This document provides guidelines for citing sources in academic work, including: - Citing authors in text by inserting their name and date in brackets - Including authors' names naturally in the text and adding the date in brackets - Citing organizations as if they were a person - Using titles instead of author names for anonymous sources - Using 'n.d.' to indicate no publication date - Listing multiple authors and using 'et al.' for four or more authors - Enclosing direct quotes in quotation marks and citing page numbers - Organizing references alphabetically by author in a bibliography section

1. Referencing work

2. Cite sources in your work
In most cases where you are referring to a
source, simply insert the authors name and date
of publication in brackets after you have
mentioned the information you have taken from
the source.
Example: Workers in teams tend to adopt
particular roles (Belbin 1996)

3. Authors name appear naturally in your work
Also in many cases, you can simply insert the
authors name followed by the date of
publication in brackets , in to your work.
Example: Role theory applied to the behaviour
of individuals in teams was first elaborated on
by Berbin (1996) who suggested that…..
The reader can easy locate the full description of
the item you have cited in bibliography at the
end of the document.

4. Where the author is a company or organisation
Cited them in text as a person
Example: Some further research in this area
conducted by the Stroke Care Association (2007)
seemed to show that many patients regard their
interactions with nursing staff as…
Citing without an author
If the source is anonymous use the title instead
Example: It has been stated that this disease occurs
most frequently in woman between 30-40 years old
(Women’s health issues, 2006)

5. If there is no date on the source
If you do not know the date of publication, use
‘n.d.’ (which stands for ‘not dated’ . This is often
used when citing websites.
Example: All twenty five claims were found
fraudulent (Jones n.d.).

6. Multiple authors – one, two or three on same work
Give the names of the authors, separated by
commas and an ampersand ‘&’ or the word ‘and’.
Followed by the date in brackets, Or add the
authors and date at the end of your summary, in
brackets.
Example: Shield, Ford and Taylor (2004) discuss the
various use of commas.
Or
The manual attempts a definitive ruling on the uses of
Commas (Shield, Ford and Taylor, 2004)

7. Four or more authors
Use the first author, followed by either the
words ‘and others’ or ‘et al’. Which ever form
you use, make sure you use the same
throughout your work.
Example: Johnson and others (2008) highlighted
some potential problems…..

8. Direct quotation
If you are directly quoting the authors own words
in your writing you should enclose these in
quotation marks and give the author, date and
page number(s) that the quotation was taken in
brackets.
Example: ‘Whilst this planet has gone cycling on
according to the fixed law of gravity’
(Darwin,1859, p.490).

9. Bibliography
• Organised in alphabetically by author
• Must be consistent for all the references in
Bibliography.
• Web pages – internet base material may only
be available for a short time, for this reason
include the date accessed the information in
your reference

10. Books
In order:
1)Author(s)
2) Year of publication – in brackets
3) Title and subject (underline, or bold
or in italic ) followed by a full stop.
4) Series and individual volume number (if any)
followed by a full stop.
5) Edition, if not the first, for example ‘2nd ed.’
6) Place of publication if known – followed by comma
7)Publisher – followed by full stop.
Example:
Bowlby, J. (1951) Maternal care and mental Health. Monograph
Series, no. 2. Geneva, World Health Organisation.
Morris, B. (2004) Program evaluation. 3rd ed. London, Hadlow.

11. Journal article
In order:
1)Author(s)
2) Year of publication – in brackets
3) Title of the article – followed by full stop.
4) Title of the journal - underline, or bold or in italic
- followed by a full stop.
5) Volume number
6) Issue or part number in brackets, month or season of
the year followed by comma
7) Page number of article – followed by full stop.
Example: Bennett, M. (2001) Through the glass ceiling:
women’s experience of a modern workplace practices. Journal
of Gender in Business, 5(3) June, pp.32-41.

12. E-Books
In order:
1)Author(s)
2) Print version year – in brackets
3) Title and subject (underline, or bold
or in italic ) followed by a full stop.
4)The word ‘internet’ – in square brackets followed
by comma.
5) Print version place of publication – followed by
comma
6)Print version of publisher – followed by full stop.
7) The word ‘Available from’ – followed by colon.
8)The internet location the e-book was accessed from (i.e
netlibrary)
9) The internet address – in angled brackets
10) The word ‘accessed’ and the date you viewed the e-book – in square brackets,
followed by a full stop.
Example: Dronke, P. (1968) Medival Latin and the rise of European love-lyrics
[internet], Oxford, Oxford University Press. Available from: Netlibrary
<http://www.netlibrary.com> [Assessed 6 March 2008]

13. Research reports
The correct content and order is the same as for
the books.
Example: O’Hare, N. (2006) Peak Oil Production:
new perspectives. Research Report 32. Chicago,
Economic Study Unit.
Podcast, Radio programmes, etc can be found in
the shared drive under Harvard Ref file.