Academic Integrity and Gen AI -Basic Concepts and Skills

.
Academic Integrity
Challenges
of Chat GPT:
Basic Concepts & Skills
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat
Professor, Occup. Med. FOM,
Zagazig University
10th Jan. 2024 1
145
182

Learning Objectives
By the end of this session , you will be able to :
1. Develop a basic knowledge of how different types of AI
work and the human role in AI
2. Identify the strengths, weaknesses and limitations of AI
3. Recognise AI and when you are interacting with it in
existing and new platforms
4. Understand when use of generative AI is inappropriate
and could be considered academic misconduct.
5. Describe the key ethical issues of using AI .
6. Critically evaluate information generated by AI and
make informed decisions about its use in your work.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 2

Contents
1. Terminology : AI, ML, NLP, DL, Gen.AI, Chatbot..
2. Google Vs Chat GPT…… Prompt formula.
3. Application and uses ( in Higher Education) .
4. Limitation ( and Risks to Higher Education).
5. ChatGPT outputs Evaluation .
6. View points of international universities regarding
academic Integrity Challenges of Gen. AI.
7. How to use ChatGPT honesty, and How to cite it.
8. Chat GPT as a co-author.
9. Recommendations to mitigate Gen AI. risks.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 3

A.I Literacy
A set of competencies (K+S+A) that enables
individuals to …
1. Communicate and collaborate
effectively with AI; ( K )
2. Critically evaluate AI
technologies; and ( S )
3. Ethically use AI as a tool online. ( A )
Ahmed-Refat 2023 4

Chat-GPT
(Chat Generative Pre-trained
Transformer)
is a chatbot
developed by OpenAI
and launched on
November 30, 2022.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 5
and almost immediately
disturbed academics,
journalists, and others
because of concern that
i t w a s
i m p o s s i b l e t o
differentiate human- from
ChatGPT-generated
w r i t i n g .

Chat GPT Taking the world by STORM

Using Gen.AI as ChatGPT
Requires
a new layer of
search skills, and
Countermeasures
to mitigate the risks

…requires a new layer of search skills
1. Constructing effective prompts,
2. Critically Chatting ,
3. Evaluating outputs and
4. Proper citing/referencing .
Of this Chat GPT….

Also, requires a counter-measures to :-
1. Maintain academic integrity
and how to avoid plagiarism.
2. Foster Student’s Critical
Thinking Skills, and their
Creativity.

!! ‫نخشاه‬ ‫كنا‬ ‫وما‬
....
‫حقيقة‬ ‫صار‬
Chat-GPT
(Chat Generative Pre-
trained Transformer)
is a chatbot
developed by
OpenAI and
launched on
November 30,
2022.

Ahmed-Refat 2023 11
Chat GPT as an author/co-author ?

https://chat.openai.com/
Ahmed-Refat 2023 13
ChatGPT 3.5 How can I help you today?

Artificial Intelligence AI
• Artificial Intelligence refers to the simulation
of human intelligence in machines that are
programmed to think and learn like humans.
• It is a broad field that encompasses various
approaches and .
• AI aims to create intelligent systems that can
perceive, reason, learn, and solve problems.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 14

Basic Concepts
Ahmed-Refat 2023 15
A.I
M.L
N.L.P
Deep
Learning
= Gen. AI
Chat GPT
Chatbot
ChatGPT
Robot

• AI= Artificial Intelligence
• NLP= Natural Language Processing
• ML= Machine Learning
• DL= Deep Learning
Gen.AI~
ChatGPT
+ Big Data

• Artificial intelligence (AI)
• Perform Tasks » ‫روبوت‬«
• A chatbot AI + NLP +ML.
Respond To Requests «
‫شاتبوت‬
»
• Gen. AI AI + NLP +ML+DL
Create/ Produce Content
«
‫شات‬
‫جيبيتي‬
»
A h m e d - Re fa t 2 0 2 3 17

Traditional AI
Traditional AI ..best in
specific tasks
but may struggle with
complex and ambiguous
situations.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 18

- Machine Learning ML
AI+(M.L) is a subfield of AI that focuses on
developing algorithms that
can
learn from data and
improve their performance
over time.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 19

CHATBOT NLP+ML
A chatbot is a software
application that is designed to
simulates human conversation
through text or voice interactions.
Chatbot+ Deep Learning DL =
Gen.AI
{{ Chat GPT }}
Ahmed-Refat 2023 20

GPTs History ~ chat gpt
• ChatGPT is a large language model
(LLM) that uses deep learning (DL) to
generate human-like texts in response
to prompts.
• Before now, there has been GPT-1
launched in 2018, GPT-2 and GPT-3 .
• In 2021, OpenAI released DALL.E 2, a
Gen-AI system for generating images
from text.
• GPT-4, on March 14, 2023,
Ahmed-Refat 2023 21

Ahmed-Refat 2023 22
Traditional AI
Gen. AI
ChatGPT
Generative AI vs Traditional AI

