This document provides an overview of a geotechnical engineering laboratory class on conducting a consolidation test on cohesive soil. The consolidation test is used to determine key soil properties like preconsolidation stress, compression index, recompression index, and coefficient of consolidation. The procedure involves placing a saturated soil sample in a consolidometer, applying incremental loads, and measuring the change in height over time to generate consolidation curves. Students will perform the test, calculate soil properties from the results, and include 10 plots and calculations in a laboratory report.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Introduction
Geostatic Stresses
Boussinesq’s Equation
Vertical Stresses Under A Circular Area
Vertical Stresses Under A Rectangular Area
Equation Point Load Method
Newmark’s Influence Chart
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
DERIVATION OF EQUATION TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS
Download vedio link
https://youtu.be/imy61hU0_yo
Geotechnical Engineering-II [Lec #3: Direct Shear Test)Muhammad Irfan
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Introduction
Geostatic Stresses
Boussinesq’s Equation
Vertical Stresses Under A Circular Area
Vertical Stresses Under A Rectangular Area
Equation Point Load Method
Newmark’s Influence Chart
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
DERIVATION OF EQUATION TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS
Download vedio link
https://youtu.be/imy61hU0_yo
Geotechnical Engineering-II [Lec #3: Direct Shear Test)Muhammad Irfan
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
FIELD AND THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF ACCELERATED SETTLEMENT USING VERTICAL DRAINS ijiert bestjournal
Mumbai is the region consisting of soft compressibl e marine clay deposits. There are several construction problems on such soils and thu s ground improvement need to be carried out. Vertical drains is generally preferred technique as accelerated settlement is achieved during the construction phase itself. The concept of vertical drains is based on three dimensional consolidation as described by Ter zaghi (1943). Based on this concept,a settlement programme is being developed and an at tempt is made to determine the field to laboratory coefficient of vertical consoli dation ratio by methods proposed by Taylor and Asaoka (1978) for this region by conside ring the case studies namely 1.) Mulund Airoli Bridge approach embankment 2.) Palm B each Marg. Based on this ratio,the rate of consolidation and time required for con solidation in the field can be determined knowing the consolidation parameters.
Determination of consolidation properties (like CV, CC, CS, t90, mv, av) of the given soil specimen (Dhanauri Clay) by conducting one-dimensional consolidation test using fixed ring type setup.
Learning Outcomes:-
1. From consolidation test, the following information can be determined:
a) Amount of settlement experienced by a soil-structure after load application
b) Rate of consolidation of soil under a normal load
c) Degree of consolidation at any time
d) Pressure void ratio relationship
e) Coefficient of consolidation at various successively increasing pressure
f) Permeability of soil at various stages of loading
g) Compression index of soil
2. The general procedure for laboratory evaluation of consolidation characteristics of soils involves a one-dimensional consolidation.
This is necessary because of:
• Difficulty of instrumentation for recording volume change and natural strains.
• Complexities in mathematical analysis of three-dimensional consolidation.
3. The underlying assumptions in the derivation of the mathematical equations are as follows:
• The clay layer is homogeneous.
• The clay layer is saturated, the compression of the soil layer is due to the change in volume only, which in turn, is due to the squeezing out of water from the void spaces.
• Darcy’s law is valid.
• Deformation of soil occurs only in the direction of the load application.
4. Effects of ring friction
• During loading reduce stress acted on the specimen, specimen compresses less.
• During rebound reduce the swelling tendency specimen swell less.
• Flatten the swelling curve at low stress level.
5. Resultant Cv decreases with increasing stress, implying its NC clay.
6. Sample was preserved in polybag to check loss of moisture content.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Class 7 Consolidation Test ( Geotechnical Engineering )
1. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
CE 3121: Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory
Class 7
Consolidation Test on Cohesive Soil
Sources:
Soil Mechanics – Laboratory Manual, B.M. DAS (Chapter 17)
2. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Consolidation
Definitions & Introduction
Significance
Consolidation vs Compaction
Type of Consolidations
One-Dimensional Consolidation Test
Definition
Procedure
Graphs and results
Class Outlines
3. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Consolidation - Definition
Consolidation refers to the compression or
settlement that soils undergo as a response of
placing loads onto the ground
These loads produce corresponding increases
in the vertical effective stress, sv’
Consolidation is a time-dependent process, in
some soils it may take long time (100 years ?)
to achieve complete settlement
4. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Significance
The amount of soil volume change that will occur is
often one of the governing design criteria of a
project
If the settlement is not kept to tolerable limit, the
desire use of the structure may be impaired and
the design life of the structure may be reduced
It is therefore important to have a mean of
predicting the amount of soil compression or
consolidation
It is also important to know the rate of consolidation
as well as the total consolidation to be expected
5. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Consolidation - Case Study
Palacio de las Bellas, Artes, Mexico City
Total settlement = 9ft
The Leaning Tower of Pisa
6. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Consolidation - Introduction
The compression is caused by:
Deformation of soil particles
Relocations of soil particles
Expulsion of water or air from void spaces
Most of the settlement of a structure on clay is
mainly due to volumetric changes and rarely
due to shear strain.
8. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Consolidation (cont.)
During consolidation, pore water or the water in the
voids of saturated clay gets squeezed out – reducing
the volume of the clay – hence causing settlement
called as consolidation settlement
The spring
analogy to
consolidation.
9. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Voids
Voids
Solids
H
Vv = eVs
V
s
c
e
Vv = (e - e)Vs
V
s
Solids
sz
′
sz
′
sz0
′
sz0
′
sz0
′
sz0
′
}sz f
′
}sz f
′
Before After
Consolidation (cont.)
10. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Types of Consolidation
There are three types of consolidation:
Immediate consolidation; caused by elastic
deformation of dry soil or moist and saturated
soil without change in moisture content
Primary consolidation; caused as a result of
volume change in saturated cohesive soils
due to exclusion of water occupied the void
spaces
Secondary consolidation; occurs in saturated
cohesive soils as a result of the plastic
adjustment of soil fabrics
11. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Types of Consolidation (cont.)
Clayey soils undergo consolidation settlement not
only under the action of “external” loads (surcharge
loads) but also under its own weight or weight of soils
that exist above the clay (geostatic loads).
Clayey soils also undergo settlement when
dewatered (e.g., ground water pumping) – because
the effective stress on the clay increases
Coarse-grained soils DO NOT undergo consolidation
settlement due to relatively high hydraulic
conductivity compared to clayey soils. Instead,
coarse-grained soils undergo IMMEDIATE
settlement.
12. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
1- D Consolidation Test
The main purpose of consolidation tests is to obtain
soil data which is used in predicting the rate and
amount of settlement of structures founded on clay.
The four most important soil properties determined by
a consolidation test are:
The pre-consolidation stress, sp’, This is the maximum
stress that the soil has “felt” in the past.
The compression index, Cc , which indicates the
compressibility of a normally-consolidated soil.
The recompression index, Cr , which indicates the
compressibility of an over-consolidated soil.
The coefficient of consolidation, cv , which indicates the
rate of compression under a load increment.
13. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Test Results
B
sp
Cr
Cc
Recompression
Index
Compression
Index
Pre-Consolidation
Stress
14. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Consolidation Test
Two types of consolidometers (oedometers)
commonly used:
Floating-ring
Fixed ring
This lab uses the fixed-ring consolidometer
ASTM D 2435
17. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Laboratory Consolidation Test
sv
sv
Solids
Voids
Solids
Voids
Vs
Vv
Vv
Vs
1 Place sample in ring
2 Apply load
3 Measure height change
4 Repeat for new load
V
Confining
stress
Before After
18. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Procedure
Measure the inner diameter and height of the
consolidation cutter/ring and record its mass
Prepare a soil specimen for the test by trimming and
placing the soil in the ring
Determine the mass of ring + soil
Collect some excess soil for moisture content
Assume Gs = 2.7
Saturate the lower (larger) porous stone on the base of
the consolidometer
Place the specimen and ring and place the upper
stone/disk Follow the rest in your lab manual
Place 1.5 kg (1st day), 3kg (2nd day), 6kg (3rd day), 12kg
(4th day)
19. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
http://www.uic.edu/classes/cemm/cemmlab/Experiment%2011-Consolidation.pdf#search='consolidation%20test'
20. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Calculations and Graphs - v vs w(time)
Plot of Vertical Displacement vs. Time
(P = 1000 psf)
0.42
0.4205
0.421
0.4215
0.422
0.4225
0.423
0.4235
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
Tim e (m in 0.5
)
Displacement(in)
21. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
v vs wtime Graph – Find t90
Plot of Vertical Displacement vs. Time
(P = 1000 psf)
0.42
0.4205
0.421
0.4215
0.422
0.4225
0.423
0.4235
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
Time (min 0.5
)
Displacement(in)
t90 = 2.5 m in0.5
1
2 3
4
5
t90
d0
B DC
CD = 1.15 BC
A
22. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Calculation and Graph – v vs log(time)
Logarithm of time curve fitting
0.42
0.4205
0.421
0.4215
0.422
0.4225
0.423
0.4235
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Time (min) - log Scale
VerticalDisplacement(in)
23. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
v vs log(time) Graph – Find t50
Logarithm of time curve fitting
0.42
0.4205
0.421
0.4215
0.422
0.4225
0.423
0.4235
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Tim e (m in) - log Scale
VerticalDisplacement(in)
d100 = 0.42065
t 1
t 2 = 4t 1
1
2
A
3
5
4 X 6
X
7
d0 = 0.42305
8
d50=0.5(d0+d100)=0.42185
d50 9
d0
d100
t50 = 10.2 m in
10
24. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Calculation
Determine the height of
solids (Hs) of the
specimen in the mold
Determine the change
in height (H)
Determine the final
specimen height, Ht(f)
Determine the height of
voids (Hv)
Determine the final void
ratio
ws
s
s
GD
W
H
2
4
sftv HHH )(
s
v
H
H
e
25. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Calculation (cont.)
Calculate the coefficient
of consolidation (cv)
from t90
Calculate the coefficient
of consolidation (cv)
from t50
Plot e-log p curve and
find:
sc, Cc, Cr
Plot cv – log p curves
2
90
H
tc
T v
v
2
50
H
tc
T v
v
26. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Calculation Sample (Ex. pp.121)
Eq 17.2
1(in) - Hs
Hv = Hi - Hs
Hi
e = Hv / Hs
(1.0 + 0.9917) / 2 (0.848 x 0.99592)/(4 x 302)
t90
28. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
In Your Report
Plot all curves find t90 and t50 (10 plots)
Show your calculations in a table and find
e, cv (t90), cv (t50)
Plot e vs. log (p) and determine:
Pc
Cc
Cr
Plot cv vs. log (p) (2 plots)