Colon-specific drug delivery systems (CDDS) aim to release drugs in the colon to treat diseases localized in the region. The colon offers advantages for drug absorption and many approaches have been developed. CDDS rely on the colon's distinct pH, transit time, microflora and enzymes to trigger drug release. They include pH-sensitive coatings, prodrugs, polysaccharide matrices and time-delayed systems. In vitro and in vivo tests evaluate release profiles under gastrointestinal conditions while imaging techniques track systems in the colon. CDDS provide localized treatment with fewer side effects compared to traditional therapies.
This PPt Help Students For Improving Their Konwledge about Colon Drug Delivery. In this PPt I Covered All Essential Points About Colon Targeted Drug Delivery System.
This PPt Help Students For Improving Their Konwledge about Colon Drug Delivery. In this PPt I Covered All Essential Points About Colon Targeted Drug Delivery System.
This presentation includes introduction, physiology of GIT, factors affecting GRDDS, Advantages and disadvantages, approaches to GRDDS and their mechanism, some of the marketed products using GRDDS mechanism.
Introduction to colon drug delivery,Anatomy n physiology of colon,Factors affectind colon DDS,Limitations,Advantages,Approches to colon DDS,Evaluation of CDDS
GASTRO RETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (GRDDS)JayeshRajput7
Gastro retentive drug delivery system which includes, principles concepts, advantages and disadvantages of GRDDS, Modulation of GI transit time, Approaches to extend GI transit, Buccal drug delivery systems, Principle of muco adhesion, advantages and disadvantages of GRDDS, Mechanism of drug permeation, Methods of formulation and its evaluations.
Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS)Shweta Nehate
Oral route is the most acceptable route for drug administration. Apart from conventional dosage forms several other forms were developed in order to enhance the drug delivery for prolonged time period and for delivering drug to a particular target site. Gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) has gainned immense popularity in the field of oral drug delivery recently. it is a widely employed approach to retain the dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time and release the drug slowly that can address many challenges associated with conventional oral delivery, including poor bioavailability. different innovative approaches are being applied to fabricate GRDDS. Gastroretentive drug delivery is an approach to prolong gastric residence time, there by targeting site-specific drugs release in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for local or systemic effects. It is obtained by retaining dosage form into stomach and by releasing the in controlled manner.
This presentation includes introduction, physiology of GIT, factors affecting GRDDS, Advantages and disadvantages, approaches to GRDDS and their mechanism, some of the marketed products using GRDDS mechanism.
Introduction to colon drug delivery,Anatomy n physiology of colon,Factors affectind colon DDS,Limitations,Advantages,Approches to colon DDS,Evaluation of CDDS
GASTRO RETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (GRDDS)JayeshRajput7
Gastro retentive drug delivery system which includes, principles concepts, advantages and disadvantages of GRDDS, Modulation of GI transit time, Approaches to extend GI transit, Buccal drug delivery systems, Principle of muco adhesion, advantages and disadvantages of GRDDS, Mechanism of drug permeation, Methods of formulation and its evaluations.
Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS)Shweta Nehate
Oral route is the most acceptable route for drug administration. Apart from conventional dosage forms several other forms were developed in order to enhance the drug delivery for prolonged time period and for delivering drug to a particular target site. Gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) has gainned immense popularity in the field of oral drug delivery recently. it is a widely employed approach to retain the dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time and release the drug slowly that can address many challenges associated with conventional oral delivery, including poor bioavailability. different innovative approaches are being applied to fabricate GRDDS. Gastroretentive drug delivery is an approach to prolong gastric residence time, there by targeting site-specific drugs release in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for local or systemic effects. It is obtained by retaining dosage form into stomach and by releasing the in controlled manner.
Regenerative Medicine: Impact of Convergence on Drug, Device, and Biologics D...MaRS Discovery District
Speaker Dr. Annemarie Moseley, CEO of Aggregate Therapeutics (Palo Alto) explores how drug-device combination products are altering the medical practice from development to regulation to treatment.
Part of the MaRS Emerging Technologies Event Series. More information on the series can be found here:
http://www.marsdd.com/emergingtech/
Biological membranes as a barriers to drugs(pH trapping)Freya Cardozo
Transport of drugs across the membrane, Passive Diffusion, carrier mediated, Facilitated, Endocytosis, Ion transport and pH trapping.
Blood brain barrier and(BBB) stratergies to overcome BBB
Targeted drug delivery into the colon is highly desirable for local treatment of a variety of bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, amoebiasis, colonic cancer, local treatment of colonic pathologies, and systemic delivery of protein and peptide drugs, NSAIDs, steroids.
The colon is believed to be a suitable absorption site for peptides and protein drugs for the following reasons; (i) less diversity, and intensity of digestive enzymes, (ii) less proteolytic activity of colon mucosa than that of small intestine.