• Text Generators
• ChatGPT*
• GPT-4(+DALLE)
• Google Bard*
• Bing Chat*
• Image Generators
• DALL-E2
• Midjourney
• Audio Generators
• Play.ht* (voice)
• Murf.AI* (voice)
• Mubert* (music)
• Soundful (music)
• Video Generators
• Synthesia
• Code Generators
• GitHub Copilot
• Codacy
• Research Tools
• Elicit (summarizes and
synthesizes sources for
literature reviews)
• Discuss Genie (qualitative
research AI assistant)
• Last updated on: Dec. 20, 2023
Ahmed-Refat 2023 24
Generative AI Tools < 15

1. While traditional AI focuses on
solving specific problems and
making predictions,
2.Generative AI goes beyond that
by using machine learning
algorithms to generate new
content.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 25
Traditional AI vs Generative AI

3.Traditional AI is
designed to perform specific tasks
based on pre-programmed rules and
data.
4.Generative AI is
designed to create new content or
ideas based on learned patterns and
data.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 26

5.Traditional AI is
used in finance, healthcare, and
manufacturing industries to automate
processes and improve efficiency.
6.Generative AI will
become prevalent in creative industries such
as art, music, and writing to generate new
content.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 27

• Artificial intelligence (AI)
• Perform Tasks » ‫روبوت‬«
• A chatbot AI + NLP +ML.
Respond To Requests «
‫شاتبوت‬
»
• Gen. AI AI + NLP +ML+DL
Create/ Produce Content
«
‫شات‬
‫جيبيتي‬
»
A h m e d - Re fa t 2 0 2 3 28

What is Chat GPT?
• ChatGPT is a computer program designed to
generate text that resembles human
language developed by open Ai.
• It does this by using a machine learning
model that has been trained on a large
amount of text data. The program can then
generate text based on the patterns it learned
from the training data, making it capable of
generating human-like responses to prompts.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 29

It enables users to refine
and steer a conversation
towards a desired length,
format, style, level of
detail, and language.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 30
Chat= Conversation/ Dialogue (YOU)

Chat= Conversation/ Dialogue (ChatGPT)
The dialogue format of ChatGPT,
makes it possible for ChatGPT to:-
• Answer follow-up questions,
• Admit its mistakes,
• Reject inappropriate requests",
• Recall previous comments in a conversation
and communicate them to the user.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 31

Search Engines Vs Generative AI
Search engines
• Traditional search engines as Google, Library
Search or databases, work by searching for
information based on the keywords you
enter. The search tools match your keywords
to the words used to describe content and
give you a list of potential sources read,
valuate and to compose.
•
Ahmed-Refat 2023 33

Search engines versus Generative
AI
Generative AI
• AI tools do is not just a search for
information, they also find and present
information for you. You enter your prompt
or question, and the response is a unique
answer.
• A source of information has been generated
for your purpose alone. You do not need to
follow links to online materials .
Ahmed-Refat 2023 34

How is GAI creating information?
• Generative AI text tools are computer programs
trained on a large language model.
• That means these programmes have been trained by
consuming large amounts of text from books, articles,
and websites, which the programme then analyses
to find patterns and
relationships between longer
text.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 35

How is GAI creating information?
This intelligence is based on
Recognition of patterns
rather than an
interpretation of meaning
or what the words say.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 36

Chat-GPT
ChatGPT generates text based on….
Recognizing Patterns
In The Data
It Was Trained On,
producing human-like responses that
are relevant to the prompt.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 37

How is GenAI creating information?
• In terms of information seeking behaviour,
this is probably what the majority of us
want.
•Don’t tell me where
to find the answer,
give me the answer!
Ahmed-Refat 2023 38

How is GenAI creating information?
Don’t Feed me, Teach me
how to fish..
Give me the fish, don’t
teach me fishing !
• Don’t tell me where to find the answer,
give me the answer!
Ahmed-Refat 2023 39

Google search results -
Components Of Prompt Chatgpt
42.100.000 results (0.35 Seconds)

ChatGPT 3.5 Result
Components Of Prompt Chatgpt
one result/ready made

How to Communicate with ChatGPT
• Not By using Key-words As
Google need , But ChatGPT need
a PROMPT.
• (Prompting) A New Skill Of
Prompt Engineering And How
To Craft Good Prompts

Prompt
• A prompt is a command or an action
sentence used to communicate with
ChatGPT.
• Prompting is more an art than
a science, it needs brain
storming, critical thinking and
skill of query crafting.

𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐭 Formula
1. [𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭] +
((Background))
2. [𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜 𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧] +
((Tasks /Objectives))
3. [𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭] +
((Aim/Goal))
4. [𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭]

𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐭 :Example
Prompt Example:
"I'm a teacher preparing a lesson on …………. for my …………… students. I want to
focus on the ………….. Can you provide a brief overview? Please present it in a simple,
bullet-point format suitable for ………………."
1. Context: “I’m a teacher preparing a lesson on … for my …students.”
2. Specific Information: “I want to focus on the …………………….
3. Intent: “Can you provide a brief overview?”
4. Response Format: “Please present it in a simple, bullet-point format suitable
for adult learners.”

