Presentation used during the training session about citing and referencing in Harvard Style on 4/03/2015.

1. by Aurélie Gandour

2. Referencing: Giving credit to the original
authors of ideas, data, or results, when
using them in your own work.

3. Plagiarism:
Failing to reference
properly your sources,
whether intentionally
or unintentionally.

6. When in doubt...
Cite it!

7. Citing and Referencing
in Harvard Style

8. CITING in-text
(Author, YEAR)
If the author’s name would not
naturally be included in the
sentence, add the author’s
name and year of publication
in brackets.
(YEAR)
If the author’s name occurs
naturally in the sentence, the
year of publication only should
follow in brackets.
Recent research in social work
(Smith, 2003) has shown that…
Smith and Jones (2003) found
that…

9. To this basic citation, you can add…
Page numbers
• In a recent study Ndlov
(1996, p. 26) argued that…
• A recent study (Ndlov, 1996,
pp. 26‐30) found that…
Other authors’ names
You can add directly the names
of a total of three authors:
• In a recent study (Smith and
Jones, 2003)…
• In a recent study (Smith, Jones
and Hill, 2003)…
For more than three authors,
you have to write “et al.”:
• In a recent study (Smith et al.,
2003)…

10. YEAR troubleshooting
If you don’t know the year of publication, you
can use the mention no date instead.
The earliest report (Harvey, no
date, p. 231) showed that…
Harvey, P. (no date) Survey report.
London: Sage.
In text:
Reference List:

11. YEAR troubleshooting
If you need to cite two (or more) publications by
an author published in the same year,
distinguish them by allocating lower case letters
in alphabetical order after the publication date.
In text:
Reference List:
In his study of the work of Rubens, Miller
(2006a, p. 18) emphasised the painter’s
mastery of drama in his larger compositions.
However, his final analysis (Miller, 2006b, pp.
143‐152) argued that…
Miller, S. (2006a) The Flemish masters.
London: Phaidon Press
Miller, S. (2006b) Rubens and his art. London:
Killington Press

12. Secondary Reference
To cite a document cited in another one, use the
phrase “cited in” and give the page number.
There was further evidence to support researchers’
views on genetic abnormalities in crops (White, 2001,
cited in Murray, 2007, p.82).

13. Quotations
Short quotations are enclosed in quotation
marks.
Smith (2003, p. 11) states that ‘Harvard referencing has
to be done accurately’.

14. Quotations
Longer quotations are separated from the text.
Cottrel (1999, p. 10) in discussing plagiarism states that
Plagiarism is using the work of others without
acknowledging your sources of information or
inspiration. This includes: using words more or else
exactly as they have been used in articles, lectures,
television programmes, or anywhere else.

15. Referencing a book
Name, I. (YEAR) Title of the book. Town: Publisher.
Schetina, E. (2002) Internet site security. Boston: Addison‐Wesley.

16. Referencing a book
You have to write all of the authors’ names.
Smith, J., Jones, W., March, M. and Chapman,
B. (2004) Harvard citations in easy stages.
London: Academic Press.

17. If the book has an editor, use her name + (ed.)
or (eds) for plural instead of the author.
Andresen, L. (ed.) (1994) Strategies for
assessing students. Birmingham: SCED.
Referencing a book

18. You can add a book series and number.
McIlroy, D. (2003) Studying at university: how
to be a successful student. London: Sage (Sage
Essential Study Skills, 23).
Referencing a book

19. If this is not a first edition, add the edition number.
Christopher, M. (1998) Logistics and supply chain
management. 2nd edn. London: Prentice Hall.
Referencing a book

20. Referencing a Book Chapter
Name, I. (YEAR) ‘Title of the chapter’, in
NameEditor, I. (ed.) Title of the book. Town:
Publisher, pp. xx‐xx.
Jones, D. (2004) ‘Understanding Harvard
referencing’, in Brown, P. (ed.) Writing references in
extremely easy stages. London: Academic Press, pp.
21‐25.
Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2010) ‘How should I set
out citations and quotations in my text?’, in Cite
them right: the essential referencing guide. 8th edn.
Houndmills: Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 4‐8.

21. A Paper in a Collection
Name, I. (YEARpaper) ‘Title of the paper’, in
NameEditor, I. (ed.) Title of the book. Town:
Publisher, YEARbook, pp. xx‐xx.
Freud, S. (1920) ‘Beyond the pleasure principle’, in
The standard edition of the complete psychological
works of Sigmund Freud.Vol.18. London: Hogarth
Press, 1955, pp. 3‐64.

22. Referencing an article
Name, I. (YEAR) ‘Title of the paper’, Name of
the Journal, Volume(Issue), pp. xx‐xx.
Haddock, M. (1994) ‘Are you thinking of writing
a bibliography?’, College and Research Libraries
News, 55(8), pp. 471‐474.

23. Author (YEAR) Title of the page. Available at:
<URL> (Accessed: date).
NHS Direct (2010) Colds and flu. Available at :
https://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/en/
CheckSymptoms/SATs/coldandflu (Accessed: 10
August 2010).
Referencing a Web Page

24. Referencing a Web Page
If your document doesn’t have an author, use
the title instead.
Editing References (2015). Available at:
http://www.myendnoteweb.com/
help/en_us/ENW/hsr_edit.htm
(Accessed: 09/03/2015).
The help page (Editing
References, 2015) explained…
In text:
Reference List:

25. Referencing a Web Page
If a webpage doesn’t have an author nor a title,
use its URL instead.
Compression may be required (http://
www.newmedia.com/compression.html
, 2009)
In text:
Reference List: http://www.newmedia.com/compressi
on.html (2009) (Accessed: 16 July
2010).

26. Good luck with your referencing!
agandour@tavi‐port.nhs.uk
@iSkillsTavi
http://tavi‐iskills.blogspot.co.uk

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