Glass can be used in many ways in interior design to add style and sophistication. It comes in various types depending on its composition, appearance, and properties. The main types discussed are clear glass, tinted glass, frosted glass, reflective glass, and back painted glass. Frosted glass can be further divided into sandblasted glass, satin glass, and acid etched glass. Glass can be installed as glass blocks, tiles, windows, doors, and roofs. Its advantages include transmitting light, adding beauty, and aiding energy efficiency.

1. GLASS
N A K I Y A K I R A N A W A L A
B I D S E M 4
B I D 1 8 0 6 1

2. INTRODUCTION TO GLASS
When it comes to using of materials in interior
designing, glass plays a major role as it adds the
required amount of style and sophistication, and is a
material that is very much in trend and widely used in
this industry.
2MCT

3. COMPOSITION OF GLASS
• Glass is a mixture of raw materials like Silica, sodium potassium
carbonate, lime or lead oxide, Manganese oxide which is ground, sieved
(examine in order to test suitability) and mixed in specific proportion
and melted in furnace (basically oven).
• The varieties of glass differ widely in chemical composition and in
physical qualities. Most varieties, however, have certain qualities in
common.
• Glasses are made from three main materials—sand (silicon dioxide, or
SiO2), limestone (calcium carbonate, or CaCO3), and sodium carbonate
(Na2CO3). Fused silica itself is an excellent glass, but, as the melting
point of sand (crystalline silica) is above 1,700 °C (3,092 °F) and as it is
very expensive to attain such high temperatures, its uses are restricted
to those in which its superior properties—chemical inertness and the
ability to withstand sudden changes of temperature—are so important
that the cost is justified. 3MCT

4. TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION
1. The Glasses From Its Appearance :
 Clear Glass: The glass that provides a clear view of both outside as well
as inside.
 Tinted Glass: They are light colored glasses. Hence, depending upon the
tinting, the direct glare of sunlight can be dimmed or reduced.
 Frosted Glass: It blurs out the images but still transmits light. Therefore, a
glass used for visual privacy. It can be one side frosted or both side
frosted.
 Reflective Glass: This type of glass has a mirror-like coating on its exterior
surface. It reflects heat and radiation from sunlight but still allows the
natural light to come in.
 Back Painted Glass : This is a unique use of glass that has been growing
in popularity in recent years. It is essentially exactly what it sounds like-
glass that has been painted on the back side. That way, from the front
side, the glass is no longer translucent, but instead a solid color.
4MCT

5. CLEAR GLASS
REFLECTIVE GLASS
TINTED GLASS
FROSTED GLASS
5MCT
BACK PAINTED GLASS

6. F R O S T E D G L A S S C A N B E D I V I D E I N TO 3 T Y P E S
 Sandblasted Glass : Sandblast glass admits light while providing
softening and vision control .Sandblast glass is made by spraying
and at high velocities over the surface of the glass .This gives the
glass a translucent surface ,which is usually rougher than that
obtained by etching .During sandblasting ,only the areas that are
to remain transparent are masked for protection .The depth and
degree of the translucency of the sand-blasted finishing vary with
the force and type of and used.
 Satin Glass : Satin Glass is produced by the sandblasting or acid
etching of clear sheet glass. It has the effect of rendering the
glass translucent by scattering of light during transmission, thus
blurring images while still transmitting light.
 Acid Etched Glass : Acid etched glass is produced by acid
etching the glass to form an obscure and smooth surface. This
glass admits light while providing softening and vision control. It
can be used in both residential and commercial settings e.g.
doors, shower screens, furniture, wall paneling, etc. Now our
innovated technology could make really nice feeling acid etched
glass.
MCT 6

7. • GLASS BLOCKS : Glass brick, also known as glass block, is an architectural element made
from glass. The appearance of glass blocks can vary in color, size, texture and form. Glass
bricks provide visual obscuration while admitting light.
• ETCHED GLASS : A kind of decorative glass, etched glass is the result of a series of small
cuts made to the glass, by acidic, caustic or abrasive substances, after the glass has been
manufactured. The cuts normally appear white against the glass and can be made into
patterns or images.
MCT 7

8. 2. Know The Various Features Of Glasses :
● Toughened Glass: It is up to five times stronger than ordinary glass. If it breaks,
it will shatter into small pieces without any sharp edges hence, potential cuts and
injuries can be avoided. Even it facilitates for easier cleanup as one does not have
carefully pick up the sharp pieces.
● Tempered Glass : These are extremely durable and ten times stronger than
regular glass. Even these glasses reduce the chances of injury that is caused by
shattering. Moreover, tempered glass is significantly cheaper when compared to
laminated glass
● Laminated Glass: Laminated glass consists of two or more glass permanently
bonded together with one or multiple layers of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). It is used
when safety is paramount. As when broken, it prevents the glass from fragmenting
and is held in place by the interlayer. Though it produces a cracking pattern but
keeps the layers of glasses bonded. It’s the same glass that is used in car
windscreens, walk on floors, shower cubicles and so on. It is even used for sound 8MCT