Applications
Ahmed-Refat 2023 48

Current GAI Applications
1.Language models:
a) Translation
b) Creative, academic, and business writing
c) Code writing
d) Grammatical correction or analysis
Ahmed-Refat 2023 49

2.Audio and speech models:
 Composing and songwriting
 Dictation and transcription
 Speech and voice recognition
 Sound editing
Ahmed-Refat 2023 50

3.Visual and imagery models:
 Illustration
 Infographics
 3D modeling
 Creative design
 Image editing
 Architectural rendering .
Ahmed-Refat 2023 51

4.Data generating models:
 Creating synthetic data on which to train
AI models.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 52

Healthcare Prompt
(Application Examples)
Clinical Decision Support
• Prompts can be designed to offer
evidence-based suggestions for
diagnosis and treatment options.
Example prompt : "Summarize the
latest guidelines for managing Type
2 Diabetes."

Healthcare Prompt
Medical Research
• Researchers can use prompts to assist in
data analysis, literature review, or even
hypothesis generation. Example prompt:
"Analyse the trends in opioid use in
the last decade."

Healthcare Prompt
Patient Education
• Healthcare providers can generate
prompts to produce easy-to-understand
information sheets or FAQs for patients.
Example prompt: "Explain the side
effects of chemotherapy in layman's
terms."

Healthcare Prompt
Professional Development
• Medical educators can use prompts for
developing teaching material or
assessment questions. …prompt:
"Generate a list of case-based
questions for occupational medicine
MD exams."

For students
Students can get
personalized & real-time tutoring
which can make them understand
complex concepts better and improve
their grades.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 57

For educators
Using Chat GPT shall result in
a. less workload for teachers
b. create spare time for them
c. to interact more with their
students
Ahmed-Refat 2023 58

For educators
For educators, AI can provide assistance
in creating lesson plans, presentations,
and other materials, can help them to
grade student work, and even assist them
in creating their syllabus, quizzes and
exams. It can also help educators to
evaluate student progress and provide
personalized feedback.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 59

1. Improve Grammar And
Punctuation
2. Automated Feedback To
Students On Their
Writing?
3. Text Summarization
4. Creative Writing
5. Creating an engaging
PowerPoint presentation
6. Create a syllabus for a
semester-long course
7. Describe an innovative
method for teaching
8. Develop a quiz
9. Mark student essays:
10. Develop a rubric:
11. Develop MQs based on
an article:
12. Develop a curriculum:
13. Generate short-form
(short answer) quiz
questions .
14. Generate case studies:
15. Provide review material
for exams .
16. Translate
Ahmed-Refat 2023 60

• 1. Develop case studies
and scenarios.
2. Design interactive in-
class activities.
3. Create assessments
and assignments.
4. Generate lecture
materials.
5. Create supplementary
resources
1. Multiple-choice
questions
2. Short answer questions
3. Essay questions
4. Clinical reasoning
exercises
• Outlines for PowerPoint
presentations
• Lecture summaries
• Ideas for visual aids
1. Study guides
2. FAQ sheets
Ahmed-Refat 2023 61

1
• A.I Literacy 3 components
• From Robot to Chabot- to ChatGPT( Gen. AI)
• Google KWs…..ChatGPT Pattern
• Essential components of Effective Prompt
• Uses and Applications (…,…,… Healthcare
,Educators)
‫األول‬ ‫التطبيق‬
•
‫و‬ ‫جوجل‬ ‫مخرجات‬ ‫بين‬ ‫مقارنة‬
ChatGPT
Ahmed-Refat 2023 62

Limitations
Any ?
Ahmed-Refat 2023 63

Limitations of AI
•Artificial? Yes.
•Intelligent?
………….May be!
Ahmed-Refat 2023 64

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Consider
checking important information.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 65

Limitations of AI
You should be
cautious .
Never believe everything
the AI tools generate, even
if it sounds convincing
Ahmed-Refat 2023 66

- Limitations of AI
AI tools can not apply
human critical thinking or
the development of an
evidenced argument:
Ahmed-Refat 2023 67

- Limitations of AI
• The skills that AI lacks are vital for analysing,
developing, and expressing an argument.
Critical analysis is a very human skill and often
something that is built into the assessments
you are tasked with at university. Application
of knowledge to differing contexts is also a
fundamental skill and your ability to do this
helps you to develop higher order thinking
skills.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 68

Limitations of AI
AI performs better when it has
more sources to draw on, so if you
are looking for assistance with
more specialised or niche areas, or
cutting edge research, the
information may not be so well
developed.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 69

