporary sculpture.
• If natural light available from only two sides, glass stairs are a perfect
way to illuminate the interiors of older row houses in historic
neighbourhoods
111.
112.
113. Uses of glass in interiors
• Glass Floors are often used in conjunction with glass stairs and mostly
on upper floors of a house were we seek to bring more light under it. It
makes most sense to use these under a sky lit roof
114.
115.
116. Uses of glass in interiors
• Glass Walkways allows us to be enclosed yet open to the view.
• When closed the walkway connects two sides of the house, but it does
so in dramatic fashion. The cove lighting and subtle barrel-vaulted
wood ceiling are nice touches.
117.
118.
119.
120. Uses of glass in interiors
• Glass Bathrooms are controversial.
• Privacy becomes an issue when the material you are trying to use is
transparent.
• There are today glass walls that can change its opacity in the same way
you turn a light on or off.
• With a flick of a switch these transparent walls become completely
white, blocking most of the light that would come through.
121.
122. Uses of glass in interiors
• Glass Blocks are very versatile, they can be used up as a solid wall a
window or as flooring.
• For a contemporary twist to modernise the appearance of your room,
glass blocks can be stacked to create walls.
123. Uses of glass in interiors
• These screens still let light through but can also provide privacy, so are
perfect for dividing up larger rooms into smaller areas.
• Considering they can still let light in, yet provide privacy at the same
time, they make the ideal decorative shower screens in bathrooms and
look great too
124.
125.
126.
127. Uses of glass in interiors
• Glass Balustrades are often associated with contemporary offices, glass
balustrades now showcase the height of modern interior design for
homes across the country.
• For a sophisticated look and feel that allows light to flow freely
through your house, it is a great idea to finish off your home with the
finest quality glass panes banisters
128.
129. Uses of glass in interiors
• Patterned Glass
• Whether you want to improve the internal or external appearance of
your property, patterned glass can help create texture and originality.
• With a range of various styles and designs available anyone can find the
right type of glass to fit the purpose.
130.
131.
132.
133. Uses of glass in interiors
• Mirrored wardrobes and walls are the perfect asset to any home.
• They add depth to a room, widening up smaller spaces by reflecting the
light.
• Available in a whole range of colours and designs, mirrored glass can be
cut to fit any shape or size creating a beautiful and spacious room.
134.
135.
136.
137. Advantages
• Use of glass in construction work adds beauty to the building
• Its use fulfils the architectural view of external decoration
• By using glass in interior it saves the space inside the building
138. Advantages
• Glass cladding in building fulfils functional requirement of lighting, heat
relation and energy saving
• It gives an appearance of openness and harmony
• As toughened glass is available, one can have good interior design with
use of glass in transparent staircase, coloured shelves, ceiling etc
139. Advantages
• Glass is an excellent material for thermal insulation, waterproofing and
energy conservation
• Glass is bad conductor of heat; it saves energy air conditioning of
building
• For making glass partition on upper floor, no extra design is required
for slab as glass is light in weight
140. Disadvantages
• As glass is a very costly material, it may increase the budgeted cost of
construction work
• Use of glass also enhances the cost of security
• Its use in hilly area and desert may cause more maintenance cost
• Glass is also unsafe for earthquake prone areas
141. Companies
Industry Year of establishment Business products
Binani Industries 1972 fibre glass and composites
Gujarat Borosil 1988 container glass, tinted glass,
automotive glass and architectural
glass
Haldyn Glass 1964 vials, liquor bottles, food and
beverage bottles
Asahi 1984 automotive glass, architectural
glass, solar glass and consumer
glass
142. Companies
Industry Year of establishment Business products
La Opala RG- 1988 Laopala, Diva and Solitaire crystal
Hindustan National Glass 1964 Glass containers
Empire 1900 products-glass containers for
pharmaceuticals industry
Borosil Glass Work- 1962 consumer, lighting, low iron solar
glass, scientific and industrial glass
Saint Gobin Sekurit- 1966 float glass, automotive glass and
glass containers
143. Companies
Industry Year of establishment Business products
Nile 1984 Glass and lead alloy
Swiss glass coat equipment 1991 Carbon steel glass equipment and
accessories
Sezal Glass 1991 solid glass, kook glass, tone glass,
fort glass, armor glass, décor glass
and fireban glass