This document provides information about the presentation of the drug Clacef® tablet. It begins with introducing the drug and contact information for the product executive. It then provides background on antibiotics in general, how they work, what they are used to treat. It discusses cephalosporins specifically, their classification and mechanism of action. It describes cefuroxime, clavulanic acid, and how their combination works to overcome antibiotic resistance from beta-lactamase producing bacteria. The document reviews indications for Clacef® and provides market analysis data on cefuroxime-containing brands. It concludes with actions to take to promote Clacef® to doctors and ensure proper stocking in pharmacies.
Levoflox (Levofloxacin Tablets) are used to treat bacterial infections of the skin, sinuses, kidneys, bladder, or prostate. Levofloxacin tablets are also used to treat bacterial infections that cause bronchitis or pneumonia, and to treat people who have been exposed to anthrax.
The current slide include the pharmacology og cephalosporins.
Contents
Introduction to Cephalosporins
Classification of Cephalosporins
Cefazolin
Cephalexin
Cefuroxime
Cefuroxime axetil
Cefotaxime
Cefixime
Cefpodoxime proxetil
Cefepime
Adverse effects of Cephalosporins
Uses of Cephalosporins
Levoflox (Levofloxacin Tablets) are used to treat bacterial infections of the skin, sinuses, kidneys, bladder, or prostate. Levofloxacin tablets are also used to treat bacterial infections that cause bronchitis or pneumonia, and to treat people who have been exposed to anthrax.
The current slide include the pharmacology og cephalosporins.
Contents
Introduction to Cephalosporins
Classification of Cephalosporins
Cefazolin
Cephalexin
Cefuroxime
Cefuroxime axetil
Cefotaxime
Cefixime
Cefpodoxime proxetil
Cefepime
Adverse effects of Cephalosporins
Uses of Cephalosporins
Feature, Advantage & Benefit of Cefixime and CefuroximeShuman Das
Cefixime is an oral third generation cephalosporin. On the other hand, Cefuroxime is a second generation cephalosporin antibiotic. There are lot of feature, Advangtage and Benefit of these antibiotic. Here this issue is discussed briefly.
Feature, Advantage & Benefit of Cefixime and CefuroximeShuman Das
Cefixime is an oral third generation cephalosporin. On the other hand, Cefuroxime is a second generation cephalosporin antibiotic. There are lot of feature, Advangtage and Benefit of these antibiotic. Here this issue is discussed briefly.
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Explanation on the industrial production of penicillin covering the history, fermentors, specific conditions required for penicillin production, how to increase yield amongst others.
penicillins - power point - History,mechanism of action,classification,chemis...Dr. Ravi Sankar
Antibiotics - Penicillin's - power point - History, mechanism of action, classification, chemistry, SAR, Nomenclature, uses, side effects- Medicinal chemistry.
Prof. P. Ravisankar M. Pharm., Ph.D.
HOD .,
Vignan Pharmacy college
vadlamudi- Guntur-A.P, India.
banuman35@gmail.com
Phone: 0 9059994000
0 9000199106
Cephalosporins & other β lactam antibiotics & cell wall destructorsFarazaJaved
this ppt cover all 5 generations of cephalosporins and about beta lactam atibiotics and cell wall destructors data available till now. hope u ll find it useful.
This presentation provides a comprehensive introduction to antibiotics, exploring their historical significance, classifications, and essential role in modern medicine. Attendees will gain a profound understanding of the diverse mechanisms through which antibiotics act to combat bacterial infections.
Outline:
Introduction to Antibiotics
Definition and historical context
Significance in treating bacterial infections
Classification of Antibiotics
Broad-spectrum vs. narrow-spectrum antibiotics
Classes: penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, etc.
Mechanisms of Antibiotic Action
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis (e.g., penicillins)
Disruption of protein synthesis (e.g., macrolides)
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis (e.g., quinolones)
Interference with metabolic pathways (e.g., sulfonamides)
Selective Toxicity
Understanding the concept and importance
How antibiotics target bacterial structures without harming human cells
Resistance to Antibiotics
Factors contributing to antibiotic resistance
Consequences and global impact
Case Studies
Examples of well-known antibiotics and their mode of action
Real-world applications and success stories
Future Trends and Challenges
Emerging technologies in antibiotic development
Strategies to address antibiotic resistance
Conclusion
Recap of key points
Emphasis on the critical role antibiotics play in public health
This presentation aims to provide a solid foundation for understanding antibiotics and their mode of action, catering to both beginners and those looking to deepen their knowledge in the field. Through engaging visuals and clear explanations, you will have a heightened awareness of the vital role antibiotics play in preserving human health while being mindful of the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance.
Myself Gaurav Chaudhary, Assistant Professor, I.T.S. College of Pharmacy.
The Slideshare contains complete Notes of Unit-1 Medicinal Chemistry-III BP601T
It contains the Classification, stereochemistry chemical degradation, and Structure-activity relationship of Antibiotics(Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Monobactum, Aminoglycosides).
The study material is authentic.
Definition
History
Chemistry
Properties
Classification & its Generation
Pharmacokinetics
Mechanism of action
Indication
Contraindication
Therapeutic use
Adverse effect
Resistance
Comparison with penicillin
Market preparation
Adeeva Life Care Pvt. Ltd. is setup by KPS Clinical Services Pvt. Ltd. (a leading Contract Research Organization) in the auspicious of RAHE Group of Organizations.