Is it always accurate?
• ChatGPT said it’s “trained” to be accurate.
Is it always accurate?
The short answer: Nooo.
• ChatGPT’s database is limited to information from
2021 and earlier
• it’s a good idea to check every response you
receive from the chatbot.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 70

Limitations of AI
the data is not always
current and tools may be
drawing on sources that
are months or years out
of date
Ahmed-Refat 2023 71

Limitations of AI
• Is the information up-to-date?
• Although it may appear to, ChatGPT is not
connected to the internet and does not
function like a search engine. The current version
was trained on a massive dataset that was
collected prior to 2021, and all AI tools that have
been built on top of the ChatGPT model will be
similarly time bound. Bard is reported to be
using live data and AI enhanced search such as
Bing will potentially draw on up-to-date
information.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 72

Limitations of AI
Many AI tools are unable to
reference their sources and
you will find that citations
are often fabricated.
•
Ahmed-Refat 2023 73

Limitations of AI
• Where is the evidence or sources?
• When ChatGPT provides an answer to a question, it will
not immediately cite where the information came
from. This is because it is building the text block
by block, constructing it from multiple sources. You
typically cannot trace the response or any individual
part of it back to a single parent source or know where
the information came from. When prompted to give a
citation, this will be included but you cannot be sure
that the reference is real or that it is the source of
that idea.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 75

Hallucinations
ChatGPT can generate irrelevant, incorrect,
or nonsensical responses known as
“hallucinations.”
For instance, if ChatGPT is asked for
historical information beyond its training
data or about future events, it might
generate plausible but incorrect
responses.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 76

- Limitations of AI
• Answers are often incorrect or hallucinated
• The way AI generates text, by constructing
information from a giant dataset using a
predictive model, can lead to hallucinated
responses.
• The replies may sound plausible but on critical
reading you may find that the response is
factually incorrect or unrelated to the context.
• You will need to approach any material generated
by AI with caution to ensure that you are not
using fabricated sources as the basis for your
assessed work
Ahmed-Refat 2023 77

Limitations of AI
if the dataset is biased this bias
will be transferred into the
generated content. Without
careful analysis, biases,
stereotypes and in some cases
Western perspectives may be
perpetuated
Ahmed-Refat 2023 78

• Since human emotions do not
play any role in working Chat GPT,
complex problems involving
human beings might get dis-
compassionate solutions.
• Thus eroding empathy and
disturbing human relations.
Is Chat GPT the end of thinking skills?

Misinformation
• AI models can spread misinformation if they
generate false or misleading responses.
• For example, if ChatGPT is asked about a
conspiracy theory, it might unintentionally
provide a response that seems to validate that
theory, leading to the spread of false
information
Ahmed-Refat 2023 80

Data fed into the system can
render vulnerability, and
there could be a
severe security risk.
Security of data

Potential Unintended Plagiarism
• Chatbots retain the information supplied to
them.
• Therefore, scholarly content that is generated
or edited could potentially appear in future
responses, increasing the risk of unintended
plagiarism on the user and any future users of
the technology.
• Anyone who needs to maintain confidentiality of a document,
including authors, editors, and reviewers, should be aware of this
issue before considering using chatbots to edit or generate work
Ahmed-Refat 2023 82

Evaluation
Ahmed-Refat 2023 83

AI Literacy.
A set of competencies that enables individuals to
1. Communicate and collaborate effectively
with AI;
2. Critically evaluate AI
technologies; and
3. Ethically use AI as a tool online.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 84

Evaluate the responses of AI
Generative Tools
1. Cross-check the response and do lateral
reading
• As with any information source, don’t accept generative AI
responses at face value.
• Cross-check the information with other sources.
• Read some easily accessible online sources or some reference sources for
your subject.
• Do they contain the same information and conclusions?
• Do they confirm what the response claims?
• Looking at multiple sources in this way, to compare and contrast what
they are saying, is called lateralreading, and it’s a useful
technique that can help you avoid bias and misinformation.
•
Ahmed-Refat 2023 85

Generative Tools
2. Verify that references are real
• Search for any references included in the
response in Google Scholar. Does the book or
article exist? Are the publication details
correct?
Ahmed-Refat 2023 86

Generative Tools
3. If they are real, check that they support the
response
• It is common to find that although the
references may be correct, on closer reading
the source has been misrepresented in the
response. Take time to check that the cited
sources are about what the AI tool claims.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 87

‫انضقاصيق‬ ‫بجامعة‬ ‫انكهيات‬ ‫عذد‬ ‫كم‬
‫جوجم‬
...
325.000
‫إجابه‬
)
+
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫مصذسأو‬ ‫أفضم‬
)
Ahmed-Refat 2023 88

‫انضقاصيق‬ ‫بجامعة‬ ‫انكهيات‬ ‫عذد‬ ‫كم‬
ChatGTP
...
}
‫إجابة‬ ‫ل‬
{
‫واحذة‬ ‫اجابه‬
..
Ahmed-Refat 2023 89

‫انمضيذ‬ ‫طهب‬ ‫وعنذ‬
..
‫إعتزس‬
ChatGTP
Ahmed-Refat 2023 90

C.R.A.A.P Tool for evaluation AI
Information
Ahmed-Refat 2023 91

C.R.A.A.P ( Authority )
Ahmed-Refat 2023 92

Ahmed-Refat 2023 93
C.R.A.A.P ( Authority )

Is Chat GPT the
end of thinking
skills?

