This document provides guidelines for citing sources in National Library of Medicine (NLM) style, which is very similar to CSE (Council of Science Editors) style. It discusses citing webpages, articles, books, and some notes about creating persistent URLs from Digital Object Identifiers. Webpage citations are formatted differently depending on whether they are a "homepage" with a distinct author or a "part of a website". The general formats are provided for each source type, with examples for webpages, articles, and books. Additional tools like NLM's "Citing Medicine" guide, Scopus, and Mendeley for reference management are also mentioned.

1. Citing Sources
National Library of Medicine Style.
Very similar to CSE (formerly known as CBE)

2. First: Why do we use specific
styles?
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3. Why do we use specific
styles?
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4. Citing Webpages: NLM
Style
• “Homepages” – the page has an identifiable author distinct
from the authors of the whole site, or the main home page of a
site
• Example 1 (BBC News), Example 2 (NLM)
• “Parts of web sites” – the page is part of a larger site and the
author isn’t distinct from the site as a whole
• Example 1 (CDC), Example 2 (FDA)

5. “Homepages”
• General Format
Author. Web Page Title [Internet]. Place of Publication:
Publisher; Date of copyright [Date of citation]. Available from
URL.
• Example
Hogg, C. China's mystery HIV-like disease may be all in the mind
[Internet]. London (GB): BBC News; 10 February, 2010 [17
February, 2010]. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-
pacific/8505998.stm
You may need to find
this on another page
within the site
The organization in
charge of the site.
Check to make sure
this link works!

6. “Parts of a website”
• General Format
Title of Homepage [Internet]. Place of
Publication: Publisher; Homepage publication
dates. Title of web page you are looking at; Date
of publication [Date cited]. Available from URL.
• Example
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. Atlanta
(GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2010. Dengue
– Epidemiology; 26 October, 2009 [17 February, 2010]. Available
from http://www.cdc.gov/dengue/epidemiology/index.html
If you can’t determine the
place of publication put
[place unknown]

7. General Format: Articles
Authors. Article Title. Journal Title [Internet]. Date of
Publication [Date of Citation]; Volume Number(Issue
Number):Pages. Available from: http://journalurl

8. Example
Rubenstein DR, Lovette IJ. Reproductive skew and selection on
female ornamentation in social species. Nature [Internet]. 2009
[cited 11 February 2009];462(7274):786-9. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08614
Author initials do
not have periods.
Journal title is
not italicized or
underlined
Include format.
Include the date
you last looked
at the article
online

9. Books
Author AA, Author BB. Book Title.
Edition. Place of Publication:
Publisher; Year. # of pages p.

10. Books
Morand S, Krasnov BR, Poulin R.
Micromammals and Macroparasites: From
Evolutionary Ecology to Management.
Tokyo, Japan: Springer-Verlag; 2006. 647
p.
Colon separates title and
subtitle

11. A note about URLs
• Be sure the URL you provide can be accessed by another
person.
• Test this out –
• Some databases and publisher websites have “permalinks”
or “persistent links/urls”
• It may be appropriate to create a short link using the
article’s DOI…

12. Creating a link from a DOI
• DOI – Digital Object Identifier. Like a social security
number for a journal article
• Start with: http://dx.doi.org/DOI
• The DOI is added at the end (although you don’t include
“DOI”, just the number.

13. Additional Tools
• NLM “Citing Medicine” – The style guide for NLM style –
available online
• Scopus
• Click “Output”, then “Bibliography”
• You will need to replace the link and add a citation date
• Mendeley
• For managing articles and websites
• Free plugin for Firefox
• Export a bibliography in many citation styles