Glass is an amorphous solid made by heating sand, limestone, and soda ash in a furnace to form a molten liquid that solidifies upon cooling. The most common production process is the float glass process developed in the 1950s where molten glass is floated on a bed of molten tin to form flat, uniform sheets. Glass is transparent, strong yet brittle, and can be colored, laminated, or toughened for different applications such as windows, doors, mirrors, art, and more. It provides architectural design flexibility while allowing light transmission but requires careful handling due to its brittleness.

3. DEFINITION
• Amorphous, Hard, Brittle, Transparent Or
Translucent Substance
• Super Cooled Liquid Of Infinite Viscosity
• No Definite Melting Point
• Fusing A Mixture Of A Number Of Metallic
Silicates Or Borates Of Sodium, Potassium,
Calcium And Lead.

4. PROPERTIES
• Transparency
• U value
• Strength
• Workability
• Recyclable
Glass house by Philip Johnson

5. Pilkington process
• Sand, Calcium Oxide And Sodium Carbonate
• Heated In A Gas Fired Furnace
• Quartz Sand : 2,300 Degrees Celsius
• Sodium Carbonate Reduces The Temp. To 1,500 Degree C
• Molten Glass Formed
• Mixture Is Floated On Molten Tin To Form Glass
• Glass Is Set To Cool
• Annealing

7. • Obsidian and fulgurite
• Glass blowing discovered in 1st century in Europe
• 7th century Anglo Saxon glass
• Stain in gothic renaissance and baroque architecture from the 11th
century
• Pilkington and Bickerstaff introduced float glass process in 1958.

8. • Facades
• Structural element
• Sky lights, atriums
• glazing doors and windows
• Decoration
• partition wall
• cabinets, show cases, shop front

9. • Tinted Glass
• Laminated Glass
• Fusion Glass
• Mirrors
• Float Glass
• Stained Glass
• Beveled Glass
• Figured Glass
• Toughened Glass

10. TINTED GLASS
• Windows In Buildings, Homes, And Cars
• Privacy

11. LAMINATED GLASS
• Holds Together When Shattered.
• Held By An Interlayer, Typically Of Polyvinyl
Butyral Between Its Two Or More Layers
• High Strength Prevents The Glass From Breaking
Up Into Large Sharp Pieces

12. FUSION GLASS
• Consists Mainly Of Silica
• Generally Used To Create Art And Jewellery,

13. MIRRORS
• Good Specular Reflection
• Smooth Enough To Form An Image.
• Used For Personal Grooming, Decoration And
Architecture

14. FLOAT GLASS
• Sheet Of Glass Made By Floating Molten Glass
On A Bed Of Molten Tin.
• Uniform Thickness And Very Flat Surfaces.
• Modern Windows

15. STAINED GLASS
• Made By Adding Metallic Salts During Its
Manufacture
• Used For Making Stained Glass Windows
• Small Pieces Of Glass Are Arranged To Form
Patterns

16. BEVELED GLASS
• Bevels Act As Prisms In The Sunlight
• Creates An Interesting Colour Diffraction
Highlighting The Glasswork

17. FIGURED GLASS
• Plate Or Sheet Glass Having A Pattern Rolled Onto One Side Of The
Surface.
• Also Called As Rolled Plate Glass
• Kitchen Cabinets

18. TOUGHENED GLASS
• processed by chemical treatments.
• increased strength
• shatter into small fragments when broken
• strong, enhanced thermal resistance, breaks into small cuboid fragments
• less likely to cause injury

19. ADVANTAGES
1. Adds Beauty To The Building
2. Fulfils The Architectural View For External Decoration
3. Saves The Space Inside The Building
4. Glass Cladding
5. Sense Of Openness And Harmonious.
6. Thermal Insulation, Water Proofing And Energy Conservation.
7.Bad Conductor Of Heat Thus Saves Energy In Air Conditioning Of Building.
DISADVANTAGES
1.Costly Material
2. Use In Hilly Area And Desert May Cause More Maintenance Cost.
3. Glass Is Also Unsafe For Earthquake Proven Area.
4. Energy Extensive Process