Chatting.. x…Cheating
• “students [may] use [ChatGPT]as
a cheating tool instead of a
supporting tool to improve
their learning” and that AI
prevents students from
thinking critically by keeping
them in their comfort zone.
Ahmed-Refat 2023 95

If students become over reliant on Chat GPT,
their independent critical
thinking and problem-solving
skills may deteriorate.
Over time, students may lose
the ability to think outside the
box and generate original ideas.

If students rely excessively on
Chat GPT for answers and
solutions, they may become less
motivated to learn
independently, thus diluting
human intelligence over
generations.

Benjamin Bloom
Benjamin Bloom
(1956) recognized that
test questions require
different levels of
thinking and created
what is known as
Bloom’s Taxonomy
AhmedRefat ZNU-FOM-2022 98

Bloom Pyramid
AhmedRefat ZNU-FOM-2022 99

Ahmed-Refat 2023 100
Miller’s pyramid/ clinical Competence

“at the moment, it's looking a lot like
the end of essays as an
assignment for
education”.
C. Stokel-Walker. AI bot ChatGPT writes smart essays — Should professors worry?
Nature (2022).
Home Work///
Promotion committee

ChatGPT is coachable and responsive to follow-
up questions or further instruction

The law divides AI into categories of risk from “unacceptable” —
meaning technologies that must be banned — to high, medium
and low-risk forms of AI.

‫المشيكية‬ ‫الداسة‬
11
‫ابشيم‬
2023
WASHINGTON, April 11 (Reuters) - The
Biden administration said Tuesday it is
seeking public comments on potential
accountability measures for artificial
intelligence (AI) systems as questions
loom about its impact on national
security and education.

2
• Limitations …..many
• Evaluation of Chat GTP output/Lateral Reading
….You…./ CRAAP.
• Is Chat GPT the end of critical thinking skills &
end of essays as an assignment for education”.
‫الثاني‬ ‫التطبيق‬
‫الزقازيق‬ ‫بجامعة‬ ‫الكليات‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫كم‬
‫نجح‬ ‫جوجل‬
....
‫فشل‬ ‫شات‬

Academic
Integrity
Any ?

Generative AI
is not an academic source
• ChatGPT and similar tools are good at
answering questions by giving you an
alternative explanation, providing background
information or offering an overview of main
points.
• At university level, there is an expectation that
the sources you use will be more in-depth and
scholarly, and that you will draw on differing
perspectives to form your own opinions.

Gen. AI is not Primary Source of
Information
Generative AI tools, are not
primary sources of information.
Gen.AI do not independently verify
the facts, understand context,
think, or feel like humans.

Think of Chat GPT as a starting point,
much like Wikipedia
• Think of Generative AI as a
starting point, much like
Wikipedia.
• While Wikipedia isn't typically an
acceptable citation for academic
work, neither are generative AI
tools.
• They're great tools to begin your
research, but they shouldn't be
your main or only sources.

Think of Chat GPT as a starting point,
• .
ChatGPT and other AI writing tools are writing aids,
You still need to write, edit, proofread
and fact-check any AI-generated
content.
AI writing tools help you generate
ideas and starting points, but they
don’t replace your role as a medical
writer

It's plagiarism
• Always turn to reputable, peer-reviewed
scholarly materials for in-depth research.
And remember, copying and
pasting content, whether from a
website or AI-generated material,
isn't permissible. It's plagiarism.

What to look for
1. “Too perfect” in terms of grammar
and usage
2. If an assignment does not fit the
student typical way or level of
writing.
3. A factual error or made-up citation
4. Excessively formal, detached, or
impersonal style/tone

September 26, 2023
ChatGPT Detection Tools –
neither approved nor
recommended at USask

• ASU administration has not
recommended any specific tools
or apps to detect the use of AI in
coursework. …..

ASU.
not recommended
any specific tools to
detect the use of AI
The accuracy of AI detection tools is
not reliable;
Any results from these tools should be used for
nothing more than a starting point
for a conversation between faculty and the
student whose work is in question.

- AI and Academic Integrity
Academic integrity is an underlying principle
of research and academic practice.
Through your work and approach to learning
you are expected to demonstrate your
development as
1. an independent learner,
2. critical thinker,
3. maintaining good academic practice.

AI and Academic Integrity
As a Scholar You are expected to
1. Complete your studies honestly
and ethically,
2. Respect for the work of others and
3. Recognise your responsibility to
ensure fair assessment.

