This document discusses a geotechnical engineering laboratory experiment on determining the moisture-unit weight relationship of soil through compaction testing. It describes the standard Proctor compaction test procedure which involves compacting soil in layers in a mold using a hammer. A compaction curve is plotted showing the relationship between dry unit weight and moisture content, with the maximum dry unit weight and optimum moisture content identified. It also describes the modified Proctor compaction test which simulates higher compaction efforts and the use of compaction test specifications in field construction.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
This presentation is all about consolidation of soil and it's importance in Civil Engineering, co-efficients of consolidation, methods of determining co-efficient of consolidation, Terzaghi's Spring Analogy, Terzaghi's Theory
Soils and rocks have unique and distinct engineering properties.
Engineering properties of soils and rocks are very essential parameters to be analysed for several technical reasons.
Properties of these materials may not only pose problems but also give solutions to solve the problems.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
This presentation is all about consolidation of soil and it's importance in Civil Engineering, co-efficients of consolidation, methods of determining co-efficient of consolidation, Terzaghi's Spring Analogy, Terzaghi's Theory
Soils and rocks have unique and distinct engineering properties.
Engineering properties of soils and rocks are very essential parameters to be analysed for several technical reasons.
Properties of these materials may not only pose problems but also give solutions to solve the problems.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
This presentation focuses on the significance of soil compaction (particularly the Proctor Test), how the test is performed, necessary equipment and helpful tips.
Geotechnical Engineering-I [Lec #14: Lab Compaction of Soil]Muhammad Irfan
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Experimental and Analytical Study on Uplift Capacity -Formatted Paper.pdfSamirsinh Parmar
Horizontal Plate Anchor,
Cohesion less soil,
Uplift anchor,
The uplift capacity of the anchor,
Breakout factor,
ground anchors,
Experimental analysis,
Analytical Verification,
Embedment Ratio
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
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This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Class 4 Soil Compaction ( Geotechnical Engineering )
1. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
CE 3121: Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory
Class 4
Determining Moisture-Unit Weight Relations of Soil
(Compaction Test)
Sources:
Soil Mechanics – Laboratory Manual, B. M. DAS (Chapters 6, 7)
Matthew A. Dettman, P.E: http://www.wku.edu/~matthew.dettman/
2. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Standard Proctor Compaction Test
Effect of Compaction Energy
Modified Proctor Compaction Test
Specification for Field Compaction
Class Outlines
3. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Compaction
In construction of highway embankments,
earth dams and many other engineering
structures, loose soils must be compacted to
improve their strength by increasing their unit
weight
Compaction - Densification of soil by removing
air voids using mechanical equipment
The degree of compaction is measured in
terms of its dry unit weight
4. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Compaction Effect
Solids
Air
Water
Solids
Air
Water
Loose soil Compacted soil
5. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Compaction Advantages
As compaction increases, the following
occurs:
Increase soil strength
Increase bearing capacity
Decrease potential for settlement
Control undesirable volume changes
Reduction in hydraulic conductivity
6. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Effect of Water on Compaction
In soils, compaction is a function of water content
Water added to the soil during compaction acts as a
softening agent on the soil particles
Consider 0% moisture - only compacts so little
Add a little water - compacts better
A little more water - a little better compaction
Even more water – soil begins to flow
What is better compaction?
The dry unit weight (gd) increases as the moisture
content increases TO A POINT
Beyond a certain moisture content, any increase in
moisture content tends to reduce the dry unit weight
7. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Relationship between Moisture Content
and Dry Density
100.0
101.0
102.0
103.0
104.0
105.0
106.0
107.0
108.0
109.0
110.0
111.0
112.0
DryDensity(pcf)
8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00
Moisture Content (%)
Calculated Curv e Points
Moisture Density Test Results
Moisture Content (%)
DryDensity(pcf)
8. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Compaction Curve
Compaction curve plotted
gd vs. w
The peak of the curve is
the Maximum Compaction
(gd max) at Optimum
Moisture Content (wopt )
e
G
or
w
ws
dd
1
100
(%)
1
g
g
g
g
9. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Standard Proctor Compaction Test
The standard was originally developed to simulate
field compaction in the lab
Purpose: Find the optimum moisture content at which
the maximum dry unit weight is attained
ASTM D 698
Equipments;
Standard Proctor
1/30 ft3 mold
5.5 lb hammer
12” drop
3 layers of soil
25 blows / layer
11. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Procedure
1. Obtain 10 lbs of soil passing No. 4 sieve
2. Record the weight of the Proctor mold without the base and
the (collar) extension, the volume of which is 1/30 ft3.
3. Assemble the compaction apparatus.
4. Place the soil in the mold in 3 layers and compact using 25
well distributed blows of the Proctor hammer.
5. Detach the collar without disturbing the soil inside the mold
6. Remove the base and determine the weight of the mold and
compacted soil.
7. Remove the compacted soil from the mold and take a sample
(20-30 grams) of soil and find the moisture content
8. Place the remainder of the molded soil into the pan, break it
down, and thoroughly remix it with the other soil, plus 100
additional grams of water.
13. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
In your Report - Results
Plot of dry unit
weight vs moisture
content
Find gd (max) and wopt
Plot Zero-Air-Void
unit weight
(only S=100%)
14. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Standard Proctor Test Modified Proctor Test
15. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Effect of Compaction Energy
With the development of heavy rollers and their uses
in field compaction, the Standard Proctor Test was
modified to better represent field compaction
As the compaction effort increases,
the maximum dry unit weight of compaction increase
The optimum moisture content decreases to some
extend
Compaction energy per unit volume
moldofVolume
dropsofheighthammerofweightlayersofNolayerperblowsofNo
E
..
16. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Effect of Compaction Energy (Cont.)
17. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Modified Proctor Test
The modified was developed to simulate
larger compaction effort for more serious
loads and bigger equipment
ASTM D 698
Modified Proctor
1/30 ft3 mold
10 lb hammer
18” drop
5 layers of soil
25 blows / layer
18. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Specification for Field Compaction
Specifications will refer to % Relative Compaction
Relative to what?
Proctor Test – standard or modified
% Relative Compaction
If R > 100 +5% use Modified Proctor Test
100%
max
labd
fieldd
R
g
g
R ~ (90 – 100%)
19. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Specification for Field Compaction
Soil will be compacted to 98% relative compaction as
compared to a standard proctor test, ASTM D-698
The soil moisture content will be ± 2% of optimum.
98% means the soil in the field should be 98% of the
lab result
For example, if the peak of the curve is at 100 pcf and
22% moisture
The field compaction must be at least 98 pcf and within
the stated moisture range (20 ~24%)
20. Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University
Measurement of Field Compaction
Most common methods
are
Nuclear Method
Sand Cone method
Rubber Balloon method