The document provides comprehensive guidelines for citing various online resources, including books, journal articles, databases, homepages, electronic mail, discussion forums, listservs, blogs, and wikis. Each section outlines specific citation rules and required or optional elements for proper attribution. It serves as a valuable reference for authors, editors, and publishers in the context of academic writing and internet sources.

1. Dr. Ahmed-Refat AG Refat WWW. ZJOHS.Page.TL Citing Internet Sources

2. This Presentation is based on: Citing Medicine , the NLM style guide for authors, editors, and publishers www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine

4. 1- Citing Books and Other Individual Titles on the Internet

5. Books and Other Individual Titles on the Internet A monograph, commonly called a book, is any work complete in one volume or in a finitenumber of volumes. Books on the Internet are often electronic versions of large printed texts, such as textbooks, manuals, or technical reports, but may also be smaller works such as a brochure, single-page fact sheet, or brief treatise. Size is not relevant to the definition.

6. Books and Other Individual Titles on the Internet

7. Citation Rules for Entire Books Author/Editor (R) | Author Affiliation ( O ) | Title ( R ) | Content Type ( O ) | Type of Medium ( R ) | Edition ( R ) | Editor and other Secondary Authors ( O ) | Place of Publication ( R ) | Publisher ( R ) | Date of Publication ( R ) | Date of Update/Revision ( R ) | Date of Citation ( R ) | Extent (Pagination) ( O ) | Series (O) | Availability ( R ) | Language ( R ) | Notes ( O ) ------------------------------------------------------------ R= Required element O=Optional element

8. Examples of Citations to Entire Books and Other Individual Titles on the Internet

9. Examples of Citations to Entire Books

10. Examples of Citations to Entire Books

11. Examples of Citations to Entire Books

12. Citations to Parts of Books on the Internet

13. Citation Rules for Parts of Books on the Internet Entire Book (R) | Name and Number/Letter ( R ) | Title ( R ) | Date of Update/Revision ( R ) | Date of Citation ( R ) | Location (Pagination) ( R ) | Availability ( R ) | Language ( R ) R=Required element O=Optional element

14. Examples of Citations to Parts of Books on the Internet

15. Examples of Citations to Parts of Books on the Internet

16. Examples of Citations to Parts of Books on the Internet

17. Citations to Contributions to Books on the Internet

18. Citation Rules for Contributions to Books on the Internet Author (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title (R) | Connective Phrase (R) | Book Information (R) | Date of Citation (R) | Location (Pagination) (R) | Availability (R) | Language (R) | Notes (O) ------------------ R=Required element O =Optional element

19. Examples of Citations to Contributions to Books on the Internet

20. 2- Citations to Journal Articles on the Internet

21. Citations to Journal Articles on the Internet Many journals on the Internet are identical to their print versions. Increasingly, however, journals are written directly for the Internet to enable hyperlinking, to include complex graphics, and to run multimedia such as film clips and sound. An Internet journal may be static, fixed in time and unchanged since publication, or may be updated or otherwise revised over time.

22. Citations to Journal Articles on the Internet

23. Citation Rules for Journal Articles on the Internet Author (R) | Author Affiliation ( O ) | Article Title (R) | Article Type ( O ) | Journal Title (R) | Edition (R) | Content Type (O) | Type of Medium (R) | Date of Publication (R) | Date of Update/ Revision (R) | Date of Citation (R) | Volume Number (R) | Issue Number (R) | Location(Pagination) ( R ) | Availability (R) | Language ( R ) | Notes ( O ) R=required element O= Optional element

24. Examples of Citations to Journal Articles on the Internet

25. Examples of Citations to Journal Articles on the Internet

26. Examples of Citations to Journal Articles on the Internet

27. Examples of Citations to Journal Articles on the Internet

28. 3- Databases/Retrieval Systems on the Internet

29. A database is a collection of individual records that are most often standardized in both format and content. Database records are usually related by a common denominator such as subject matter or the source of the material in them. Text-oriented databases are generally bibliographic or full-text, where each record has a bibliographic citation to a publication or the complete text of a document. Number-oriented databases cover many types, including statistical, time series, and transactional.

30. Serial database that is open:

31. For a serial database that is closed:

32. Citation Rules for Entire Databases on the Internet Author/Editor ( R ) | Author Affiliation ( O ) | Title ( R ) | Content Type ( O ) | Type of Medium ( R ) | Edition (R ) | Editor and other Secondary Authors ( O ) | Place of Publication ( R ) | Publisher ( R ) | Date of Publication ( R ) | Date of Update/Revision ( R ) | Date of Citation ( R ) | Availability( R ) | Language (R) | Notes ( O ) R= Required element O=Optional Element

33. Examples of Citations to Entire Databases on the Internet

34. Examples of Citations to Entire Databases on the Internet

35. Part of a database on the Internet

36. Citation Rules for Parts of Databases on the Internet Database ( R ) | Name and Number/Letter ( R ) | Title ( R ) | Date of Publication ( R ) | Date of Update/Revision ( R ) | Date of Citation ( R ) | Location (Pagination) ( R ) | Availability ( R ) | Language ( R ) | Notes ( O ) --------------------------------------------- R= Required element O=Optional element

37. Examples of Citations to Parts of Databases on the Internet

38. Reference to a contribution to a database on the Internet

39. Definition of contribution Contributions are separately identified records, sections, or other portions of Internet databases that are provided by individuals or organizations other than the database builders. They thus have distinct authorship.