As with any tool it is strongly advisable
• not to become over reliant on AI so that you
can develop your writing, critical thinking,
and evaluation skills holistically.
All previously mentioned items are key
academic skills and graduate competencies that
you will need as you progress through your
university studies and into the workplace.

Like any other resource you would read or use in
your work, you should get into the habit of
critically reflecting on AI outputs,
asking yourself questions like why? how? and so
what? You should judge the generated content
as you would any other source of information
to consider if it is valid and
believable.

Acknowledging
your use of AI

AI Literacy.
A set of competencies (KSA) that enables
individuals to
1. Communicate and collaborate effectively with
AI;
2. Critically evaluate AI technologies; and
3. Ethically use AI as a
tool online. (A)

- Acknowledging your use of AI
• Generally speaking, if you are using generative
AI to support you learning and academic
development, you are unlikely to need to
acknowledge it.
•
• However, if you are using it to support the
preparation of an assessed piece of work, you
will need to acknowledge and/or reference it.

- Acknowledging your use of AI
• It is good academic practice to provide a brief
summary acknowledging how, why, and
when you have used AI technologies.
Describing not only what you did but why
will help you be more critical in your
selection and use of these tools.

Acknowledging your use of AI
Describe how the information or materials
were generated. Provide a description of
1. The prompt or question you
used,
2. The output generated,
3. and how you modified the
material for inclusion in your
assessment.

- Referencing AI generated sources
• As with all sources of information you use in
your work, you will need to critically evaluate
any content generated using AI.
• if you use generated material directly in your
work, ( as a verbatim quotation, embedded
image or figure), or by summarising and
paraphrasing the materials, you must include
an in text citation and reference.

How do you
acknowledge the
contribution of AI?
This may take the form of a
short statement

Short statement
“Declaration”
‫والشفافية‬ ‫اإلفصاح‬
‫األمانة‬ ‫و‬
Ahmed-Refat 2023
131
After using the appropriate tool to avoid “Plagiarism”:
Paraphrasing, Summarization or Quotation

Short statement “Declaration”
‫والشفافية‬ ‫اإلفصاح‬
‫األمانة‬ ‫و‬
‫كتابة‬ ‫نماذج‬
>
‫اإلفصاح‬ ‫بيان‬
/
‫األمانة‬ ‫بيان‬
<
Ahmed-Refat 2023
132

How To Use Gen. AI
Responsibly And Ethically.
You should add a declaration which:
Provides a written acknowledgment of the use of
generative artificial intelligence
1. Specifies which technology was used
2. Includes explicit descriptions of how the
information was generated
3. Identifies the prompts used
4. Explains how the output was used in your work.

Example 1 ‫األول‬ ‫اننمورج‬
• I acknowledge the use of [insert AI
system(s) and link]
• to [specific use of generative artificial
intelligence].
• The prompts used include [list of
prompts].
• The output from these prompts was used
• to [explain use].

• I acknowledge the use of [1] ChatGPT
(https://chat.openai.com/)
• to [2] generate materials for background
research and self-study in the drafting of this
assessment. I entered the following prompts
on 4 January 2023:
• [3] Write a 50 word summary about the formation of
Monash University. Write it in an academic style.
Add references and quotations from Sir John
Monash.
• [4] The output was adapted and modified for
the final response.
Example2 ‫انثاني‬ ‫اننمورج‬

• I acknowledge the use of [1] ChatGPT
(https://chat.openai.com/)
• [2] to refine the academic language and
accuracy of my own work. On 4 January
2023 I submitted my entire essay (link to
google document here) with the
instruction
• to [3] “Improve the academic tone and
accuracy of language, including grammatical
structures, punctuation and vocabulary”.
• [4] The output (here) was then modified
further to better represent my own tone and
style of writing.
Example3 ‫انثانث‬ ‫اننمورج‬

“In writing this manuscript, M.H. used
OpenAI Chatbot on 9th of December 2022 at
1:21pm CST. The following prompt was used
to write the introduction section:
‘Write a 300 word piece about the difference
between research ethics and research integrity.’
The generated text was copied verbatim
and is submitted as supplementary
material.”
Example 4 ‫اننمورج‬
‫انشابع‬

difference between research
ethics and research integrity
Application by
using Template 4

To write the following 3 slides , A-Reft used
OpenAI ChatGPT 3.5 on 30 of December 2023 at
1:21pm CLT. The following prompt was
used: ‘Write a 150 word text about the
difference between research ethics and research
integrity.’ Some of the generated text was
used verbatim in the following three slides
and the whole output was saved as
supplementary material.”
Application by using Template 4
Where to put this
statement…
IMRAD

Copied text from ChatGPT Response
“……Research ethics refers to the moral
principles that guide the conduct of research.
…..how it impacts those ( Persons) involved in
the research and the broader community.
Research integrity, on the other hand, is
concerned with the honesty and reliability of
the research process”.