CRITERIA: Drugs used for local effects in colon against GIT diseases.
Drugs poorly absorbed from upper GIT.
Drugs for colon cancer.
Drugs that degrade in stomach and small intestine.
Drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism.
Drugs for targeting.
Biopharmaceutics classification system class 1Aloysiatreslyn
Biopharmaceutics classification system class
defination,bcs,class1 drugs,physiochemical parameters,advantages,disadvantages,list of drugs,formulaton consideration,solubility,permability,disssolution etc .The Biopharmaceutics Classification System is a system to differentiate the drugs on the basis of their solubility and permeability. This system restricts the prediction using the parameters solubility and intestinal permeability.
Biopharmaceutical system , methods of permeability , generic biologics, gener...Siddhapura Pratik
Biopharmaceutical classification system, methods of permeability, generic biologics ( biosimilar drug product), clinical significance of bioequivalence studies , special concerns in bioavailability and bioequivalence studies , Generic substitution
microspheres,types, advantages and disadvantages,methods of preparation, evaluation or characterization of microspheres and applications of microspheres in various pharmaceutical fields.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
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Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. CONTENTS
•Introduction
•Anatomy & Physiology of Colon
•Factors governing the colon drug delivery
•Colon absorption
•The major functions
•Advantages
•Pharmaceutical Approaches for Targeting Drugs to Colon
•Platform Technologies for CTDDS
•Evaluation
•Conclusion
3. Introduction:
Colon as a site for drug delivery.
Colon was considered as BLACK-BOX as most of the
drugs are absorbed from upper part of the GI tract.
The site specific delivery of drugs to lower parts of the GIT
is advantage for localized treatment of several colonic
diseases(IDB).
The CDDS drug release and absorption should not occur in
the stomach as well as small intestine, but only released and
absorbed once the system reaches to the colon.
4. Why is CDDS needed?
Ensure direct treatment at the disease site.
Lower dosing and less side effects.
Beneficial in the treatment of colon diseases.
Suitable absorption site for protein and peptide drugs.
Used to prolong the drug therapy.
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur (M.P.)
5. ANATOmy & PhySiOlOgy Of
COlON
GIT:
•Stomach
•Small intestine
•Large intestine
COLON:
Colon
Rectum
Anal canal
Colon consists:
• Cecum
• Ascending colon
• Transverse colon
• Descending colon
• Sigmoid colon
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
8. Factors governing the colon drug delivery
Gastrointestinal transit
Small intestinal transit
Colonic transit
Gastric emptying
Stomach and intestinal pH
Colonic micro flora and enzymes
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
9. pH of GIT:
LOCATION Ph
1.STOMACH: 1.5-2.0
Fasted 3.0-5.0
Fed 5.0-6.5
2.SMALL INTESTINE: 6.0-7.5
Jejunum 6.4
Ileum 6.7-7.3
3.LARGE INTESTINE: 6.5-7.0
Right colon 6.6-7.0
Mid colon 6.6
Left colon 7.0
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
10. Drug absorption in the colon
Drug molecules pass from the apical to
basolateral surface of the epithelial cell by
1. Transcellular - Passing through colonocytes.
2. paracellular - Passing between adjacent
colonocytes.
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
11. ThE mAjOr fuNCTiONS
The absorptive capacity is very high; each day about 2000
ml of fluid enters the colon through the ileocecal valve from
which more than 90% of the fluid is absorbed.
Creation of a suitable environment for the growth of colonic
microorganisms, such as Bacteroides, Eubacterium, and
Enterobacteriaceae.
Expulsion of the contents of the colon at a suitable time.
Absorption of water and Na+ from the lumen, concentrating
the fecal content, and secretion of K+ ions
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
12. AdvANTAgES
Drugs are directly available at the target site.
Comparatively lesser amount of required dose.
Decreased side effects.
Improved drug utilization.
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
13. Pharmaceutical Approaches for Targeting
Drugs to Colon
pH sensitive systems
Microbially triggered system
◦ Prodrugs
◦ Polysaccharide based systems
Timed release systems
Osmotically controlled drug delivery
systems
Pressure dependent release systems
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
14. pH sensitive systems
Solid formulations for colonic delivery that are
based on pH-dependent drug release mechanism
are similar to conventional enteric-coated
formulations.
Utilize enteric polymers that have relatively
higher threshold pH for dissolution.
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
15. Polymers
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
17. miCrObiAlly TriggErEd SySTEmS
Bacterial count in the colon is much
higher around 1011-1012 CFU/ml.
400 species
Fundamentally anaerobic in nature.
Predominant species: Bacteroides,
Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium.