40. Contribution There are two types of contributions: those written expressly for the database, such as a review produced for the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and those written for a primary publication such as a journal or book that is cited in the database. A journal article in a bibliographic database such as PubMed is an example of the latter.

41. Types of contribution The first type of contribution contains only an author and title, and sometimes a date of publication; it has no place of publication, publisher, or other publication information separate from the database. The second type, however, contains full publication information.

42. Citation Rules for Contributions to Databases on the Internet Author ( R ) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title ( R ) | Publication Information ( R ) | Date of Update/Revision ( R ) | Date of Citation ( R ) | Connective Phrase ( R ) | Database ( R) | Extent (Pagination) ( R ) | Availability ( R ) | Acquisition Number (O) | Language ( R ) | Notes (O) R=Required element O=optional element

43. Examples of Citations to Contributions to Databases on the Internet

44. 4- Citing a homepage Web Sites

45. Web Site A homepage is the first or introductory page of a Web site (NISO Z39.29). It usually provides a table of contents or index to the contents of the ite. Homepages are placed on the Internet by both organizations and individuals for purposes ranging from an effort to provide information about a government agency, a company, an association, or a specific subject, to a means of providing a forum for a personal point of view

46. Format for a reference to a homepage

47. Citation Rules for Homepages Author ( R) | Author Affiliation (O ) | Title ( R ) | Content Type (O) | Type of Medium ( R ) | Edition ( R ) | Editor and other Secondary Authors (O) | Place of Publication (R) | Publisher ( R ) | Date of Publication ( R ) | Date of Update/Revision ( R ) | Date of Citation ( R ) | Availability ( R ) | Language ( R ) | Notes (O) R=Required element O=optional element

48. Examples of Citations to Homepages

49. Examples of Citations to Homepages

50. Examples of Citations to Homepages

51. Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Parts of Web Sites

52. Citation Rules for Parts of Web Sites Homepage (R) | Title ( R ) | Date of Publication (R) | Date of Update/Revision ( R ) | Date of Citation ( R ) | Location (Pagination) ( R ) | Availability ( R ) | Language ( R ) | Notes ( O) ---------------------------------------------- R= Required element O=Optional element

53. Examples of Citations to Parts of Web Sites

54. Examples of Citations to Parts of Web Sites

55. 5- Electronic Mail and Discussion Forums

56. Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Electronic Mail

57. Definition Electronic mail or e-mail is a written message sent over communication networks to a single address or to multiple addressees.

58. Citation Rules for Electronic Mail Author (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title of Message ( R ) | Content Type (O) | Type of Medium ( R ) | Connective Phrase ( R ) | Recipient ( R ) | Recipient Affiliation (O) | Date ( R ) | Date of Citation ( R ) | Extent (Pagination) (O) | Availability (O) | Language ( R ) | Notes (O) R=Required element O=Optional element

59. Examples of Citations to Electronic Mail

60. 6- Citing LISTSERVs and Similar Discussion Lists

61. Citing LISTSERVs and Similar Discussion Lists

62. Definitions LISTSERV is a proprietary name for mailing list software that is a registered trademark of Lsoft International. Mailing lists are usually subject-oriented and provide a forum for member discussion.

63. Citation Rules for LISTSERVs and Similar Discussion Lists Author (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title for Message ( R ) | Connective Phrase ( R ) | Title ( R ) | Address (O) | Content Type (O ) | Type of Medium ( R ) | Place of Publication (R ) | Publisher ( R) | Date ( R ) | Date of Citation ( R ) | Extent (Pagination) (O) | Availability (O) | Language ( R )| Notes (O) R=Required element O=Optional Element

64. Examples of Citations to LISTSERVs and Similar Discussion Lists

65. Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Blogs

66. Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Blogs

67. 7- Citing Blogs

68. Definition Blog is a contraction of Web log. A blog is a publicly available Web site that serves as a personal journal or sounding board for an individual or as an information tool for an organization. The blog owner posts messages and invites comments from readers. Entries or messages are displayed in reverse chronological order and the site is usually updated daily.

69. Author/Editor (R) | Author Affiliation ( O ) | Title ( R ) | Content Type ( O ) | Type of Medium ( R ) | Editor and other Secondary Authors ( O ) | Place of Publication ( R ) | Publisher ( R ) | Date of Publication ( R ) | Date of Citation ( R ) | Availability ( R ) | Language ( R ) | Notes (O) R=Required element O=Optional Element Citation Rules for Blogs

70. Examples of Citations to Blogs

71. Examples of Citations to Blogs

72. 8- Citing Wikis

73. Citation and Introduction to Citing Wikis

74. Definition A wiki is a multi-authored or collaborative Web site that permits users to create additional content for the site and to edit existing content. Users may also add comments to content, ask questions, and reply to questions posed by others. The term wiki is derived from the Hawaiian "wiki wiki", which means quick. Wikipedia is perhaps the most widely known general wiki. Most other wikis are devoted to a particular subject, like AIDS Wiki or WIKISURGERY .

75. Citation Rules for Wikis Title (R) | Content Type (O) | Type of Medium ( R ) | Editor and other Secondary Authors (O )| Place of Publication ( R ) | Publisher ( R ) | Date of Publication ( R ) | Date of pdate/Revision ( R ) | Date of Citation ( R ) | Availability ( R ) | Language ( R ) | Notes (O) R=Required element O=Optional element

76. Examples of Citations to Wikis

77. Thank You Refat AR 24-01-2010 FOM-Zagazig University