“……Another difference is that
research ethics is concerned with the
impact of research on individuals and
society,
whereas research integrity is primarily
concerned with the reliability and
trustworthiness of the research itself”.

• “The key difference between research ethics
and research integrity is that research ethics
focuses on the moral principles that should
guide research, whereas research integrity
focuses on the specific practices and
processes that ensure the reliability and
honesty of research”.
• (OpenAI ChatGPT 2022a).
End……………………………………..of quoted text…

International Centre for Academic
Integrity
Academic integrity is defined as
a commitment to six fundamental values:
honesty, trust, fairness, respect, responsibility
and courage.
As such, when a person uses ChatGPT to
generate written texts that are then passed off
as original work, it violates the core principles of
academic integrity.

If AI was permitted to be used in your assessment, but
you have chosen not to use it, the following disclosure
is recommended.
• No content generated by AI
technologies has been used in
this work.
Example 5 ‫انخامس‬ ‫اننمورج‬

Do I need to cite
ChatGPT?
Short answer,
Yes.

Citation
• In-text citation:
• When prompted with “Is the left brain right brain
divide real or a metaphor?” the ChatGPT-generated
text indicated that although the two brain hemispheres
are somewhat specialized, “the notation that people
can be characterized as ‘left-brained’ or ‘right-brained’
is considered to be an oversimplification and a popular
myth” (OpenAI, 2023).
• Reference list :
• OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT. (May 12 version) [Large
language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

APA Citation Style:
• OpenAI. (2023, February 2). [ChatGPT's
response to a prompt about First Nations in
Ontario].
https://chatgpt.pro/.

Harvard Citation Style
Treating generative as a form of
personal communication.
• OpenAI Chat GPT (2023) ChatGPT response to
John Smith, 28 March. Available at
Acknowledgement:

Vancouver Citation Style
• in text conventions:
• As generated by the generative AI
program(ChatGPT, 2023)1
• According to ChatGPT (2023) there is a strong
correlation between diabetes and obesity...1
• 1.OpenAI. ChatGPT [Computer Software]
2023 [Cited 2023 Feb 15]. Available from:
https://chat.openai.com.

Citing and referencing: ChatGPT
Vancouver
Rule Example
In-text
citation
Each reference should be cited in
consecutive numerical order by
means of superscript arabic
numerals
paraphrased text ¹
In response to this
prompt, Chat GPT3
produced a response
with a number of
incorrect references¹
Reference
List
• Number.
• Name of Software.
• Version.
• Publisher;
• Year. Accessed M, D, Year.
• URL
1. ChatGPT. May 3
Version. OpenAI; 2023.
Accessed May 05, 2023.
https://chat.openai.com

3
• Academic Integrity Principles & Gen AI
• Plagiarism detection problems with Gen. AI
• How to cite Chat GPT
‫الثالث‬ ‫التطبيق‬
‫من‬ ‫مقتبس‬ ‫نص‬ ‫ادراج‬
ChatGPT
‫المراجع‬ ‫في‬ ‫ثبته‬ ‫و‬ ‫االفصاح‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫واستخدام‬

On October 25, 2017, Sophia became the first robot in
history to be a full citizen of Saudi Arabia.

ChatGPT as an author
documents by ChatGPT Provided by Scopus
• Towards Artificial Intelligence-Based Cybersecurity: The
Practices and ChatGPT Generated Ways to Combat
CybercrimeIraqi Journal for Computer Science and
Mathematics, Volume 4, Issue 1, 2023
Mijwil, M.M., …, ChatGPT
• ChatGpt: Open PossibilitiesIraqi Journal for Computer
Science and Mathematics, Volume 4, Issue 1, 2023
Aljanabi, M., …, ChatGpt
• Open artificial intelligence platforms in nursing education:
Tools for academic progress or abuse?Nurse Education in
Practice, Volume 66, January 2023
O'Connor, S., ChatGPT

Open AI L.L.C., 3180 18th Street, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States

At least four articles credit the AI tool as a co-author, as
publishers scramble to regulate its use.
18 January 2023

Ethical Values of “Human” Researchers
• Transparency,
• Accountability …
• Honesty,
• And objectivity
are key values in research.
One problem with using is that AI………..
Cannot Be Held Accountable Or
Responsible For The Work.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/instructions-for-
authors#:~:text=Nonhuman%20artificial%20intelligence,Image%20Integrity
• Nonhuman AI tools
do not qualify for authorship.
• If these models or tools are used to create
content or manuscript preparation, authors must
take responsibility for the integrity of the
content generated by these tools.
• Authors should report the use of AI tools to
create content or assist with writing or editing of
manuscripts in the Acknowledgment section or
Methods section if this is part of formal research
design or methods.