9. LAMINATED GLASSTOUGHENED GLASS
9MCT

10. 3. Glasses That Suits Various Interior Design Concepts - Glass Home Interiors :
• Energy Efficient Glass -The Eco-Friendly Glass For Eco-Friendly Homes : They
prevent heat from escaping in the winter and in summer obstructs heat from
in. Hence minimizes the waste of energy and reduces the cost dramatically. They
decrease fading of carpets, upholstery fabrics, any home decor accessories and
protects them from losing their qualities and colors.
• Patterned Glass Or Textured Glass : These glasses are also known as decorative glass
and have a wide range of patterns on it. It is basically used to diffuse rather than
blocking an object when viewing and is a popular choice for added privacy in a
or simply to add a decorative touch to a room.
• Clear Glass : The glass that provides a clear view of both outside as well as inside
can be used as a glass wall, glass dividers, sliding glass for doors and large windows.
Implementing the use of clear glass smartly would give a home unique, spectacular
and modern look that would exhibit spaciousness and freshness.
• Acoustic Glass : The acoustic glass basically consists of two or more sheets of glass,
that is bonded together, where the interlayers act as a noise controller. It weakens
sound as it travels through the glass. And is considered the best option for homes
constructed in crowded areas.
10MCT

11. PATTERNED GLASS OR
TEXTURED GLASS
11MCT

12. • Float Glass : Float glass gets its name from the procedure of forming molten glass into large, flat panels.
Throughout the process, molten glass is floated on the molten tin, producing a flat sizeable narrow glass panel .
first a sheet of glass until it’s trimmed, treated, improved and put to a framework — a starting material for the
window. It’s cheap, colorless glass as a good starting point for that which will end up quality windows, glass
and doors
• Obscured Glass : Obscured glass allow light to enter, but doesn’t permit people outside to see through. They
come frosted, etched, coated or designed so you cannot look over it and if you do it will look shadowy. It’s one
reason why it’s the hottest kind of glass for bathroom windows, shower doors and, entrance doors.
• Annealed Glass : The process of annealing is a slow careful and controlled procedure for cooling a panel of float
glass. The objective of this practice is to fortify the glass by cutting back on the stress caused by it by cooling it.
Annealed glass isn’t the perfect pick for windows since it’ll render shards and large sharp bits of glass if it’s broken.
• Insulated Glass : Insulated glass windows are optimized for energy efficiency. Maybe two or three panes of glass
with argon in the spaces between the panes. The glass panes within an insulated unit usually come tempered or
laminated.An insulated glass unit also features a desiccant component, ensuring condensation will not form
the panels, and you cannot wipe off. It’s terrific for exterior glass as it helps you maintain the cooling and heating
prices down.
• Low-e Glass : Low-e emissivity glass is specially formulated to reflect radiation. The low-e coating keeps infrared
beams out, while light filters through. Throughout the summer, the glass reflects the heat from your residence,
in winter, your indoor heating stays inside your home and won’t escape through the windows. It reduces cooling
heating expenses. Low-e glass could be a pricey asset; however, the savings in the future will be worth every
• Wired Glass : t’s not necessarily a security glass, but it’s a fire-resistant glass. Hospitals, schools, and other
industrial buildings use wired glass. The power of the wires assembled into the panes will support the glass in the
framework if it shatters under heat such as a building fire. Also, it could withstand a burst of a firefighter’s hose
without blowing off shards all over. While wired glassworks perfect for all industrial uses, it’s not for residential
homes.
• Heat-Strengthened Glass : To build heat-strengthened glass panels, the glass gets reheated above 1200 and
cooled. It doesn’t chill as fast as tempered glass, so it’s less reliable. Heat-strengthened glass remains robust, but it
might still break and shatter into sharp pieces. It’s not used for outside windows until it gets laminated.
MCT 12

13. MCT 13
INSULATED GLASS
ANNEALED GLASS
WIRED GLASS
FLOAT GLASS

14. MCT 14
OBSCURED GLASS
LOW-E GLASS

15. INSTALLATION OF GLASS
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhfwY9l8qw4 (GLASS TILES)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgV82FiqgBo (GLASS WINDOWS)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6Akr83DN9w (GLASS ROOF)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JV8nBPWWZD0 (SLIDING GLASS DOORS)
15MCT