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
18. Major metabolic processes occurring in the colon
are hydrolysis and reduction
ENzymES iN COlON
Reducing enzymes Hydrolytic enzymes
Nitroreductase Esterases
Azoreductase Amidases
N-oxide reductase Glycosidases
Sulphoxide reductase Glucuronidase
Hydrogenase Sulfatase
Azoreductases, which reduces azo-bonds selectively and
Polysaccharidases which degrades the polysaccharides
.
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
19. AzObONd PrOdrugS
Hydrolysis of sulphasalazine (i) into 5-aminosalicylic acid (ii) and
sulfapyridine (iii). B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
21. NATurAl POlySACChAridES AS
POlymEr fOr COlON drug
dElivEry
Chitoson
Pectin
Guar gum
Chondroitin sulphate
Dextran
Almond gum
Locust bean gum
Cyclodextrins
Inulin
Boswellia gum
Khaya gum B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
24. Mixed Film Coated Tablets
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
25. TimEd rElEASE SySTEmS
Releases the drug after a predetermined
lag time
The lag time usually starts after gastric
emptying because most of the time-
controlled formulations are enteric
coated
Drug release from these systems is not
pH dependent
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
26. B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
27. OSmOTiCAlly CONTrOllEd drug
dElivEry SySTEmS
Delivery port
Rigid semi permeable membrane
Osmotic agent layer
Fluid to be pumped
Depend up on the osmotic pressure exerted by Depend
osmogen on drug compartment with which though drug get
released slowly though the orifice
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
28. Pressure DePenDent release
systems
Relies on the relatively strong peristaltic waves
in the colon that lead to an increased luminal
pressure, in response to raised pressure of the
colon the dosage form get ruptured and release
the drug at desired site
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
29. Platform Technologies for
CTDDS
• PULSINCAP
• OROS-CT
• CODESTM
• CHRONOTROPIC® SYSTEM
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
30. PULSINCAP
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
31. OrOS-CT
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
32. COdES Tm
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
33. ChrONOTrOPiC® SySTEm
Enteric coat
Drug containing core
HPMC Coat
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
34. EvAluATiON
Invitro models
Invitro test for intactness of coating and carriers in simulated
conditions of stomach and intestine
step1
Drug release study in 0.1N HCL for 2 hours (mean gastric
emptying)
step 2
Drug release study in phosphate buffer for 3 hours (mean
small intestine transit time)
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
35. In vitro enzymatic degradation
test
Method 1:
Drug release in buffer medium containing enzymes(e.g.pectinase,
dextranase) or rat or guinea pig or rabbit decal contents
Amount of drug release in particular time directly proportional to
the rate of degradation of polymer carrier.
Method 2:
Incubating carrier drug system in fermenter
Suitable medium containing colonic bacteria (streptococcus
faecium or B.ovatus)
Amount of drug released at different time intervels determined .
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
36. Clinical evaluation of
colon-specific drug
delivery system
• Gamma Scintigraphy
• High-frequency capsule
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
37. Gamma Scintigraphy showing the spread of the tracer all
along the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid
colon
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
38. High-frequency capsule method:
Therelative BA of CDDS can be evaluated by high
frequency capsules
smoth plastic capsule containing
small latex bollon, drug and
radiotracer taken orally
Triggering system
(high frequency generator)
Release of drug and radiotracer
Triggered by an impules, the release is monitered
In different parts of GIT by
Radiological localization
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
39. CONCluSiON
The colonic region of the GIT has become an
increasingly important site for drug delivery and
absorption.
CDDS offers therapeutic benefits to patients in both
local and systemic treatment.
Systems utilize natural materials that are degraded by
colonic bacterial enzymes.
Colon provides favorable factors and conditions for
designing of delivery systems.
High commercial viability. Increasing number of
international patents and research work in this particular
mode of drug delivery itself shows its potential for
pharmaceutical market.
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
40. S.P. Vyas, R.K. Khar ; controlled Drug Delivery
N.K.JAIN; Progress in controlled and novel drug
delivery systems.
Vincent H.L. Lee and Suman k. Mukherjee ;
Encyclopedia of pharmaceutical Technology. Edi 2007
Van den Mooter G. V., Kinget R, (1995) Oral colon-
specific drug delivery: a review DrugDeliv, 2: 81-93.
Sarasija S, Hota A. (2002) Colon-specific drug delivery
systems. Ind J Pharm Sci. 62(1):1-8.
Colon targeted drug delivery system: A Review on
primary and novel approaches.Oman Medical J,volume
25, issue 2, april2010.
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)
41. Colon-specific drug delivery system:
IJPS,2000,62,1-8.
Oral colon targeted delivery systems for
treatment of IBD: synthesis,in vitro and invivo
assessment-IJPharm 358(2008)248-255.
Novel Pharmaceutical Approaches for Colon
Drug Delivery: An overview- Journal of
Pharmacy Research, july-sep 2008
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(M.P.)
42. ThANK yOu
B R Nahata College of Pharmacy Mandsaur
(M.P.)