The document discusses different methods of coastal management used to reduce erosion and protect coastlines. Hard engineering options like sea walls, groynes, and revetments aim to reduce erosion but are expensive and can damage the environment. Soft engineering options like beach nourishment, managed retreat, and beach reshaping are often more sustainable and cost-effective but provide only temporary protection. The document provides details on each method, including how they work, advantages, and disadvantages.
A presentation for Marine Biology about Estuaries which includes its origin, classifications, types, physical characteristics, ecosystems, and human impact. Examples of estuaries are also included in this presentation.
It is my academic presentation file which I presented with my friend in the last semester exam. It describe the major estuaries in Bangladesh. Also input these estuaries geographical location , characteristics , physio - chemical parameters , species abundance ,importance etc. ...
A presentation for Marine Biology about Estuaries which includes its origin, classifications, types, physical characteristics, ecosystems, and human impact. Examples of estuaries are also included in this presentation.
It is my academic presentation file which I presented with my friend in the last semester exam. It describe the major estuaries in Bangladesh. Also input these estuaries geographical location , characteristics , physio - chemical parameters , species abundance ,importance etc. ...
Steve Brace opening #TMRGS presentation on value of geographyMrs Coles
Steve Brace (Head of Education at RGS) sharing the value of Geography, how 10% of all PLC business is down to OS data, that geographers are employable, etc. #tMRGS
Richard Maurice's #TMRGS presentation on developing questioningMrs Coles
Richard Maurice's presentation for Teachmeet RGS about developing questioning, that the 5Ws are not enough, subverting the 5minute lesson plan for use by students
Ewan Laurie #TMRGS presentation Hijack geographyMrs Coles
Ewan Laurie's presentation for RGS Teachmeet about getting other people teaching geography across school, pop-up classrooms, and taking over the school!
Jamie Buchanan-Dunlop Digital Explorer #TMRGS presentationMrs Coles
RGS Teachmeet presentation by Jamie Buchanan-Dunlop about Digital Explorer, Catlin Seavie Survey, oceans learning, bring the outdoors into classrooms, skype in the classroom, citizenship, oceans, geography, etc.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
3. Some coastlines are under threat of erosion
causing cliffs to retreat and beach material to be
lost. Others are at risk from coastal flooding.
In many cases the decision has been made to
try and reduce the erosion to protect the
coastline. This is called COASTAL
MANAGEMENT.
Coastal Management = The attempt by
people to maintain the natural features of
the coast for their own advantage
4. Types ofTypes of
CoastalCoastal
ManagementManagement
HARDHARD
ENGINEERINGENGINEERING
Hard engineeringHard engineering
options tend to beoptions tend to be
expensiveexpensive andand
short-termshort-term..
They may alsoThey may also
have a high impacthave a high impact
on the landscapeon the landscape
or environment.or environment.
SOFTSOFT
ENGINEERINGENGINEERING
Soft engineeringSoft engineering
options are oftenoptions are often
less expensiveless expensive thanthan
hard engineeringhard engineering
options.options.
They are usuallyThey are usually
alsoalso more long-more long-
term andterm and
sustainablesustainable, with, with
less impact on theless impact on the
environment.environment.
5.
6. Very commonly used
They help build up beach
material by preventing
longshore drift.
Groynes are small scale
solutions and are cheaper
than sea walls.
Groynes reduce sediment
loss from LSD, which may
have an effect on areas
downcoast (as these areas
might get starved of
material and their beaches
get smaller).
They have a short lifespan.
GROYNES – Wooden/concrete barriers built at
right angles to the beach.
7. Vertical or sloping walls, built along the
shoreline
Usually made of concrete.
They concentrate wave energy and
reflect it back at the sea.
Often controversial as they are ugly
and can be destroyed eventually.
Waves scour at the bases of the walls
& eventually undermine them, causing
failure. As a result, seawalls only
provide temporary protection before
needing replacement.
They are expensive.
The wall receives maximum impact
which weakens the structure.
SEA WALLSSEA WALLS
8. Designed to reduce the energy of the waves
The structures absorb the
energy of the waves
before they reach the
cliffs. This method
prevents wave scour.
Allow sediment to pass
through them, which
means that LSD is not
stopped.
They are also very
cheap, but they do need
to be replaced quite
often & can be regarded
as ugly.
REVETMENTSREVETMENTS
9. • Large boulders that are lain
against the cliff / on the beach like
a wall
• They are permeable structures
so allow water through but they
are able to dissipate wave
energy by absorbing the
impact of the waves.
• Boulders are much cheaper than
sea walls & are longer lasting.
• However, some consider them
ugly & can reduce the
recreational value of the beach.
• They can also act as groynes &
can prevent LSD
Rock Armour (Rip-Rap)
10. • Similar to the Rip-rap method of
protection (they dissipate wave
energy etc).
• However, gabions use smaller
rocks and are encased in a
wire mesh
• Potential problems arise when
the wire mesh breaks (risk of
injury) and could also say that
they are pretty ugly.
• Gabions may not last for a long
period of time (5-10 years)
GABIONSGABIONS
11.
12. Replacement of sand/pebbles on
eroding beaches.
Beaches are the best natural
protection against erosion as they
dissipate wave energy
The best example is the nourishment
of beaches at Miami Beach where
17.7 million m³ of sediment was built
up
The problem with beach nourishment
is that one severe storm event may
remove vast amounts of the
expensive sediment.
Short life span
Beach Nourishment / ReplenishmentBeach Nourishment / Replenishment
13. Beach reshaping.
•Sand dunes and cliffs are a
natural sea defence.
•They dissipate wave energy
and protect the area behind
from flooding.
•They are stabilised by
fences or by planting grasses
to hold the sand and rocks
together.
•This is cheap and effective
but easily damaged by people
if not maintained and have a
short life span
14. MANAGED RETREATMANAGED RETREAT
•This is where in certain areas, the
sea is allowed to reclaim (flood)
the land that was once covered by
the sea.
•This often means that farmland is
lost, but the pressure of floods are
reduced because it creates salt
marshes that can be flooded and
can absorb the energy.
•A natural and long-term sustainable
solution.
•Does require compensation for land
that is lost.
15. Sea Wall
Do nothing –
managed retreat
Beach
Renourishment
Groynes
Cliff reshaping
Beach
Renourishment
Rock Armour
16. Method How does it work? Advantages Disadvantages
Groynes
Sea Wall
Revetments
Rock Armour
Gabions
Beach
renourishment
Beach reshaping
Managed Retreat
17. Dorset tripDorset trip
• Working in groups of 3
• Look through the booklet of activities
• Timeline for the day (important = meet in
North carpark @ 0745, return @ 1700)
• What to bring?