16. ADVANTAGES OF USING GLASS IN INTERIOR DESIGN.
The glass that absorb, refracts or transmits light. It can be made transparent or translucent so it
adds extraordinary beauty to the building.
Glass transmits up to 80% of available natural day light in both directions without any
yellowing, clouding or weathering.
The glass is fully weather resistance so it can withstand the effects of the wind, rain, or the sun
and can retain its appearance and integrity.
Glass does not rust so it does not degrade gradually by chemical and surrounding environment
effects.
Glass has a smooth glossy surface so it is dust proof and can be easily cleaned.
Glass allows natural light to enter the house even if doors/windows are closed so thus it saves
energy and also lowers the electricity bills, brightens up the room and brings out the beauty of
the home, and most importantly it boosts the mood of occupant.
It is an excellent insulator against electricity as is impossible to conduct an electric current
under the influence of an electric field. 16MCT

17.  Available in varieties of colors and when we combine the glass sheet in laminated or insulated units, they change
in color and appearance.
 It can be blown, drawn and pressed to any shape and hence it is used for general glazing purposes in building,
shop fronts, building doors and windows and workshops. It is also used for furniture after being laminated with
plywood or metal sheet.
 Glass provides an ideal way to showcase a product.
 It is also with a deep understanding of glass science and by using fusion draw manufacturing process to lead the
display industry with its superior liquid crystal display (LCD) glass that fueled the electronics gadget screen
revolution.
 Glass is 100% recyclable and it does not degrade during the recycling process, hence it can be recycled again and
again without loss of quality or purity.
 The glass is UV stable, Since It is not attacked by ultraviolet radiation and hence cracks, discoloration or
disintegration will not occur.
 The glass is excellent abrasion resistant so it will resist surface wear caused by flat rubbing and contact with
another material.
 The glass is stable over a wide range of temperature so it is used for fireplace glass, high-temperature light lenses,
and wood burning stoves, cooking tops and high-temperature areas where low expansion is needed.
 It is unaffected by noise, air, water and most of the acids hence discoloration, alteration in the degree of shine,
softening, swelling, the detachment of coatings and blistering will not occur. Glass also protects against outside
barriers.
 Glass has the ability to make the structure look more stunning, sophisticated and adds beauty to the building. It is
used to achieve the architectural view for external decoration.
17MCT

18. Lead Glass :
• Lead glass is similar to soda-lime glass where lime is replaced by a larger part of lead oxide
(PbO). Lead glass typically contains 55–65 wt% SiO2,18–38 wt% of PbO, and 13–15 wt%
Na2OorK2O(Bauccio, 1994;Pfaender, 1996).
• Lead glass is usually used for decorative glassware. It is also included in special optical
for their high refractive index.
• The networks in lead glass are more complete than those in soda-lime glass and thus they
stronger and have less internal friction (Bloomfield, 2001).
• Lead oxide also makes the glass dense, hard, and X-ray absorbing, and therefore suitable
use in radiation shielding
Aluminosilicate Glass :
• Aluminosilicate glasses are usually prepared from a ternary system with a typical composition
52–58 wt% SiO2,15–25wt% ofAl2O3, and 4–18 wt% CaO (Bauccio, 1994). With low thermal
expansion and high softening temperature, this glass can tolerate high temperature better
than soda-lime glass and is used in thermometers, combustion tubes, cookware, halogen
lamps, furnaces , and fiberglass insulation.
18MCT

19. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASS
• Density :The density of glass is 2.5, which gives flat glass a mass of 2.5 kg per m2 per
mm of thickness, or 2500 kg per m3.
• Compressive strength : The compression strength of glass is extremely high: 1000
N/mm2 = 1000 MPa. This means that to shatter a 1 cm cube of glass, it requires a load
of some 10 tonnes.
• Tensile strength : When glass is deflected, it has one face under compression and the
other in tension. Whilst the resistance of glass to compression stress is extremely
high, its resistance to tensile stress is significantly lower.
• Elasticity : Glass is a perfectly elastic material: it does not exhibit
permanent deformation, until breakage. However it is fragile, and will break without
warning if subjected to excessive stress.
MCT 19

20. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF GLASS
• Transformation range : 520 - 550°C
• Temp & Softening temperature : approx. 600°C
• Contrary to solid bodies of crystalline structure, glass has no defined melting point. It continuously
from the solid state to the viscous plastic state. The transition range is called the transformation range and
according to DIN 52324 (ISO 7884), it lies between 520°C and 550°C. Tempering and bending require a
temperature of a further 100°C.
• Specific Heat : 0.8 J/g/K
• The specific heat (in joules) defines the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of float glass
by 1K. The specific heat of glass increases slightly the temperature is increased up to the transformation
• Thermal conductivity : 0.8W/mK
• Thermal conductivity determines the amount of heat required to flow through the cross sectional area of
float glass sample in unit time at a temperature gradient.
• Thermal expansion : 9.10-6 K-1
• There is a difference in the expansion behavior of a body under the effect of heat between linear expansion
and volumetric expansion. With solid bodies, the volumetric expansion is three times that of linear
The temperature coefficient of expansion for float glass is given according to DIN 52328 and ISO 7991.
• The main characteristics of glass are transparency, heat resistance, pressure and breakage resistance and
chemical resistance.
20MCT

21. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASS
• Glass has several strong points concerning optical properties:
- It can be produced in large and homogeneous panes
- Its optical properties are not affected by ageing
- It is produced with perfectly flat and parallel surfaces
• Refractive index n = 1.52
• If light from an optically less dense medium (air) meets an optically denser medium (glass),
then the light ray is split at the surface interfaces. The measure of deflection determines the
refractive index. For float glass, this refractive index is n=1.52.
• The main characteristics of glass are transparency, heat resistance, pressure and breakage
resistance and chemical resistance.
21MCT

22. APPLICATION OF GLASS IN
INTERIORS
• The extensive range of decorative glass can be used in
interiors and for furniture.
• Typical applications vary from wall cladding to shower
screens, doors (sliding or fixed doors for wardrobes and
furniture, entrance doors for buildings), partitions,
mirrors, balustrades, floors and ceilings. Depending on
the desired application and current standards.
• Products can be laminated, toughened, fire-resistant or
covered with a safety film.
22MCT

23. USES OF GLASS IN INTERIOR DESIGN
There are some materials that are versatile and may be used in different ways in interior
design. Glass is one such material.
• Roof
• Floor
• Canopy and Tent
• Pools
• Windows and Doors
• Elevator
• Stairs
• Partitions
• Furniture
• Wall Panels
• Banisters
• Parapets
• Decorative element
23MCT

24. GLASS IN FURNITURE
GLASS IN ROOF GLASS DOORS
GLASS WINDOWSGLASS IN FLOORINGGLASS IN STAIRS
AND BANISTERS
24MCT

25. GLASS POOLS GLASS CANOPY
GLASS IN TENTS
GLASS ELEVATORS
GLASS PARTITION 25MCT

26. PURPOSE OF USING GLASS IN INTERIOR
DESIGN
Glass is an element that helps us to achieve this goal of creating an empty space. Its
transparency let's light through, giving us the feeling that space it is empty and
spacious, transforming what could be a dark and gloomy interior.
It's the optimal solution for a room that receives too little light.
26MCT

27. DIFFERENT SIZES AND THICKNESS.
27MCT

28. 28MCT

29. MARKET RATES OF GLASS
29MCT

30. 30MCT

31. ANY QUESTIONS?
31MCT

32. THANK YOU
32MCT

33. WHAT IS A FLOAT GLASS?
• Float glass is a sheet of glass made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten
metal, typically tin, although lead and other various low-melting-point alloys were
used in the past. This method gives the sheet uniform thickness and very flat
Modern windows are made from float glass.
• Ordinary glass is emerald green, transparency is not high, it easy to occur
and aging under rain. Clear float glass is dark green, smooth surface without ripples,
perspective is good, it has a certain toughness.
33MCT

34. HOW GLASS IS GOOD FOR THE
ENVIRONMENT
• When glass breaks down, it remains safe and stable, and releases no harmful
chemicals into the soil. So even when glass isn't recycled, it does minimal harm to
the environment. ... Of course, when it comes to recycling, glass is among the most
recyclable materials on the planet – 100 percent recyclable
• glass is a more natural substance and requires less energy to manufacture and recycle
34MCT

35. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASS
• Density : 2500 kg/m3
• A 4mm thick pane of glass weighs 10kg/m2
• Hardness : 470 HK
• The hardness of float glass is established according to Knoop.
• Compression resistance : 800 - 1000 MPa
• The compression strength defines the ability of a material to resist a load applied vertically to its surface
• Modulus of elasticity : 70 000 MPa
• The modulus of elasticity is either determined from the elastic elongation of a thin bar, or from bending a
with a round or rectangular cross section.
• Bending strength : 45 MPa
• The bending strength of a material is a measure of its resistance during deflection. It is determined by
bending tests on glass plate using the double ring method according to DIN EN 1288-5.
• The main characteristics of glass are transparency, heat resistance, pressure and breakage resistance and
chemical resistance.
35MCT