Adeeva Life Care is a different kind of pharmaceutical and healthcare products company. We are an India based company focused on management of various kinds of ailments by developing our unique range of innovative products.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
1. To the Presentation
on
Clacef®
Tablet
Sultan Mahmud
Sr. Product Executive, PMD
Cell: 01713-374701
Cefuroxime BP 125 mg + Clavulanic Acid USP 31.25 mg
Cefuroxime BP 250 mg + Clavulanic Acid USP 62.5 mg
Cefuroxime BP 500 mg + Clavulanic Acid USP 125 mg
2. What are antibiotics?
The US National Library of Medicine1
says that
antibiotics - powerful medicines that fight bacterial
infections - can save lives when used properly.
Antibiotics either stop bacteria from reproducing or
kill them. "Your body's natural defenses can usually
take it from there."
3. How do antibiotics work?
Although there are a number of different types of
antibiotic they all work in one of two ways:
A bactericidal antibiotic kills the bacteria. Penicillin
is a bactericidal. A bactericidal usually either
interferes with the formation of the bacterium's cell
wall or its cell contents.
A bacteriostatic stops bacteria from multiplying.
4. What are antibiotics used for?
An antibiotic is given for the treatment of an
infection caused by bacteria. Antibiotics target
microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and
parasites. However, they are not effective against
viruses.
5. Cephalosporins
The cephalosporins are the largest and most diverse
family of beta-lactam antibiotics.
Cephalosporin compounds were first isolated from
cultures of bacteria Cephalosporium acremonium
found in a sewage outfall off the Sardinian coast in
1948 by Italian scientist Giuseppe Brotzu. The first
agent cephalothin (cefalotin) was launched by Eli Lilly
in 1964.
11. What is Beta-lactamases
Beta-lactamases are enzymes produced by some
bacteria that provide resistance to β-lactam antibiotics
like penicillins, cephamycins.
Beta-lactamase provides antibiotic resistance by
breaking the antibiotics' structure.
These antibiotics all have a common element in their
molecular structure: a four-atom ring known as a β-
lactam.
Through hydrolysis, the lactamase enzyme breaks the β-
lactam ring open, deactivating the molecule's
antibacterial properties.
12. What is cefuroxime?
Cefuroxime, a classical 2nd generation
cephalosporin can be the drug of choice due to-
Wide bacterial coverage
Gram Positive
Gram Negative
Anaerobes
Excellent safety profile
14. What is Clavulanic acid
Clavulanic acid is a β-lactam drug that functions as a
mechanism-based β-lactamase inhibitor.
It is not effective by itself as an antibiotic, when
combined with penicillin-group antibiotics.
it can overcome antibiotic resistance in bacteria that
secrete β-lactamase, which otherwise inactivates
most penicillins and Cephalosporins.
16. Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria
change in some way that reduces or eliminates the
effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents
designed to cure or prevent infections. The
bacteria survive and continue to multiply causing
more harm.
18. Due to…
The Overuse and Misuse of Cefuroxime
Increasing ß-lactamase enzyme producing
bacteria
Increasing Extended Spectrum ß-lactamase
(ESBL) producing organisms
19. Health Protection Agency, UK
Stated that…
Extended-Spectrum Beta- Lactamases (ESBLs)
are enzymes that can be produced by
bacteria making them resistant to the most
widely used antibiotic Cefuroxime in 2013.
20. Extended Spectrum ß-lactamase(ESBL)
The enzyme that capable of breaking down a wide
range of penicillin & Cephalosporin type antibiotics
of oral and a limited number of intravenous
treatment options.
Producing organisms:
Klebsiella species
Escherichia coli (E. coli), &
S. aureus
23. Clavulanic acid is added with Cefuroxime
Because Clavulanic Acid:
A suicidal inhibitor of ß-lactamase enzyme.
Irreversibly binds with ß-lactamase enzyme.
Increases the spectrum and
Restores antimicrobial activity of Cefuroxime
against ß-lactamase producing bacteria.
24. Major Indications
Respiratory Tract Infections
Urinary Tract Infections
Dental Infections
Surgical Site Infections
ENT infections
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
27. Dear Sir/Madam,
In this visual you can see
that a man is fastening with
rope that’s why he can not
move normally as a result
his daily activity is
hampered,
Like that, Bacterial
resistance limits the activity
of Antibiotic
42. Actions to be taken
Ensures adequate shelving of Clacef®
125 mg,
250 mg, 500 mg Tablet.
Inform all the potential doctors about Clacef®
125 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg Tablet And
explain the superiority over other
43. Actions to be taken
Strictly monitor & identify the prescribers of direct
competitor- Cerox CV (ACI), Clavusef (Opsonin),
Cefaclav (Incepta) & indirect competitor-
Cefuroxime Prescriber like Cefotil (SQR), Furocef
(Renata), Kilbac (Incepta), Furex (DI), Sefur
(Opsonin); Amoxicillin-Clavulanate prescriber
like- Fimoxyclave (Aventis); Moxaclav (SQR),
Demoxil-Plus (DI) and pursue them to prescribe
Clacef®
by highlighting superiority.
We hope and believe that Clacef®
will help to
strengthen our position in antibiotic market.