Chat-GPT co-authour?
• Nature’s new policy prohibits
AI co-authorship across its journals,
• and the JAMA Network of journals discourages use and
labels AI-generated text as reproduced material.
• JAMA requires authors properly report and cite use of
such technologies by clearly describing any AI-
generated content, and citing the model or tool used
and manufacturer name.
• The policy also states that use of AI-generated
text does not qualify the model or tool as a co-
author and that all human authors are responsible for
the integrity of the content generated and used.

https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-
responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html
ICMJE Recommendation (authorship)
4. Artificial
Intelligence (AI)-
Assisted Technology

https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-
responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html
• 4. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Assisted Technology
• At submission, the journal should require authors to disclose
whether they used artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technologies
in the production of submitted work.
• Authors who use such technology should describe, in both the
cover letter and the submitted work, how they used it.
• Chatbots (such as ChatGPT) should not be listed as authors because
they cannot be responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and
originality of the work,
• ). Therefore, humans are responsible for any submitted material
that included the use of AI-assisted technologies. Authors should
carefully review and edit the result because AI can generate
authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete, or
biased. Authors should not list AI and AI-assisted technologies as
an author or co-author, nor cite AI as an author. Authors should be
able to assert that there is no plagiarism in their paper, including in
text and images produced by the AI.
• Humans must ensure there is appropriate attribution of all quoted
material, including full citations.

1) Only humans can be authors;
2) Authors should acknowledge the
sources of their materials;
3) Authors must take public
responsibility for their work;
4) Editors and reviewers should
specify, to authors and each other,
any use of chatbots in evaluation of
the manuscript and generation of
reviews and correspondence;
5) Editors need appropriate digital
tools to deal with the effects of
chatbots on publishing.

Recommendations
Challenging Chat GPT in
Higher Education

Recommendation -1
1. Educate students and
on the ethical
educators
technology,
use of AI
including ChatGPT, in
academic settings.

Recommendation -2
2. Develop guidelines and
policies for the use of ChatGPT
in academic work, and make
sure that students and
educators are aware of and
follow these guidelines.

Recommendation -3
3. Monitor the use of
ChatGPT in academic
settings and take
appropriate action if it is
used for cheating or other
unethical purposes.

Recommendation -4
4. Use ChatGPT in ways
that support learning and
academic achievement,
rather than as a
replacement for traditional
forms of assessment.

Recommendation -5
5. Incorporate critical thinking and
ethical reasoning into the
curriculum, to help students
develop the skills and habits
necessary to use ChatGPT and
other AI technology responsibly.

Recommendation -6
• Establish ChatGPT training and capacity
building for both staff and students for
optimal maximisation and to ensure
responsible use.
• Review academic integrity policies and make
necessary changes to reflect current AI trends
and possibilities.

ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence in higher
education: Quick start guide (UNESCO/2023)

When is it
safe to use
ChatGPT?

MCQs Created By Chat GPT

MCQs Created By Chat GPT -1
What organizational aspect can ChatGPT assist
with apart from scheduling meetings?
a) Planting gardens
b) Organizing book clubs
c) Generating reports on university
operations
d) Managing fashion shows

MCQs Created By Chat GPT-2
How does Generative AI differ from search engines
in providing information?
a) It generates information for specific
purposes
b) It relies on keywords for information
retrieval
c) It connects directly to the internet for
real-time data
d) It focuses on visual content rather than
text-based results

3-Application…
go to https://chat.openai.com/
use the following Prompt:
“What are the most recent articles
published in occupational medicine
journals?”.
Is it OK for chat gpt to respond adequately ?
A. Yes
B. No
Explain your choice

• You
What are the most recent articles published in
occupational medicine journals
• ChatGPT
I don't have access to real-time information or the
ability to browse the internet to find the most recent
articles in occupational medicine journals. My knowledge
is up-to-date only until January 2022. To find the most
recent articles, I recommend visiting the websites of
journals like Occupational Medicine, Journal of
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, or
Occupational and Environmental Medicine. You can also
use academic databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, or
Google Scholar and filter your search by publication date
to find the latest articles in the field.

Further Reading
https://scientificwritingacademy.files.wordpress.com/2023/12/academic-
integrity-and-chatgpt-ahmedrefat-2024.pdf
• https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-
research
• https://www.ncl.ac.uk/academic-skills-kit/information-and-digital-skills/
• https://esoftskills.com/artificial-intelligence-vs-generative-
ai/#:~:text=A%3A%20Artificial%20intelligence%20(AI),models%20to%20generate%
20new%20content.
• https://huit.harvard.edu/ai
• https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/generative-artificial-intelligence-in-
education/generative-artificial-intelligence-ai-in-education
• https://teaching.virginia.edu/galleries/generative-ai
• https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/ChatGPT-and-
Artificial-Intelligence-in-higher-education-Quick-Start-guide_EN_FINAL.pdf

Thank You
Ahmed-Refat AG Refat 182

Academic Integrity and Gen AI -Basic Concepts and Skills

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